THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS

Didem Yılmaz Oral; Serap Gur

doi:10.33483/jfpau.1124829

Research Article

İNTRAKAVERNOSAL SİLDENAFİLİN SIÇANLARDA DUTASTERID TEDAVİSİ SONRASI GELİŞEN EREKTIL DİSFONKSİYON ÜZERİNE YARARLI ETKİSİ

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 909 - 919, 30.09.2022

Didem Yılmaz Oral , Serap Gur

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1124829

Abstract

Amaç: Benign prostat hiperplazisi (BPH) ve erektil disfonksiyon (ED), yaşlı erkek hastalarda en sık görülen hastalıklardır. BPH tedavisi için 5α-redüktaz inhibitörleri (5-ARI) önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, 5ARI'lerin ED ile ilişkisi belirtilmiştir.Bu çalışmada, 5ARI tedavili sıçanlarda gelişen ED üzerine intrakavernozal sildenafil enjeksiyonunun etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Sprague-Dawley sıçanlar (n=30) üç gruba ayrılmıştır: Kontrol; 10 haftalık dutasterid tedavili (0.5mg/kg/gün); 6 haftalık dutasterid tedavili ve 4 hafta tedavisiz. İn vivo erektil yanıtlar, sildenafilin intrakavernozal enjeksiyonundan (0.3 mg/kg) önce ve sonra değerlendirilmiştir. İzole korpus kavernozum dokularının gevşeme ve kasılma yanıtları in vitro olarak organ banyosunda değerlendirildi.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: 10 haftalık dutasterid tedavisinden sonra prostat ağırlığı azalmıştır. Dutasterid gruplarında in vivo erektil yanıtlar, endotelyal ve nitrerjik gevşeme yanıtları azalmıştır. Tedavinin kesilmesi azalan erektil yanıtları kısmen geri döndürmüştür. Sildenafilin intrakavernozal enjeksiyonu, tedavi gruplarında erektil yanıtları artırmıştır. 10 hafta dutasterid ile tedavi edilen sıçanlarda kontraktil yanıtlar artmıştır. Tedavinin kesilmesi, erektil fonksiyonun yanı sıra endotelyal ve nitrerjik gevşemeyi iyileştirmemiştir. Ayrıca, intrakavernozal sildenafil, 5ARI tedavisinin neden olduğu ED'de bir iyileşmeye neden olmuştur.

Keywords

: 5-alfa redüktaz inhibitörü, dutasterid, erektil disfonksiyon, korpus kavernozum, sildenafil.

References

1. Ng, M., Baradhi, K.M., Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, in StatPearls. 2022: Treasure Island (FL).
2. Rowhrborm, C., McConnell, J.D. (2002). Etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Campbell’s Urology, 37, p. 1297-1330.
3. Committee, A.U.A.P.G. (2003). AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003). Chapter 1: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Journal of Urology, 170(2 Pt 1), 530-547. 4. La Vignera, S., Aversa, A., Cannarella, R., Condorelli, R.A., Duca, Y., Russo, G.I., Calogero, A.E. (2021). Pharmacological treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia: consequences on sexual function and possible endocrine effects. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 22(2), 179-189. [CrossRef]
5. Goldenberg, L., So, A., Fleshner, N., Rendon, R., Drachenberg, D., Elhilali, M. (2009). The role of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in prostate pathophysiology: Is there an additional advantage to inhibition of type 1 isoenzyme? Canadian Urology Association Journal, 3(3 Suppl 2), 109-114. [CrossRef]
6. Kim, E.H., Brockman, J.A., Andriole, G.L. (2018). The use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Asian Journal of Urology, 5(1), 28-32. [CrossRef]
7. Shigehara, K., Miyagi, T., Nakashima, T., Izumi, K., Kitagawa, Y., Mizokami, A., Koh, E., Shimamura, M., Namiki, M. (2016). Effects of dutasteride on lower urinary tract symptoms: A prospective analysis based on changes in testosterone/dihydrotestosterone levels and total prostatic volume reduction. Aging Male, 19(2), 128-33. [CrossRef]
8. Marberger, M. (2006). Drug insight: 5alpha-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. National Clinical Practice Urology, 3(9), 495-503. [CrossRef].
9. Corona, G., Tirabassi, G., Santi, D., Maseroli, E., Gacci, M., Dicuio, M., Sforza, A., Mannucci, E., Maggi, M. (2017). Sexual dysfunction in subjects treated with inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 5(4), 671-678. [CrossRef]
10. Gur, S., Kadowitz, P.J., Hellstrom, W.J. (2013). Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 12(1), 81-90. [CrossRef]
11. Sung, H.H., Yu, J., Kang, S.J., Chae, M.R., So, I., Park, J.K., Lee, S.W. (2019). Persistent Erectile Dysfunction after discontinuation of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor therapy in rats depending on the duration of treatment. The World Journal of Men’s Health, 37(2), 240-248. [CrossRef]
12. Oztekin, C.V., Yilmaz-Oral, D., Kaya-Sezginer, E., Kirlangic, O.F., Ozen, F.Z., Ozdal, B., Topcu, H.O., Gur, S. (2021). Beneficial effects of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Persistent Erectile Dysfunction after treatment of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor in Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(5), 889-899. [CrossRef]
13. Da Silva, M.H.A., Medeiros, J.L., Jr., Costa, W.S., Sampaio, F.J.B., De Souza, D.B. (2020). Effects of the dutasteride and sildenafil association in the penis of a benign prostatic hyperplasia animal model. Aging Male, 23(5), 1009-1015. [CrossRef]
14. Roehrborn, C.G., Casabe, A., Glina, S., Sorsaburu, S., Henneges, C., Viktrup, L. (2015). Treatment satisfaction and clinically meaningful symptom improvement in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: Secondary results from a 6-month, randomized, double-blind study comparing finasteride plus tadalafil with finasteride plus placebo. International Journal of Urology, 22(6), 582-587. [CrossRef]
15. Watanabe, D., Yamashita, A., Miura, K.Mizushima, A. (2020). Effects on sexual function in Japanese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia upon switching from combination therapy with alpha1 blocker and dutasteride to combination therapy with tadalafil and dutasteride. Aging Male, 23(5), 501-506. [CrossRef]
16. Serati, M., Andersson, K.E., Dmochowski, R., Agro, E.F., Heesakkers, J., Iacovelli, V., Novara, G., Khullar, V.Chapple, C. (2019). Systematic review of combination drug therapy for Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. European Urology, 75(1), 129-168. [CrossRef]
17. Scaglione, F., Donde, S., Hassan, T.A., Jannini, E.A. (2017). Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Pharmacology and Clinical Impact of the Sildenafil Citrate Orodispersible tablet formulation. Clinical Therapeutics, 39(2), 370-377. [CrossRef]
18. Goldstein, I., Lue, T.F., Padma-Nathan, H., Rosen, R.C., Steers, W.D., Wicker, P.A. (1998). Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338(20), 1397-1404 [CrossRef]
19. Oztekin, C.V., Gur, S., Abdulkadir, N.A., Lokman, U., Akdemir, A.O., Cetinkaya, M., Hellstrom, W.J. (2012). Incomplete recovery of erectile function in rat after discontinuation of dual 5-alpha reductase inhibitor therapy. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(7), 1773-1781. [CrossRef]
20. Yilmaz-Oral, D., Kaya-Sezginer, E., Oztekin, C.V., Bayatli, N., Lokman, U., Gur, S. (2020). Evaluation of combined therapeutic effects of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrogen sulfide and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in a partially bladder outlet obstructed rat model. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 39(4), 1087-1097. [CrossRef]
21. Oger-Roussel, S., Behr-Roussel, D., Caisey, S., Kergoat, M., Charon, C., Audet, A., Bernabe, J., Alexandre, L.Giuliano, F. (2014). Bladder and erectile dysfunctions in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 306(2), R108-117. [CrossRef]
22. Assaly, R., Gorny, D., Compagnie, S., Mayoux, E., Bernabe, J., Alexandre, L., Giuliano, F., Behr-Roussel, D. (2018). The Favorable Effect of Empagliflozin on Erectile Function in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(9), 1224-1234. [CrossRef]
23. Tian, L., Xin, Z.C., Yuan, Y.M., Fu, J., Liu, W.J., Wang, L.L. (2004). Effects of icariin on intracavernosal pressure and systematic arterial blood pressure of rat. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 84(2), 142-145.
24. McAuley, I.W., Kim, N.N., Min, K., Goldstein, I.Traish, A.M. (2001). Intracavernosal sildenafil facilitates penile erection independent of the nitric oxide pathway. Journal of Andrology, 22(4), 623-628. [CrossRef]
25. Cengiz, T., Kaya, E., Oral, D.Y., Ozakca, I., Bayatli, N., Karabay, A.Z., Ensari, T.A., Karahan, T., Yilmaz, E.Gur, S. (2017). Intracavernous Injection of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(1), 50-58. [CrossRef]
26. Da Silva, M.H.A., Costa, W.S., FJ, B.S., De Souza, D.B. (2018). The corpus cavernosum after treatment with dutasteride or finasteride: A histomorphometric study in a benign prostatic hyperplasia rodent model. Asian Journal of Andrology, 20(5), 505-510. [CrossRef]
27. Gacci, M., Corona, G., Salvi, M., Vignozzi, L., McVary, K.T., Kaplan, S.A., Roehrborn, C.G., Serni, S., Mirone, V., Carini, M., Maggi, M. (2012). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with alpha-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. European Urology, 61(5), 994-1003. [CrossRef]
28. Munk, N.E., Knudsen, J.S., Comerma-Steffensen, S., Simonsen, U. (2019). Systematic review of Oral Combination Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction when Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Monotherapy fails. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 7(3), 430-441. [CrossRef]
29. Gooren, L.J., Saad, F. (2006). Recent insights into androgen action on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection. Asian Journal of Andrology, 8(1), 3-9. [CrossRef]
30. Traish, A.M., Park, K., Dhir, V., Kim, N.N., Moreland, R.B., Goldstein, I. (1999). Effects of castration and androgen replacement on erectile function in a rabbit model. Endocrinology, 140(4), 1861-1868. [CrossRef]
31. Pinsky, M.R., Gur, S., Tracey, A.J., Harbin, A., Hellstrom, W.J. (2011). The effects of chronic 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (dutasteride) treatment on rat erectile function. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(11), 3066-3074. [CrossRef]
32. Reilly, C.M., Stopper, V.S., Mills, T.M. (1997). Androgens modulate the alpha-adrenergic responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum. Journal of Andrology, 18(1), 26-31.

THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 909 - 919, 30.09.2022

Didem Yılmaz Oral , Serap Gur

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1124829

Abstract

Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are the most common illnesses in aged male patients. 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are suggested for the treatment of BPH. Furthermore, the association of 5ARIs with ED has been indicated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intracavernosal injection of sildenafil on ED in 5ARI treated rats.
Material and Method: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were divided into three groups: Control; 10-week dutasteride treatment (0.5 mg/rat/day); and 6-week durasteride treatment followed by a 4-week washout period. In vivo erectile responses were assessed before and after intracavernosal injection of sildenafil (0.3mg/kg/rat). The relaxant and contractile responses of isolated corpus cavernosum were evaluated in in vitro organ bath.
Result and Discussion: Prostate weight decreased after 10-week dutasteride treatment. In vivo erectile responses, endothelial and nitrergic relaxation responses were decreased in dutasteride groups. The washout period moderately normalized erectile responses. The intracavernosal injection of sildenafil increased erectile function in treatment groups. Contractile responses were augmented in 10-week dutasteride treated rats. The cessation of the treatment did not alter erectile function as well as endothelial relaxation and nitrergic relaxation. Also, intracavernosal sildenafil caused an improvement in 5ARI treatment-induced ED.

Keywords

5-alpha reductase inhibitor, corpus cavernosum, dutasteride, erectile dysfunction, sildenafil.

References

1. Ng, M., Baradhi, K.M., Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, in StatPearls. 2022: Treasure Island (FL).
2. Rowhrborm, C., McConnell, J.D. (2002). Etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Campbell’s Urology, 37, p. 1297-1330.
3. Committee, A.U.A.P.G. (2003). AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003). Chapter 1: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Journal of Urology, 170(2 Pt 1), 530-547. 4. La Vignera, S., Aversa, A., Cannarella, R., Condorelli, R.A., Duca, Y., Russo, G.I., Calogero, A.E. (2021). Pharmacological treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia: consequences on sexual function and possible endocrine effects. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 22(2), 179-189. [CrossRef]
5. Goldenberg, L., So, A., Fleshner, N., Rendon, R., Drachenberg, D., Elhilali, M. (2009). The role of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in prostate pathophysiology: Is there an additional advantage to inhibition of type 1 isoenzyme? Canadian Urology Association Journal, 3(3 Suppl 2), 109-114. [CrossRef]
6. Kim, E.H., Brockman, J.A., Andriole, G.L. (2018). The use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Asian Journal of Urology, 5(1), 28-32. [CrossRef]
7. Shigehara, K., Miyagi, T., Nakashima, T., Izumi, K., Kitagawa, Y., Mizokami, A., Koh, E., Shimamura, M., Namiki, M. (2016). Effects of dutasteride on lower urinary tract symptoms: A prospective analysis based on changes in testosterone/dihydrotestosterone levels and total prostatic volume reduction. Aging Male, 19(2), 128-33. [CrossRef]
8. Marberger, M. (2006). Drug insight: 5alpha-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. National Clinical Practice Urology, 3(9), 495-503. [CrossRef].
9. Corona, G., Tirabassi, G., Santi, D., Maseroli, E., Gacci, M., Dicuio, M., Sforza, A., Mannucci, E., Maggi, M. (2017). Sexual dysfunction in subjects treated with inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 5(4), 671-678. [CrossRef]
10. Gur, S., Kadowitz, P.J., Hellstrom, W.J. (2013). Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 12(1), 81-90. [CrossRef]
11. Sung, H.H., Yu, J., Kang, S.J., Chae, M.R., So, I., Park, J.K., Lee, S.W. (2019). Persistent Erectile Dysfunction after discontinuation of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor therapy in rats depending on the duration of treatment. The World Journal of Men’s Health, 37(2), 240-248. [CrossRef]
12. Oztekin, C.V., Yilmaz-Oral, D., Kaya-Sezginer, E., Kirlangic, O.F., Ozen, F.Z., Ozdal, B., Topcu, H.O., Gur, S. (2021). Beneficial effects of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Persistent Erectile Dysfunction after treatment of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor in Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(5), 889-899. [CrossRef]
13. Da Silva, M.H.A., Medeiros, J.L., Jr., Costa, W.S., Sampaio, F.J.B., De Souza, D.B. (2020). Effects of the dutasteride and sildenafil association in the penis of a benign prostatic hyperplasia animal model. Aging Male, 23(5), 1009-1015. [CrossRef]
14. Roehrborn, C.G., Casabe, A., Glina, S., Sorsaburu, S., Henneges, C., Viktrup, L. (2015). Treatment satisfaction and clinically meaningful symptom improvement in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: Secondary results from a 6-month, randomized, double-blind study comparing finasteride plus tadalafil with finasteride plus placebo. International Journal of Urology, 22(6), 582-587. [CrossRef]
15. Watanabe, D., Yamashita, A., Miura, K.Mizushima, A. (2020). Effects on sexual function in Japanese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia upon switching from combination therapy with alpha1 blocker and dutasteride to combination therapy with tadalafil and dutasteride. Aging Male, 23(5), 501-506. [CrossRef]
16. Serati, M., Andersson, K.E., Dmochowski, R., Agro, E.F., Heesakkers, J., Iacovelli, V., Novara, G., Khullar, V.Chapple, C. (2019). Systematic review of combination drug therapy for Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. European Urology, 75(1), 129-168. [CrossRef]
17. Scaglione, F., Donde, S., Hassan, T.A., Jannini, E.A. (2017). Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Pharmacology and Clinical Impact of the Sildenafil Citrate Orodispersible tablet formulation. Clinical Therapeutics, 39(2), 370-377. [CrossRef]
18. Goldstein, I., Lue, T.F., Padma-Nathan, H., Rosen, R.C., Steers, W.D., Wicker, P.A. (1998). Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338(20), 1397-1404 [CrossRef]
19. Oztekin, C.V., Gur, S., Abdulkadir, N.A., Lokman, U., Akdemir, A.O., Cetinkaya, M., Hellstrom, W.J. (2012). Incomplete recovery of erectile function in rat after discontinuation of dual 5-alpha reductase inhibitor therapy. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(7), 1773-1781. [CrossRef]
20. Yilmaz-Oral, D., Kaya-Sezginer, E., Oztekin, C.V., Bayatli, N., Lokman, U., Gur, S. (2020). Evaluation of combined therapeutic effects of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrogen sulfide and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in a partially bladder outlet obstructed rat model. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 39(4), 1087-1097. [CrossRef]
21. Oger-Roussel, S., Behr-Roussel, D., Caisey, S., Kergoat, M., Charon, C., Audet, A., Bernabe, J., Alexandre, L.Giuliano, F. (2014). Bladder and erectile dysfunctions in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 306(2), R108-117. [CrossRef]
22. Assaly, R., Gorny, D., Compagnie, S., Mayoux, E., Bernabe, J., Alexandre, L., Giuliano, F., Behr-Roussel, D. (2018). The Favorable Effect of Empagliflozin on Erectile Function in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(9), 1224-1234. [CrossRef]
23. Tian, L., Xin, Z.C., Yuan, Y.M., Fu, J., Liu, W.J., Wang, L.L. (2004). Effects of icariin on intracavernosal pressure and systematic arterial blood pressure of rat. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 84(2), 142-145.
24. McAuley, I.W., Kim, N.N., Min, K., Goldstein, I.Traish, A.M. (2001). Intracavernosal sildenafil facilitates penile erection independent of the nitric oxide pathway. Journal of Andrology, 22(4), 623-628. [CrossRef]
25. Cengiz, T., Kaya, E., Oral, D.Y., Ozakca, I., Bayatli, N., Karabay, A.Z., Ensari, T.A., Karahan, T., Yilmaz, E.Gur, S. (2017). Intracavernous Injection of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(1), 50-58. [CrossRef]
26. Da Silva, M.H.A., Costa, W.S., FJ, B.S., De Souza, D.B. (2018). The corpus cavernosum after treatment with dutasteride or finasteride: A histomorphometric study in a benign prostatic hyperplasia rodent model. Asian Journal of Andrology, 20(5), 505-510. [CrossRef]
27. Gacci, M., Corona, G., Salvi, M., Vignozzi, L., McVary, K.T., Kaplan, S.A., Roehrborn, C.G., Serni, S., Mirone, V., Carini, M., Maggi, M. (2012). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with alpha-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. European Urology, 61(5), 994-1003. [CrossRef]
28. Munk, N.E., Knudsen, J.S., Comerma-Steffensen, S., Simonsen, U. (2019). Systematic review of Oral Combination Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction when Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Monotherapy fails. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 7(3), 430-441. [CrossRef]
29. Gooren, L.J., Saad, F. (2006). Recent insights into androgen action on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection. Asian Journal of Andrology, 8(1), 3-9. [CrossRef]
30. Traish, A.M., Park, K., Dhir, V., Kim, N.N., Moreland, R.B., Goldstein, I. (1999). Effects of castration and androgen replacement on erectile function in a rabbit model. Endocrinology, 140(4), 1861-1868. [CrossRef]
31. Pinsky, M.R., Gur, S., Tracey, A.J., Harbin, A., Hellstrom, W.J. (2011). The effects of chronic 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (dutasteride) treatment on rat erectile function. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(11), 3066-3074. [CrossRef]
32. Reilly, C.M., Stopper, V.S., Mills, T.M. (1997). Androgens modulate the alpha-adrenergic responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum. Journal of Andrology, 18(1), 26-31.

There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Didem Yılmaz Oral 0000-0002-9515-0698 Serap Gur 0000-0002-1730-7282
Publication Date	September 30, 2022
Submission Date	June 3, 2022
Acceptance Date	August 16, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 46 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Yılmaz Oral, D., & Gur, S. (2022). THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 46(3), 909-919. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1124829
AMA	Yılmaz Oral D, Gur S. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. September 2022;46(3):909-919. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1124829
Chicago	Yılmaz Oral, Didem, and Serap Gur. “THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46, no. 3 (September 2022): 909-19. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1124829.
EndNote	Yılmaz Oral D, Gur S (September 1, 2022) THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46 3 909–919.
IEEE	D. Yılmaz Oral and S. Gur, “THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS”, J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 909–919, 2022, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1124829.
ISNAD	Yılmaz Oral, Didem - Gur, Serap. “THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46/3 (September 2022), 909-919. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1124829.
JAMA	Yılmaz Oral D, Gur S. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2022;46:909–919.
MLA	Yılmaz Oral, Didem and Serap Gur. “THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 46, no. 3, 2022, pp. 909-1, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1124829.
Vancouver	Yılmaz Oral D, Gur S. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION OF SILDENAFIL ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN DUTASTERIDE TREATED RATS. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2022;46(3):909-1.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

Scope and Aim

The Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University is an international medium, an open access, peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original research reports, reviews and short communications in English or Turkish on relevant developments in pharmaceutical sciences., Proceeding of scientific meetings may be published as special issues of supplements to the journal. Additionally, it contains previous and forthcoming national and international scientific meetings with social activities in pharmaceutical areas.