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Covıd-19 Pandemisinin İnfertilite Tedavisi Gören Kadınlar Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kalitatif Çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 130 - 141, 25.08.2022

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı infertilite tedavisi gören kadınların COVİD-19 pandemisinden etkilenme durumlarını; tedavilerini erteleme, geciktirme, iptal etme, tedaviye başlamada tereddüt durumları ile diğer tecrübelerini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada; “gelişigüzel (convenience) örnekleme” yöntemi kullanılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile veri toplanmıştır. Önceden belirlenen ana temalara yönelik açık uçlu sorular sorulmuş ve katılımcıların duygu, düşünceleri alınarak alt temalar oluşturulmuştur.
Bulgular: Araştırma 10 infertil kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 34 olup, 8 kadının (%80) eğitim durumu lisans ve lisansüstüdür. İnfertilite nedenleri açısından 5 kadın (%50) sebebi bilinmeyen infertilite, 2 kadın (%20) endometriyozis, 1 kadın yaş faktörü ve anatomik sebeple (%10) ve 2 kadın (%20) eş faktörlü (azospermi) nedenlerine bağlı olarak infertilite sorunu yaşamaktadır. Kadınların ve eşlerinin covid 19 enfeksiyonu geçirme durumlarına bakıldığında; 3 çift (%30) covid geçirmişlerdir. Katılımcıların %60’ı iki doz ve üzeri covid 19 aşısı yaptırmıştır. Katılımcıların yarısı Covid-19 Pandemisi nedeniyle tedaviye başlamada tereddüt ettiklerini ifade etmişlerdir. İki katılımcı Covid-19 nedeniyle tedavisini ertelemiştir. Katılımcılar Covid- 19 Pandemisinden dolayı “tedavinin iptal olmasına yönelik kaygı”, “aşısı olmamaya bağlı kaygı”alt temalarında görüş bildirmiştir. Üç katılımcı aşının yan etkilerinden korktuğuna ilişkin görüş belirtmiştir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Ülkemizde Covid-19 Pandemisinin infertil kadınlar üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik yeterince çalışma yapılmamış olup yabancı çalışmalarda ise konuya ilişkin yapılan çalışma sonuçlarının çalışmamıza benzer şekilde olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma, infertilite tedavisinin yarattığı psikolojik sorunlara, COVİD-19 salgınının eklenmesiyle hastalarda daha yüksek psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyleri görüldüğünü desteklenmektedir.

References

  • Abobaker, A., & Raba, A. A. (2021). Does COVID-19 affect male fertility? World Journal of Urology, 39(3), 975-976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-020-03208-w
  • Aşkın, R., Bozkut, Y., & Zeybek, Z. (2020). Covid 19 pandemisi: Psikolojik etkileri ve terapötik müdahaleler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 304-318.
  • Barra, F., La Rosa, V. L., Vitale, S. G., Commodari, E., Altieri, M., Scala, C., & Ferrero, S. (2020). Psychological status of infertile patients who had in vitro fertilization treatment interrupted or postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 0(0), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1853095
  • Bekaroğlu, E., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). COVID-19 ve psikolojik etkileri: Klinik psikoloji perspektifinden bir derleme. Nesne, 8(18), 573-584.
  • Ben-Kimhy, R., Youngster, M., Medina-Artom, T. R., Avraham, S., Gat, I., Marom Haham, L., Hourvitz, A., & Kedem, A. (2020). Fertility patients under COVID-19: Attitudes, perceptions and psychological reactions. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 35(12), 2774-2783. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa248
  • Boivin, J., Griffiths, E., & Venetis, C. A. (2011). Emotional distress in infertile women and failure of assisted reproductive technologies: Meta-analysis of prospective psychosocial studies. BMJ, 342, d223. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d223
  • Boivin, J., Harrison, C., Mathur, R., Burns, G., Pericleous-Smith, A., & Gameiro, S. (2020). Patient experiences of fertility clinic closure during the COVID-19 pandemic: Appraisals, coping and emotions. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 35(11), 2556-2566. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa218
  • Bortoletto, P., Applegarth, L., Josephs, L., Witzke, J., Romanski, P. A., Schattman, G., Rosenwaks, Z., & Grill, E. (2021). Psychosocial response of infertile patients to COVID-19-related delays in care at the epicenter of the global pandemic. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04852-1
  • Boz, İ., & Okumuş, H. (2017). The “Everything About the Existence” Experiences of Turkish Women With Infertility: Solicited Diaries in Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Research, 25(4), 268-275. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000166
  • Colaco, S., Chhabria, K., Singh, D., Bhide, A., Singh, N., Singh, A., Husein, A., Mishra, A., Sharma, R., Ashary, N., & Modi, D. (2020). A single-cell RNA expression map of coronavirus receptors and associated factors in developing human embryos. arXiv:2004.04935 [q-bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04935
  • Ding, Y., He, L., Zhang, Q., Huang, Z., Che, X., Hou, J., Wang, H., Shen, H., Qiu, L., Li, Z., Geng, J., Cai, J., Han, H., Li, X., Kang, W., Weng, D., Liang, P., & Jiang, S. (2004). Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in SARS patients: İmplications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways. The Journal of Pathology, 203(2), 622-630. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1560
  • Dong, M., Wu, S., Tao, Y., Zhou, F., & Tan, J. (2021). The Impact of Postponed Fertility Treatment on the Sexual Health of Infertile Patients Owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 730994. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.730994
  • Durmazoğlu, G. (2015). İnfertilite ve tedavisinin kadınların çalışma hayatına etkisi [Yüzksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/yonetilen-tez/c02c0ed5-b3c1-4a62-9f44-5c6474760a79/infertilite-ve-tedavisinin-kadinlarin-calisma-hayatina-etkisi
  • Eren Bodur, N., Coşar, B., & Erdem, M. (2013). İnfertil Çiftlerde Evlilik Uyumunun Demografik ve Klinik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL, 38(1).
  • Esposito, V., Rania, E., & Lico, D. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the psycho-logical status of infertile couples. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 253, 148-153.
  • Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Upper Saddle River.
  • Jaiswal, P., Mahey, R., Singh, S., Vanamail, P., Gupta, M., C, R., Sharma, J. B., & Bhatla, N. (2022). Psychological impact of suspension/postponement of fertility treatments on infertile women waiting during COVID pandemic. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.21254
  • Katip, M. (2019). Ortaöğretim Okul Yöneticilerinin Etik Dışı Liderlik Davranışları Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Keskin, G., & Gümüş, A. B. (2014). İnfertilite: Umutsuzluk Perspektifinden bir inceleme. 5(1), 9-16.
  • Kırca, N., & Öngen, M. (2021). Sars-Cov2 Salgınında Gebelik, İnfertilite Ve Yardımcı Üreme Tekniklerinin Kullanımı. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 147-158.
  • Lablanche, O., Salle, B., Perie, M.-A., Labrune, E., Langlois-Jacques, C., & Fraison, E. (2022). Psychological effect of COVID-19 pandemic among women undergoing infertility care, a French cohort - PsyCovART Psychological effect of COVID-19: PsyCovART. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 51(1), 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102251
  • Lin, Y.-N. (2002). Counselling a Taiwanese woman with infertility problems. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070110104024
  • Liu, X., Chen, Y., Tang, W., Zhang, L., Chen, W., Yan, Z., Yuan, P., Yang, M., Kong, S., Yan, L., & Qiao, J. (2020). Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes. Science China. Life Sciences, 63(7), 1006-1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1705-0
  • Marom Haham, L., Youngster, M., Kuperman Shani, A., Yee, S., Ben-Kimhy, R., Medina-Artom, T. R., Hourvitz, A., Kedem, A., & Librach, C. (2021). Suspension of fertility treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Views, emotional reactions and psychological distress among women undergoing fertility treatment. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 42(4), 849-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.01.007
  • Schreiber, C. A., & Barnhart, K. (2019). Chapter 36—Contraception. Içinde J. F. Strauss & R. L. Barbieri (Ed.), Yen and Jaffe’s Reproductive Endocrinology (Eighth Edition) (ss. 962-978.e4). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-47912-7.00036-6.
  • Seifer, D. B., Petok, W. D., Agrawal, A., Glenn, T. L., Bayer, A. H., Witt, B. R., Burgin, B. D., & Lieman, H. J. (2021). Psychological experience and coping strategies of patients in the Northeast US delaying care for infertility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 19, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-021-00721-4
  • Sexton, M. B., Byrd, M. R., O’Donohue, W. T., & Jacobs, N. N. (2010). Web-based treatment for infertility-related psychological distress. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 13(4), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-009-0142-x
  • Sezgin, H., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2014). İnfertilitenin Psikiyatrik Yönü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.2013100109141
  • Sun, YF., Zhang, J., Xu, YM. et al. Effects of age on pregnancy outcomes in patients with simple tubal factor infertility receiving frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Sci Rep 10, 18121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75124-3
  • Sutton, D., D’Alton, M., Zhang, Y., Kahe, K., Cepin, A., Goffman, D., Staniczenko, A., Yates, H., Burgansky, A., Coletta, J., Williams, Z., & Gyamfi-Bannerman, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant, breastfeeding, and nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 3(5), 100403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100403
  • Taebi, M., Simbar, M., & Abdolahian, S. (2018). Psychological empowerment strategies in infertile women: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7, 68. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_151_15
  • Tokgoz, V. Y., Kaya, Y., & Tekin, A. B. (2020). The level of anxiety in infertile women whose ART cycles are postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1806819
  • Turocy, J., Robles, A., Hercz, D., D’Alton, M., Forman, E. J., & Williams, Z. (2020). The Emotional Impact of the Asrm Guidelines on Fertility Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic (s. 2020.03.29.20046631). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.29.20046631
  • Vaughan, D., Shah, J., Penzias, A., Domar, A., & Toth, T. (2020). Infertility remains a top stressor despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Reprod Biomed Online, 41, 425-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.015
  • Wang, Z., & Xu, X. (2020). ScRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells. Cells, 9(4), E920. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040920.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020. Retreived May 3, 2020, from https://www.who.int/dg/ speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020. (t.y.).
  • Yilmaz, N., & Moraloğlu Teki̇n, Ö. (2020). COVID -19 (SARS- CoV 2) Pandemisinde Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.719583.
Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 130 - 141, 25.08.2022

Abstract

References

  • Abobaker, A., & Raba, A. A. (2021). Does COVID-19 affect male fertility? World Journal of Urology, 39(3), 975-976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-020-03208-w
  • Aşkın, R., Bozkut, Y., & Zeybek, Z. (2020). Covid 19 pandemisi: Psikolojik etkileri ve terapötik müdahaleler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 304-318.
  • Barra, F., La Rosa, V. L., Vitale, S. G., Commodari, E., Altieri, M., Scala, C., & Ferrero, S. (2020). Psychological status of infertile patients who had in vitro fertilization treatment interrupted or postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 0(0), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1853095
  • Bekaroğlu, E., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). COVID-19 ve psikolojik etkileri: Klinik psikoloji perspektifinden bir derleme. Nesne, 8(18), 573-584.
  • Ben-Kimhy, R., Youngster, M., Medina-Artom, T. R., Avraham, S., Gat, I., Marom Haham, L., Hourvitz, A., & Kedem, A. (2020). Fertility patients under COVID-19: Attitudes, perceptions and psychological reactions. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 35(12), 2774-2783. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa248
  • Boivin, J., Griffiths, E., & Venetis, C. A. (2011). Emotional distress in infertile women and failure of assisted reproductive technologies: Meta-analysis of prospective psychosocial studies. BMJ, 342, d223. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d223
  • Boivin, J., Harrison, C., Mathur, R., Burns, G., Pericleous-Smith, A., & Gameiro, S. (2020). Patient experiences of fertility clinic closure during the COVID-19 pandemic: Appraisals, coping and emotions. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 35(11), 2556-2566. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa218
  • Bortoletto, P., Applegarth, L., Josephs, L., Witzke, J., Romanski, P. A., Schattman, G., Rosenwaks, Z., & Grill, E. (2021). Psychosocial response of infertile patients to COVID-19-related delays in care at the epicenter of the global pandemic. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04852-1
  • Boz, İ., & Okumuş, H. (2017). The “Everything About the Existence” Experiences of Turkish Women With Infertility: Solicited Diaries in Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Research, 25(4), 268-275. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000166
  • Colaco, S., Chhabria, K., Singh, D., Bhide, A., Singh, N., Singh, A., Husein, A., Mishra, A., Sharma, R., Ashary, N., & Modi, D. (2020). A single-cell RNA expression map of coronavirus receptors and associated factors in developing human embryos. arXiv:2004.04935 [q-bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04935
  • Ding, Y., He, L., Zhang, Q., Huang, Z., Che, X., Hou, J., Wang, H., Shen, H., Qiu, L., Li, Z., Geng, J., Cai, J., Han, H., Li, X., Kang, W., Weng, D., Liang, P., & Jiang, S. (2004). Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in SARS patients: İmplications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways. The Journal of Pathology, 203(2), 622-630. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1560
  • Dong, M., Wu, S., Tao, Y., Zhou, F., & Tan, J. (2021). The Impact of Postponed Fertility Treatment on the Sexual Health of Infertile Patients Owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 730994. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.730994
  • Durmazoğlu, G. (2015). İnfertilite ve tedavisinin kadınların çalışma hayatına etkisi [Yüzksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. https://avesis.deu.edu.tr/yonetilen-tez/c02c0ed5-b3c1-4a62-9f44-5c6474760a79/infertilite-ve-tedavisinin-kadinlarin-calisma-hayatina-etkisi
  • Eren Bodur, N., Coşar, B., & Erdem, M. (2013). İnfertil Çiftlerde Evlilik Uyumunun Demografik ve Klinik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL, 38(1).
  • Esposito, V., Rania, E., & Lico, D. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the psycho-logical status of infertile couples. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 253, 148-153.
  • Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Upper Saddle River.
  • Jaiswal, P., Mahey, R., Singh, S., Vanamail, P., Gupta, M., C, R., Sharma, J. B., & Bhatla, N. (2022). Psychological impact of suspension/postponement of fertility treatments on infertile women waiting during COVID pandemic. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.21254
  • Katip, M. (2019). Ortaöğretim Okul Yöneticilerinin Etik Dışı Liderlik Davranışları Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Keskin, G., & Gümüş, A. B. (2014). İnfertilite: Umutsuzluk Perspektifinden bir inceleme. 5(1), 9-16.
  • Kırca, N., & Öngen, M. (2021). Sars-Cov2 Salgınında Gebelik, İnfertilite Ve Yardımcı Üreme Tekniklerinin Kullanımı. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 147-158.
  • Lablanche, O., Salle, B., Perie, M.-A., Labrune, E., Langlois-Jacques, C., & Fraison, E. (2022). Psychological effect of COVID-19 pandemic among women undergoing infertility care, a French cohort - PsyCovART Psychological effect of COVID-19: PsyCovART. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 51(1), 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102251
  • Lin, Y.-N. (2002). Counselling a Taiwanese woman with infertility problems. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070110104024
  • Liu, X., Chen, Y., Tang, W., Zhang, L., Chen, W., Yan, Z., Yuan, P., Yang, M., Kong, S., Yan, L., & Qiao, J. (2020). Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes. Science China. Life Sciences, 63(7), 1006-1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1705-0
  • Marom Haham, L., Youngster, M., Kuperman Shani, A., Yee, S., Ben-Kimhy, R., Medina-Artom, T. R., Hourvitz, A., Kedem, A., & Librach, C. (2021). Suspension of fertility treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Views, emotional reactions and psychological distress among women undergoing fertility treatment. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 42(4), 849-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.01.007
  • Schreiber, C. A., & Barnhart, K. (2019). Chapter 36—Contraception. Içinde J. F. Strauss & R. L. Barbieri (Ed.), Yen and Jaffe’s Reproductive Endocrinology (Eighth Edition) (ss. 962-978.e4). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-47912-7.00036-6.
  • Seifer, D. B., Petok, W. D., Agrawal, A., Glenn, T. L., Bayer, A. H., Witt, B. R., Burgin, B. D., & Lieman, H. J. (2021). Psychological experience and coping strategies of patients in the Northeast US delaying care for infertility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 19, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-021-00721-4
  • Sexton, M. B., Byrd, M. R., O’Donohue, W. T., & Jacobs, N. N. (2010). Web-based treatment for infertility-related psychological distress. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 13(4), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-009-0142-x
  • Sezgin, H., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2014). İnfertilitenin Psikiyatrik Yönü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.2013100109141
  • Sun, YF., Zhang, J., Xu, YM. et al. Effects of age on pregnancy outcomes in patients with simple tubal factor infertility receiving frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Sci Rep 10, 18121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75124-3
  • Sutton, D., D’Alton, M., Zhang, Y., Kahe, K., Cepin, A., Goffman, D., Staniczenko, A., Yates, H., Burgansky, A., Coletta, J., Williams, Z., & Gyamfi-Bannerman, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant, breastfeeding, and nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 3(5), 100403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100403
  • Taebi, M., Simbar, M., & Abdolahian, S. (2018). Psychological empowerment strategies in infertile women: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7, 68. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_151_15
  • Tokgoz, V. Y., Kaya, Y., & Tekin, A. B. (2020). The level of anxiety in infertile women whose ART cycles are postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1806819
  • Turocy, J., Robles, A., Hercz, D., D’Alton, M., Forman, E. J., & Williams, Z. (2020). The Emotional Impact of the Asrm Guidelines on Fertility Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic (s. 2020.03.29.20046631). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.29.20046631
  • Vaughan, D., Shah, J., Penzias, A., Domar, A., & Toth, T. (2020). Infertility remains a top stressor despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Reprod Biomed Online, 41, 425-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.015
  • Wang, Z., & Xu, X. (2020). ScRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells. Cells, 9(4), E920. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040920.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020. Retreived May 3, 2020, from https://www.who.int/dg/ speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia- briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020. (t.y.).
  • Yilmaz, N., & Moraloğlu Teki̇n, Ö. (2020). COVID -19 (SARS- CoV 2) Pandemisinde Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.719583.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özen İnam 0000-0002-6463-2432

İlkay Güngör Satılmış 0000-0002-9446-6148

Early Pub Date August 25, 2022
Publication Date August 25, 2022
Submission Date March 10, 2022
Acceptance Date July 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnam, Ö., & Güngör Satılmış, İ. (2022). Covıd-19 Pandemisinin İnfertilite Tedavisi Gören Kadınlar Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kalitatif Çalışma. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 130-141.


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