Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 238 - 243, 31.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • 1. Smith NK, Scott B, Brandon W, Erika C, Lucia C, Debby H. Genital Self-Image and Considerations of Elective Genital Surgery. J Sex Marital Ther. 2017; 43:2,169-84.
  • 2. Giarenis I, Cardozo L. Cosmetic genital surgery. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2014; 24(9):286-8.
  • 3. Shaw D, Lefebvre G, Bouchard C, Shapiro J, Blake J, Allen L et al. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013; 35(12):1108-12.
  • 4. Lloyd J, Crouch NS, Minto C, Liao L, Creighton S. Female genital appearance: "normality" unfolds. BJOG 2005; 112(5):643-6.
  • 5. Moran C, Lee C. What’s normal? Influencing women’sperceptions of normal genitalia: an experiment involving exposure to modified and nonmodified images. BJOG 2014; 121:761–6.
  • 6. Liao LM, Creighton SM. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a new dilemma for GPs. Br J Gen Pract 2011; 61(582):7-8.
  • 7. Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Hymen reconstruction: ethical and legal issues. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2009; 107(3):266–9.
  • 8. Crouch N, Deans R, Michala L, Liao L, Creighton SM. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduction surgery: a prospective study. BJOG 2011;10: 1-4.
  • 9. British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS). Aesthetic genital surgery: female genital aesthetic surgery (aesthetic genital surgery, designer vaginas). London: British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS); [2011]. Available from: http://www.baaps.org.uk/procedures/aesthetic-genital-surgery (Erişim: 25.10.2017).
  • 10. Nappi R, Liekens G, Brandenburg U. Attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about the vagina: the International Vagina Dialogue Survey. Contraception. 2006;73(5):493-500.
  • 11. Açıkgöz F. Cinsel sağlığa yönelik hemşirelik yaklaşım modelleri. Androloji Bülteni 2011; 47: 305-7.
  • 12. Schick VR, Calabrese SK, Rima BN, Zucker AN. Genital appearance dissatisfaction: Implications for women's genital image self-consciousness, sexual esteem, sexual satisfaction, and sexual risk. Psychol Women Q 2010; 34(3):394-404.
  • 13. Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Matlock DL, Simopoulos AF, Dalton TA, Veale D et al. Evaluation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Women Undergoing Female Genital Plastic/Cosmetic Surgery. Aesthet Surg J 2016;36(9):1048–57.
  • 14. Barbara G, Facchin F, Meschia M, Vercellini P. “The first cut is the deepest”: a psychological, sexological and gynecological perspective on female genital cosmetic surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94(9):915-20.
  • 15. Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Benson RH, Miklos JR, Moore RD, Jason RA et al. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery. J Sex Med 2010 7(4 Pt 1):1565-77.
  • 16. Miklos JR, Moore RD. Labiaplasty of the labia minora: patients' indications for pursuing surgery. J Sex Med 2008;5(6):1492-5.
  • 17. Braun V. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates. J Womens Health 2010;19(7):1393-407.
  • 18. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. RANZCOG College Statement: C-Gyn 24. Vaginal “Rejuvenation” and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures. 2008
  • 19. Goodman MP. Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review. J Sex Med 2011; 8:1813–25.
  • 20. Aleem S, Adams EJ. (2011). Labiaplasty. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2011; 22(2):50-3.
  • 21. Pauls R, Rogers R. Should gynecologists provide cosmetic labiaplasty procedure?, ACOG 2014; 211(3):218.
  • 22. Gonzales F, Dass D, Almeida B. Custom Flask Labiaplasty. Ann Plast Surg 2015;75(3):266-71.
  • 23. Karram MM. Vaginoplasty and Perineal Reconstruction. Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery 2015; 104:1159-66.
  • 24. Green FJ. From clitoridectomies to 'designer vaginas': the medical construction of heteronormative female bodies and sexuality through female genital cutting. Sexualities, Evolution and Gender. 2005; 7(2):153-87.
  • 25. Braun V. 'The women are doing it for themselves': the rhetoric of choice and agency around female genital 'cosmetic surgery'. Australian Feminist Studies. 2009; 24(60):233-49.
  • 26. Liao LM, Creighton SM. Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond? BMJ 2007; 334(7603):1090-2.
  • 27. Logmans A, Verhoeff A, Raap RB, Creighton F, van Lent M. Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? Who wants the procedure and why. BMJ 1998; 316(7129):459–60.
  • 28. Wei S, Li Q, Li S, Zhou C, Li F, Zhou Y, A new surgical technique of hymenoplasty. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015; 130:14-18.
  • 29. Balmforth J, Cardozo L. Designer vaginas. Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Women's Health 2006; (99):72-7.
  • 30. Millheiser LS, Pauls RN, Herbst SJ, Chen BH. “Radiofrequency treatment of vaginal laxity after vaginal delivery: nonsurgical vaginal tightening”. J Sex Med 2010; 7(9):3088–95.
  • 31. Tunuguntla HS, Gousse AE. “Female sexual dysfunction following vaginal surgery: a review”. J Urol 2006; 175(2):439–46.
  • 32. Adamo C, Corvi M. “Cosmeticmucosal vaginal tightening (lateral colporrhaphy): improving sexual sensitivity in women with a sensation of wide vagina”. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123(6):212–3.
  • 33. Abedi P, Jamali S, Tadayon M, Parhizkar S, Mogharab F. “Effectiveness of selective vaginal tightening on sexual function among reproductive aged women in Iran with vaginal laxity: a quasi-experimental study”. J Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 40(2):526–31.
  • 34. Ostrzenski A. Modified posterior perineoplasty in womean. J Reprod Med 2015; 60(3-4):109-16.
  • 35. Shindel AW, Goldstein I. Sexual function and dysfunction in the Female. Campbell-Walsh Urology 2016; 32:749-64.
  • 36. Ostrzenski A. Cosmetic gynecology in the view of evidence-based medicine and ACOG recommendations: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 284(3):617-30.
  • 37. Zuckerman D. Reasonably safe?: breast implants and informed consent. Reprod Health Matters 2010; 18(35):94-102.
  • 38. Goodman MP. Female cosmetic genital surgery. Obstetrics And Gynecology. 2009; 113(1):154-9.
  • 39. Michala L, Koliantzaki S, Antsaklis A. Protruding labia minora: abnormal or just uncool? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 32(3):154-6.
  • 40. Lynch A, Marulaiah M, Samarakkody U. Reduction labioplasty in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2008; 21(3):147-9.
  • 41. Küçükkaya PG. Estetik Cerrahide Ameliyat Öncesi Psikososyal Değerlendirmede Hemşirenin Rolü. J Psy Nurs 2011; 2(2):94-9.

Kadınların Genital Görünüm Memnuniyeti: Genital Kozmetik Cerrahi

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 238 - 243, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Kadın genital kozmetik cerrahi (KGKC); aslında tıbbi olarak endikasyonu olmayan, sağlıklı kadın cinsel organının yapısını ve görünümünü değiştiren kozmetik cerrahi prosedürlerini ifade eder. KGKC başlığı altında labioplasti, vajinal gençleştirme, kalça dolgunlaştırma, G-spot dolgunlaştırma, kızlık zarı yenileme, klitoral kaput modifikasyonu ve mons pubis küçültmeyi içeren bir dizi prosedür bulunmaktadır. Kadınlar; estetik, işlevsel, cinsel ve kültürel nedenlerle genital kozmetik cerrahi (GKC) prosedürlerine başvurmaktadırlar. Son yıllarda, çok sayıda sağlıklı kadın ya da genç kız GKC prosedürlerini araştırmakta ve dış genital organ görünüşü konusunda gelişen farkındalık nedeni ile bu bölgenin estetik operasyonlarında büyük bir artış olmaktadır. KGKC önemli tartışmalara ve görüşlere konu olmasına rağmen riskler, etkinlilik, komplikasyonlar ve hasta memnuniyeti hakkındaki kanıtların eksikliği devam etmektedir. Bilimsel jinekoloji dernekleri GKC düşünen tüm kadınlara genital bölgenin normal görünümü ve fizyolojik değişiklikleri hakkında cinsel ve psikolojik danışmanlık yapılmasını, GKC’nin olası risklerinden haberdar edilmesini vurgulamıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı GKC çeşitleri, riskleri, kadınların tercih etme nedenleri, cinsellik ve beden imajı ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi ve sağlık profesyonellerinin GKC konusunda danışmanlık rolünün ele alınmasıdır.

References

  • 1. Smith NK, Scott B, Brandon W, Erika C, Lucia C, Debby H. Genital Self-Image and Considerations of Elective Genital Surgery. J Sex Marital Ther. 2017; 43:2,169-84.
  • 2. Giarenis I, Cardozo L. Cosmetic genital surgery. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2014; 24(9):286-8.
  • 3. Shaw D, Lefebvre G, Bouchard C, Shapiro J, Blake J, Allen L et al. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013; 35(12):1108-12.
  • 4. Lloyd J, Crouch NS, Minto C, Liao L, Creighton S. Female genital appearance: "normality" unfolds. BJOG 2005; 112(5):643-6.
  • 5. Moran C, Lee C. What’s normal? Influencing women’sperceptions of normal genitalia: an experiment involving exposure to modified and nonmodified images. BJOG 2014; 121:761–6.
  • 6. Liao LM, Creighton SM. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a new dilemma for GPs. Br J Gen Pract 2011; 61(582):7-8.
  • 7. Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Hymen reconstruction: ethical and legal issues. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2009; 107(3):266–9.
  • 8. Crouch N, Deans R, Michala L, Liao L, Creighton SM. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduction surgery: a prospective study. BJOG 2011;10: 1-4.
  • 9. British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS). Aesthetic genital surgery: female genital aesthetic surgery (aesthetic genital surgery, designer vaginas). London: British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS); [2011]. Available from: http://www.baaps.org.uk/procedures/aesthetic-genital-surgery (Erişim: 25.10.2017).
  • 10. Nappi R, Liekens G, Brandenburg U. Attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about the vagina: the International Vagina Dialogue Survey. Contraception. 2006;73(5):493-500.
  • 11. Açıkgöz F. Cinsel sağlığa yönelik hemşirelik yaklaşım modelleri. Androloji Bülteni 2011; 47: 305-7.
  • 12. Schick VR, Calabrese SK, Rima BN, Zucker AN. Genital appearance dissatisfaction: Implications for women's genital image self-consciousness, sexual esteem, sexual satisfaction, and sexual risk. Psychol Women Q 2010; 34(3):394-404.
  • 13. Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Matlock DL, Simopoulos AF, Dalton TA, Veale D et al. Evaluation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Women Undergoing Female Genital Plastic/Cosmetic Surgery. Aesthet Surg J 2016;36(9):1048–57.
  • 14. Barbara G, Facchin F, Meschia M, Vercellini P. “The first cut is the deepest”: a psychological, sexological and gynecological perspective on female genital cosmetic surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94(9):915-20.
  • 15. Goodman MP, Placik OJ, Benson RH, Miklos JR, Moore RD, Jason RA et al. A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery. J Sex Med 2010 7(4 Pt 1):1565-77.
  • 16. Miklos JR, Moore RD. Labiaplasty of the labia minora: patients' indications for pursuing surgery. J Sex Med 2008;5(6):1492-5.
  • 17. Braun V. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates. J Womens Health 2010;19(7):1393-407.
  • 18. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. RANZCOG College Statement: C-Gyn 24. Vaginal “Rejuvenation” and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures. 2008
  • 19. Goodman MP. Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review. J Sex Med 2011; 8:1813–25.
  • 20. Aleem S, Adams EJ. (2011). Labiaplasty. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2011; 22(2):50-3.
  • 21. Pauls R, Rogers R. Should gynecologists provide cosmetic labiaplasty procedure?, ACOG 2014; 211(3):218.
  • 22. Gonzales F, Dass D, Almeida B. Custom Flask Labiaplasty. Ann Plast Surg 2015;75(3):266-71.
  • 23. Karram MM. Vaginoplasty and Perineal Reconstruction. Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery 2015; 104:1159-66.
  • 24. Green FJ. From clitoridectomies to 'designer vaginas': the medical construction of heteronormative female bodies and sexuality through female genital cutting. Sexualities, Evolution and Gender. 2005; 7(2):153-87.
  • 25. Braun V. 'The women are doing it for themselves': the rhetoric of choice and agency around female genital 'cosmetic surgery'. Australian Feminist Studies. 2009; 24(60):233-49.
  • 26. Liao LM, Creighton SM. Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond? BMJ 2007; 334(7603):1090-2.
  • 27. Logmans A, Verhoeff A, Raap RB, Creighton F, van Lent M. Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? Who wants the procedure and why. BMJ 1998; 316(7129):459–60.
  • 28. Wei S, Li Q, Li S, Zhou C, Li F, Zhou Y, A new surgical technique of hymenoplasty. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015; 130:14-18.
  • 29. Balmforth J, Cardozo L. Designer vaginas. Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Women's Health 2006; (99):72-7.
  • 30. Millheiser LS, Pauls RN, Herbst SJ, Chen BH. “Radiofrequency treatment of vaginal laxity after vaginal delivery: nonsurgical vaginal tightening”. J Sex Med 2010; 7(9):3088–95.
  • 31. Tunuguntla HS, Gousse AE. “Female sexual dysfunction following vaginal surgery: a review”. J Urol 2006; 175(2):439–46.
  • 32. Adamo C, Corvi M. “Cosmeticmucosal vaginal tightening (lateral colporrhaphy): improving sexual sensitivity in women with a sensation of wide vagina”. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123(6):212–3.
  • 33. Abedi P, Jamali S, Tadayon M, Parhizkar S, Mogharab F. “Effectiveness of selective vaginal tightening on sexual function among reproductive aged women in Iran with vaginal laxity: a quasi-experimental study”. J Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 40(2):526–31.
  • 34. Ostrzenski A. Modified posterior perineoplasty in womean. J Reprod Med 2015; 60(3-4):109-16.
  • 35. Shindel AW, Goldstein I. Sexual function and dysfunction in the Female. Campbell-Walsh Urology 2016; 32:749-64.
  • 36. Ostrzenski A. Cosmetic gynecology in the view of evidence-based medicine and ACOG recommendations: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 284(3):617-30.
  • 37. Zuckerman D. Reasonably safe?: breast implants and informed consent. Reprod Health Matters 2010; 18(35):94-102.
  • 38. Goodman MP. Female cosmetic genital surgery. Obstetrics And Gynecology. 2009; 113(1):154-9.
  • 39. Michala L, Koliantzaki S, Antsaklis A. Protruding labia minora: abnormal or just uncool? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 32(3):154-6.
  • 40. Lynch A, Marulaiah M, Samarakkody U. Reduction labioplasty in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2008; 21(3):147-9.
  • 41. Küçükkaya PG. Estetik Cerrahide Ameliyat Öncesi Psikososyal Değerlendirmede Hemşirenin Rolü. J Psy Nurs 2011; 2(2):94-9.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Zeynep Daşıkan 0000-0002-0933-9647

Didem Kıratlı 0000-0002-1508-2884

Meryem Erdoğan

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date December 27, 2019
Acceptance Date January 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Daşıkan Z, Kıratlı D, Erdoğan M. Kadınların Genital Görünüm Memnuniyeti: Genital Kozmetik Cerrahi. JGON. 2019;16(4):238-43.