Gebelik Döneminde Makro ve Mikro Besin Öğelerinin Tüketiminin Önemi

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 158 - 173, 31.12.2024

Elif Bala , Funda Esin Çolak

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576608

Abstract

Gebelik döneminde beslenme, anne ve fetüs sağlığı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu dönemde fetal büyüme ve annenin metabolizmasındaki değişiklikler ile makro ve mikro besin ögeleri gereksinimleri artmaktadır. Gebenin günlük gereksinimi yaşına, fiziksel aktivite durumuna, gebelik öncesi ağırlığına ve besin depolarının yeterliliğine bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği için bireye özgü beslenme planı önerilmektedir. Bazı besin ögelerinin gereksinimi diyetle yeterli olarak sağlanamadığı durumlarda besin takviyeleri önerilebilmektedir. Ayrıca besin ögelerinin yeterli ve dengeli alınamaması sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda enerji kısıtlaması neonatal doğum ağırlığını azaltırken; yüksek protein alımı konjenital bozukluklara yol açmaktadır. Özellikle A vitamini, B vitaminleri, C ve E vitaminleri, D vitamini, folat, demir, kalsiyum, çinko ve iyot gibi mikro besin ögeleri gebelik sürecinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Araştırmalara göre kalsiyum yetersizliği gebe ve fetüs sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlara neden olduğu için besin takviyeleri ile desteklenmesi önerilmektedir. Ülkemizde nöral tüp defektini önlemek amacıyla gebelik öncesinde folat desteği; büyüme ve gelişme geriliğini, fetal ve maternal mortaliteyi ve morbiditeyi önlemek amacıyla ise demir takviyesi sağlık politikası uygulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu olumsuz etkilerin önlenebilmesi açısından kadınlar gebelik öncesi ve sonrası dönemde beslenme konusunda bilinçlendirilmelidir.
Bu derlemede gebelik döneminde makro ve mikro besin ögelerinin yetersiz ve fazla tüketimi sonucunda meydana gelen sağlık sorunları ve gerekli durumlarda takviye önerisi yapılan çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

Gebelik Dönemi, fetüs, beslenme, gereksinim, makro besin, mikro besin

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