Abstract
Introduction: Strabismus occurs as a result of the coordination disorder of the six muscles in the outer part of the eye. In case of hemianopia; half of the visual field is not seen and the same half area is perceived from each half of both eyes. The aim of this study is; to mimic these conditions artificially for the students to make them experience the patients’ difficulties and create empathy as well as to teach them the use of prisms in correcting these conditions. In accordance with this purpose, spectacles simulations were developed.
Material and Method: The mixed-method has used in this research. This study was attended by 25 students studying in the second year of the optician program of a university in Istanbul. The effects of the developing simulations on empathy with patients were evaluated with the students. After using these simulations for empathy teaching, empirical data concerning “Self-Assessment Survey for Simulators” and “Writing Essay” was collected.
Developing Simulations: This study two different simulations were developed. One of them is about strabismus and the others is about hemianopia. Spectacles simulations were arranged to simulate these disasters.
Teaching Process: As a teaching process, opticianry students worn these spectacles and complete some activities. The main feature is these activities is that strabismus and hemianopia patients have difficulties to complete.
Result: According to students’ view about the simulations they are convenient tools for empathy training for these patients. In addition, it was determined that the students using the simulation suggested compensatory strategies for the patients, they created awareness and empathy towards the patients.
Discussion: It is important for health program students to empathize with patients related to their field of study. It is recommended that the simulations developed in this research be used in the education of opticians and optometry students.
Keywords
References
- 1. Meister D, Sheedy JE. Introduction to ophthalmic optics. San Diego, CA: Carl Zeiss Vision. 2008.
- 2. Bayramlar H, Karadağ R, Çakıcı Ö, Bayramlar M. Prismotherapy in opthalmology. Medeniyet Medical Journal. 2015; 30(3): 127-133.
- 3. Ye XC, Pegado, V, Patel MS, Wasserman, WW. Strabismus genetics across a spectrum of eye misalignment disorders. Clinical Genetics. 2014; 86(2): 103-111.
- 4. Gunton KB, Brown A. Prism use in adult diplopia. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2012; 23(5): 400-404.
- 5. Perez AM, Jose, RT. The use of Fresnel and ophthalmic prisms with persons with hemianopic visual field loss. Journal of Vision Impairment & Blindness. 2003; 97(3): 173-176.
- 6. Williams D, Gassel MM. Visual function in patients with homonymous hemianopia part I: The visual fields. Brain Communications. 1962; 85(2): 175-250.
- 7. Bowers AR, Keeney K, Peli E. Randomized crossover clinical trial of real and sham peripheral prism glasses for hemianopia. JAMA Ophthalmolagy. 2014; 132(2): 214-222.
- 8. Smith A. Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. The psychological record. 2006; 56: 3-21.
- 9. DeCarlo DK, Shechtman, D. Teaching optometry students empathy for patients with low vision. Optometric Education. 2005; 31(1): 17-20.
- 10. Bearman M, Palermo C, Louise MB, Williams, B. Learning empathy through simulation. Society for Simulation in Healthcare. The journal of the society for simulation in healthcare. 2015; 10(5):308-319.
- 11. Bradley P. The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Medical education. 2006; 40(3): 254–262.
- 12. Chaffin AJ. Adams C. Creating empathy through use of hearing voice simulation. Clinical simultion in Nursing. 2013; 9(8): 293-304.
- 13. Mennenga HA, Bassett S, Pasquariello L. Empathy development through case study and simulation. Nurse education. 2016; 41(3): 139-142.
- 14. Eyman AS, Crawford, BD, Keller TM. ‘‘Take a walk in my shoes’’: Nursing students take a walk in older adults’ shoes to increase knowledge and empathy. Geriatric nursing. 2010: 31(2); 137-141.
- 15. Johnson RB, Onwuegbuzie AJ, Turner LA. Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 2007: 1(2); 112-133.
Abstract
Giriş: Strabismus, gözün dış kısmındaki altı kasın koordinasyon bozukluğu sonucu oluşur. Hemianopi durumunda ise görme alanının yarısı görülmez ve her iki gözün her iki yarısından da aynı yarım alan algılanır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; optisyenlik öğrencilerine bu hastaların yaşadıkları zorlukları yapay olarak yaşatarak, öğrencilerin hastalar ile empati kurmalarını sağlamaktır. Ayrıca bu hastalıkların rehabilitasyonunda prizmaların nasıl kullanıldığını açıklamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda simülasyon gözlükler geliştirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada karma model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, İstanbul’daki bir üniversitenin optisyenlik programında öğrenim gören 25 öğrenci katılmıştır. Geliştirilen simülasyonlar kullanılarak empati eğitimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ölçme aracı olarak Simülasyonlar için Değerlendirme Anketi ve kompozisyonlar kullanılmıştır.
Simülasyonların Geliştirilmesi: Araştırmada strabismus ve hemianopi ile ilgili birer tane gözlük simülasyon geliştirilmiştir. Simülasyonlar bu hastalıkları canlandıracak biçimde kalibre edilmiştir.
Öğretim Süreci: Araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler simülasyon gözlükleri takarak çeşitli etkinlikler gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu etkinlikler strabismus ve hemianopi hastalarının güçlük çektiği durumlar arasından seçilmiştir.
Sonuç Araştırma sonuçları öğrencilerin simülasyonları hastalarla empati kurmada başarılı bulduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca simülasyonu kullanan öğrencilerin hastalara yönelik telafi edici stratejiler önerdikleri, hastalara yönelik farkındalık oluşturdukları ve empati kurdukları tespit edilmiştir.
Tartışma Sağlık programı öğrencilerinin çalışma alanları ile ilgili hastalara karşı empati kurmaları önemlidir. Bu araştırmada geliştirilen simülasyonların optisyenlik ve optometri öğrencilerinin eğitiminde kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Meister D, Sheedy JE. Introduction to ophthalmic optics. San Diego, CA: Carl Zeiss Vision. 2008.
- 2. Bayramlar H, Karadağ R, Çakıcı Ö, Bayramlar M. Prismotherapy in opthalmology. Medeniyet Medical Journal. 2015; 30(3): 127-133.
- 3. Ye XC, Pegado, V, Patel MS, Wasserman, WW. Strabismus genetics across a spectrum of eye misalignment disorders. Clinical Genetics. 2014; 86(2): 103-111.
- 4. Gunton KB, Brown A. Prism use in adult diplopia. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2012; 23(5): 400-404.
- 5. Perez AM, Jose, RT. The use of Fresnel and ophthalmic prisms with persons with hemianopic visual field loss. Journal of Vision Impairment & Blindness. 2003; 97(3): 173-176.
- 6. Williams D, Gassel MM. Visual function in patients with homonymous hemianopia part I: The visual fields. Brain Communications. 1962; 85(2): 175-250.
- 7. Bowers AR, Keeney K, Peli E. Randomized crossover clinical trial of real and sham peripheral prism glasses for hemianopia. JAMA Ophthalmolagy. 2014; 132(2): 214-222.
- 8. Smith A. Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. The psychological record. 2006; 56: 3-21.
- 9. DeCarlo DK, Shechtman, D. Teaching optometry students empathy for patients with low vision. Optometric Education. 2005; 31(1): 17-20.
- 10. Bearman M, Palermo C, Louise MB, Williams, B. Learning empathy through simulation. Society for Simulation in Healthcare. The journal of the society for simulation in healthcare. 2015; 10(5):308-319.
- 11. Bradley P. The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Medical education. 2006; 40(3): 254–262.
- 12. Chaffin AJ. Adams C. Creating empathy through use of hearing voice simulation. Clinical simultion in Nursing. 2013; 9(8): 293-304.
- 13. Mennenga HA, Bassett S, Pasquariello L. Empathy development through case study and simulation. Nurse education. 2016; 41(3): 139-142.
- 14. Eyman AS, Crawford, BD, Keller TM. ‘‘Take a walk in my shoes’’: Nursing students take a walk in older adults’ shoes to increase knowledge and empathy. Geriatric nursing. 2010: 31(2); 137-141.
- 15. Johnson RB, Onwuegbuzie AJ, Turner LA. Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 2007: 1(2); 112-133.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 28, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |