Analysis of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in Surface Water, Ground Water and Vegetables through Gas Chromatography

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 167 - 173, 30.09.2018

Maryam Arain , Khan Muhammad Brohi Azizullah Channa Rafi O Zaman Brohi Sarmad Mushtaque Kundan Kumar Abdul Samuee

Abstract

This work is done with the purpose of
determining residual concentration of organophosphorus pesticide (Chlorpyrifos)
in vegetables (Okra, potato), surface water and ground water. Five samples of
each vegetable, ground water and surface water were collected randomly from
eight union councils (UCs) of tehsil Mehrabpur district Naushahro Feroze.
Pesticide residues were extracted and cleaned up using standard analytical
methods USEPA 3510C and USEPA 3620C, respectively. In continuation to this
samples were analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization detector
(GC-FID). Results showed that the residual concentration of selected pesticide
was not more than maximum residual limit (MRL) in ground water samples, maximum
value 16µg/L was found in UC5 while minimum was 3µg/L in UC2. Whereas, in
surface water higher residual concentrations were observed having maximum and
minimum values 91.2µg/L and 25µg/L, respectively. However, in vegetable samples
15% of okra and 20% of potato samples contained residual concentration within
MRL values and rest were found with higher concentrations. The presence of such
hazardous pesticides in vegetables is a serious threat to humans relying on
them for food. Therefore, it is very much necessary to regulate the use of
hazardous pesticides in recommended areas by conducting ongoing monitoring.

Keywords

Chlorpyrifos, Gas chromatography, Vegetable, Water, Gas chromatography

References

• Hester, R. E. & Harrison, R. M. (2016), Agricultural chemicals and the environment: issues and potential solutions, Royal Society of Chemistry. 43(2).
• Pujeri, U., Pujar, A., Hiremath, S., Pujari, K. & Yadawe, M. (2015), Analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables in Vijayapur, Karnataka India, World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 4(7), 1743-1750.
• Eskenazi, B., Rosas, L., Marks, A., Bradman, A., Harley, K. & Holland, N. (2008), Pesticide toxicity and the developing brain, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 102 (2), 228-236.
• Damalas, C. A. & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011), "Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators," International journal of environmental research and public health. 8(5), 1402-1419.
• Niaz, A., Sial, R., Yaseen, M., Mand, G., Javed, M., Ahmad, E., Ahmad, R. & Rahim, M. (2016), Determination of imidacloprid residues in rice from various districts of Punjab using high performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 26(1), 170-176.
• Masud, S. & Hassan, N. (1995), Study of fruits and vegetables in NWFP, Islamabad, and Balochistan for organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids pesticides residues, Pak J Sci Ind Res. 35, 499-504.
• Ngowi, A. V., Maeda, D. N. & Partanen, T. J. (2001), Assessment of the ability of health care providers to treat and prevent adverse health effects of pesticides in agricultural areas of Tanzania, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 14(4), 349-356.
• Rathod, A. L. & Garg, R. (2017), Chlorpyrifos poisoning and its implications in human fatal cases: A forensic perspective with reference to Indian scenario, Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 47, 29-34.
• Hussain, Z. & Siddique, S. (2010), Determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables using acetonitrile extraction and GC/MS Technique, Journal of Scientific Research. 40(2), 19-29.
• Beyer, A. & Biziuk, M. (2008), Applications of sample preparation techniques in the analysis of pesticides and PCBs in food, Food Chemistry. 108(2), 669-680.
• Anila I. Khan, Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides by GC, Application Note 20705, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn, UK, 2013.
• Hübschmann, H.-J. (2015), “Handbook of GC-MS” fundamentals and applications, John Wiley & Sons.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency, Method 3510 C, Sepratory Funnel Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Rivision 3, 1996.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency, Method 3620 C, Florisil Clean up, Revision 4, 2014.
• World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking water, Chapter 12 Chemical Aspects, 2011.