Improvement of Fungal Oil Production from Apple Processing Industry Wastewater

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 135 - 140, 30.06.2019

H. Duygu Bilgen , Süreyya Döşlü Çetinkaya

Abstract

Turkey has an important place in the world rankings in terms of apple production area and apple processing products. During the process, apple processing industries produce high amounts of fruit washing water with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and acidic properties, which are highly suitable for use as a fungal substrate. It is also known that fungal oils produced by oleaginous fungi from wastewaters is also suitable to produce low-cost biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In this study apple processing industry wastewater was used as an alternative substrate for Mucor circinelloides and C/N/P ratio was changed to improve fungal lipid production. Maximum oil content of dry fungal biomass was 17.7 %. Composition of fatty acids from the fungal oil were also analysed and gas chromatography analyses showed that the major fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1, 31.62%) which is very suitable for biodiesel production. Results of the study showed that fungal oil produced from the low-cost substrate apple processing industry wastewater can be useful as an alternative sources for different industries especially in the bio-energy for the future.

Keywords

Apple processing industry wastewater, Fungal oil, fatty acid, Mucor circinelloides, value-addition

Supporting Institution

Mersin Üniversitesi BAP

Project Number

2017-2-AP3-2387

Thanks

This study is part of a research project (2017-2-AP3-2387) funded by Mersin University, Department of Scientific Research Projects.

References

• Amoozegar M.A., Safarpour A., Noghabi K.A., Bakhtiary T. and Ventosa A., “Halophiles and Their Vast Potential in Biofuel Production”, Front. Microbiol. 10:1895. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01895, 2019.
• Annie L., Laurence M.C., Stéphanie M.S., Emmanuel C., Jean-Luc J., Georges B., Erwan C., “Comparative analysis of five Mucor species transcriptomes”, Genomics. 2018.
• Bhanja A., Minde G., Magdum S., Kalyanraman V., “Comparative Studies of Oleaginous Fungal Strains (Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma reesei) for Effective Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Oil Production”, Biotechnology Research International, 1-7. DOI:10.1155/2014/479370, 2014.
• Carota E., Crognale S., D’Annibale A., Gallo A.M., Stazi S.R., Petruccioli M., “A sustainable use of ricotta cheese whey for microbial biodiesel production”, Sci Total Environ., 584-585:554–60, 2017.
• Chan G. L, Cohen L. J., Ozturk G., Hannebelle M., Taha A.Y., de Moura Bell J.M.L.N., “Bioconversion of cheese whey permeate into fungal oil by Mucor circinelloides”, Journal of Biological Engineering, 12:25, 2018.
• Christi W. W., Han X., “Lipid Analysis- Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis”, vol. 24, fourth ed. The Oily Press Lipid Library, eBook ISBN: 9780857097866, 2010.
• Durrett T.P., Benning C., Ohlroogee J., “Plant triacylglycerols as feedstocks for the production of biofuels”, Plant Journal, May;54(4):593-607, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03442.x., 2008.
• Fan Y.Y. and Chapkin R.S., “Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition”. J Nutr. 128(9):1411–1414, 1998.
• Horrobin D.F.,”Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linolenic acid”, Prog Lipid Res. 31(2):163–194. doi: 10.1016/0163-7827(92)90008-7, 1992.
• Khot M., Kamat S., Zinjarde S., Pant A., ChopadeB., RaviKumar A., “Single cell oil of oleaginous fungi from the tropical mangrove wetlands as a potential feedstock for biodiesel”, Microbial Cell Factories, 11, 71-84,2012.
• Kim D.H., Yoo T.H., Lee S.H., Kang H.Y., Nam B.Y., Kwak S.J., Kim J.K., Park J.T., Han S.H., Kang S.W.,”Gamma linolenic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in diabetic nephropathy”, Yonsei Med J. 53(6):1165–1175. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1165, 2012.
• Lu H and Zhu Y., “Screening and molecular identification of overproducing gamma-linolenic acid fungi and cloning the delta 6-desaturase gene”, Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 62(3):316–322. doi: 10.1002/bab.1281, 2015.
• Mitra D., Rasmussen M.L., Chand P., Chintareddy V.R, Yao L., Grewell D., Verkade J.G., Wang T., van Leeuwen J.H., “Value-added oil and animal feed production from corn-ethanol stillage using the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides”, Bioresource Technology 107, 368–375, 2012.
• Owusu P. A. and Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., “A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation”, Cogent Engineering, 3:1167990, 1-14, 2016.
• Puyol D., Batstone D.J., Hülsen T., Astals S., Peces M. and Krömer J.O., “Resource Recovery from Wastewater by Biological Technologies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects”, Front. Microbiol. 7:2106.doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02106, 2017.
• Ratledge C., “Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production”, Biochimie. 86, 807–815, 2004.
• Sankaran S., Khanal S. K., Jasti N., Jin B., Pometto A. L., and Van Leeuwen J. H., “Use of filamentous fungi for wastewater treatment and production of high value fungal byproducts: a review”, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 40(5), 400–449, 2010.
• Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association /American Water Works Association /Water Environment Federation (APHA/AWWA/WEF), 21st ed. Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
• Sitepu R.I., Jin M., Fernandez J.E., da Costa Sousa L., Balan V. And Boundy-Mills K.L., “Identification of oleaginous yeast strains able to accumulate high intracellular lipids when cultivated in alkaline pretreated corn stover”, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. Sep; 98(17): 7645–7657, doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5944-8, 2014.
• Sitepu R.I., Sestric R., Ignata L., Levin D., German J.B., Gillies L.A., Amanda L.A.G., Boundy-Miles K.L, “Manipulation of culture conditions alters lipid content and fatty acidprofiles of a wide variety of known and new oleaginous yeast”, Bioresource Technology 144:360-369, 2013.
• Uçar K., Engindeniz S., Markovic T., Kokot Z., “Analysis of Changes in Apple Production in Turkey”, 27th International Scientific-Expert Congress of Agriculture and Food Industry, 26-28 September, Bursa-Turkey, pp:147-151, 2016.
• Vicente G., Bautista L.F., Rodríguez R., Gutiérrez F.J., Sádaba I., Ruiz-Vázquez R.M., Torres-Martínez S., and Garre V., “Biodiesel production from biomass of an oleaginous fungus”, Biochem. Eng. J. 48: 22–27, 2009.