THE PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH STATUS IN WOMEN WITH INTENDED AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 62 - 75, 27.10.2019

Özlem Aşcı , Fulya Gökdemir

Abstract

Pregnancy intention can change emotional response, psychological adjustment and care requirements for pregnancy. In a relatively few studies, the effect of pregnancy intention on psychosocial health and perceived social support was examined. This study aims to compare the perceived social support and psychosocial health in pregnant women according to their pregnancy intention. This descriptive study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Turkey. In the study, 342 women aged between 18-49 years who were in gestational age of >10 weeks were included. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). It was determined in the study that 31.6% of the women in the antenatal period continued an unintended pregnancy. PPHAS scores (3.69 vs. 3.91) and MSPSS scores (68.41 vs. 72.25) of the unintended pregnant women were lower than intended ones (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between MSPSS and PPHAS mean scores of women in both unintended (r=0.271, p=0.004) and intended pregnancies (r=0,181, p=0,006). Psychosocial health of both intended and unintended pregnant women varies depending on the characteristics related to the pregnancy, spouse relationship, anxiety, stress, domestic violence, and requirement of psychosocial health counseling (p<0.05). Healthcare professionals should consider that the women being in the antenatal period and having the history of unintended pregnancy may have less social support and more psychosocial health care needs while determining their care needs. 

Keywords

Maternal health, psychosocial health, social support, unintended pregnancy

References

• 1. Abajobir, A. A., Maravilla, J. C., Alati, R., Najman, J. M. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between unintended pregnancy and perinatal depression. J Affect Disord, 192(1), 56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.008
• 2. Abajobir, A. A., Alati, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J. M. (2017). Antecedents and maternal health outcomes of unintended pregnancy: a systematic review. Ethiop Med J, 55(4), 325-336.
• 3. Abdollahpour, S., Ramezani, S., Khosravi, A. (2015). Perceived social support among family in pregnant women. Int J Pediatr 2015, 3(5.1), 879-88. doi: 10.22038/IJP.2015.4703
• 4. Agida, T. E., Akaba, G. O., Ekele, B. A., Adebayo, F. (2016). Unintended pregnancy among antenatal women in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria. Niger Med J, 57(6), 334-338.
• 5. Akbarzadeh, M., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Zarshenas, L., Sharif, F. (2016). The women’s perceptions about unwanted pregnancy: a qualitative study in Iran. Glob J Health Sci, 8(5), 189-96. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p189
• 6. Aksay, Y., Gülhan, Y. B., Saygın, N., Körükcü, Ö. (2017). Gebelerin psikososyal sağlıkları doğum tercihini etkiler mi? (Is there any effect of psychosocial health of pregnant women on birth preference). GÜSBD, 6(4), 138-145.
• 7. Ali, A. (2016). Relationship between unwanted pregnancy and health-related quality of life in pregnant women. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 26(6), 507-512.
• 8. Asadi Sarvestani, K., Ahmadi, A., Enayat, H., Movahed, M. (2017). Level and factors related to unintended pregnancy with a brief review of new population policies in Iran. Iran J Public Health, 46(7), 973-981.
• 9. Atasever, I., Altun, O. S. (2017). Comparison of perceived social support and mental state of women according to their pregnancy wantedness. IJCS, 10(2), 781-793.
• 10. Bahadir-Yilmaz, E., Küçük, E. E. (2015). Unplanned and risk pregnancy, domestic violence and the psychosocial health status of pregnant women in North-East Turkey. IJCS, 8(3), 585-593.
• 11. Barton, K., Redshaw, M., Quigley, M. A., Carson, C. (2017). Unplanned pregnancy and subsequent psychological distress in partnered women: a cross-sectional study of the role of relationship quality and wider social support. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 17(1), 44. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1223-x
• 12. Bastola, K., Neupane, S., Hadkhale, K., Kinnunen, T. I. (2015). Unintended Pregnancy among Married Pregnant Women in Nepal. J Womens Health Issues Care, 4, 4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.1000197
• 13. Çapik, A., Pasinlioğlu, T. (2014). Diggerence of health practices between wanted and unwanded pregnancy. IJCS, 7(2), 508-519.
• 14. Demirbaş, H., Kadıoğlu, H. (2014). Adaptation to pregnancy in prenatal period women and factors associated with adaptation. MÜSBED, 4(4), 200-206. doi: 10.5455/musbed.20140902023654
• 15. Dibaba, Y., Fantahun, M., Hindin, M. J. (2013). The association of unwanted pregnancy and social support with depressive symptoms in pregnancy: evidence from rural Southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13(1), 135. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-135
• 16. Eker, D., Arkar, H., Yaldız, H. (2001). Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of revised form of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turk Psikiyatr Derg, 12(1), 17-25.
• 17. Erol. N., Durusoy, R., Ergin, I., Döner B., Çiçeklioğlu, M. (2010). Unintended pregnancy and prenatal care: A study from a maternity hospital in Turkey. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 15, 4, 290-300. https://doi.org/10.3109/13625187.2010.500424
• 18. Goossens, J., Van Den Branden, Y., Van der Sluys, L., Delbaere, I., Van Hecke, A., Verhaeghe, S., et al. (2016). The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy ending in birth, associated factors, and health outcomes. Hum Reprod, 31(12), 2821-2833.
• 19. Gümüşdaş, M., Apay, S. E., Özorhan, E. Y. (2014). Comparison of psycho-social health in pregnant women with and without risk. HSP, 1(2), 32-42.
• 20. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Development and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, 2014. Available from: 30.08.2018. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2013/rapor/TDHS_2013_main.report.pdf
• 21. Hall, J. A., Barrett, G., Phiri, T., Copas, A., Malata, A., Stephenson, J. (2016). Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Mchinji district, Malawi; Using a conceptual hierarchy to ınform analysis. PLoS One, 11(10), e0165621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165621
• 22. Ikamari, L., Izugbara, C., Ochako, R. (2013). Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among women in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19(13), 69. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-69
• 23. İşiten, N. H. Unexpected pregnancy. (2014). Turkiye Klinikleri J Fam Med-Special Topics, 5(5), 138-142.
• 24. Karaçam, Z., Önel, K., Gerçek, E. (2011). Effects of unplanned pregnancy on maternal health in Turkey. Midwifery, 27(2), 288-293. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2009.07.006. 25. Koyuncu, S. B., Yılmaz, S. D. (2015). Son trimester nullipar gebelerde bazi sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik özelliklerin psikososyal sağlik düzeyine etkisi (The effect of some socio-demographic and obstetric traits on psychosocial health status of nullipara pregnants at the last trimester). Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(2), 53-66.
• 26. Kroelinger, C. D., Oths, K. S. (2000). Partner support and pregnancy wantedness. Birth, 27(2), 112-119.27. Lakha, F., Glasier, A. (2006). Unintended pregnancy and use of emergency contraception among a large cohort of women attending for antenatal care or abortion in Scotland. Lancet, 368(9549), 1782-1787.
• 28. Maxson, P. J. , Edwards, S. E., Valentiner, E. M., Miranda, M. L. (2016). A multidimensional approach to characterizing psychosocial health during pregnancy. Matern Child Health J, 20(6), 1103-1113. doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1872-1
• 29. Mermer, G., Bilge, A., Yücel, U., Çeber, E. (2010). Evaluation of perceived social support levels in pregnancy and postpartum periods. J Psychiatric Nurs, 1(2), 71-76.
• 30. Özşahin, Z., Erdemoğlu, Ç., Karakayalı, Ç. (2018). Psychosocial health level and related factors in pregnancy. Jour Turk Fam Phy, 9(2), 34-46. doi: 10.15511/tjtfp.18.00234
• 31. Santelli, J., Rochat, R., Hatfield-Timajchy, K., Gilbert, B. C., Curtis, K., Cabral, R., et al. (2003). The measurement and meaning of unintended pregnancy. Perspect Sex Reprod Health, 35(2), 94-101.
• 32. Sedgh, G., Singh, S., Hussain, R. (2014). Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends. Stud Fam Plann, 45(3), 301-314. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00393.x.
• 33. Shahry, P., Kalhori, S. R. N., Esfandiyari, A., Zamani-Alavijeh, F. (2016). A comparative study of perceived social support and self-efficacy among women with wanted and unwanted pregnancy. Int J Commun Nurs Midwifery, 4(2), 176-185.
• 34. Tebekaw, Y., Aemro, B., Teller, C. (2014). Prevalence and determinants of unintended childbirth in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14, 326. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-32635. World Health Organization. WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2016. Available from 27.08.2018. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250796/9789241549912eng.pdf;jsessionid=9D894E6E6EB7BA3D5F29C8B78FBA2031?sequence=1
• 36. Yıldız, H. (2011). Gebelikte psikososyal sağlığı değerlendirme ölçeği geliştirme çalışması (Development study of the pregnancy psychosocial health assessment scale). Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 4(1), 63-74.
• 37. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess, 52, 30-41. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2