Characterization of Slaughterhouse Wastewaters and Evaluation of its Treatability

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 738 - 748, 01.06.2019

Dilara Öztürk , Erdinç Aladağ , Alper Erdem Yılmaz , Recep Boncukcuoğlu , Tuba Bayram

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.474743

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In this study, wastewater of a slaughterhouse which is located in Van is characterized and treatment alternatives are evaluated. For characterization; nitrate, sulfur trioxide, phosphate, ammonium nitrogen, chloride, suspended solids (SS), total organic carbon (TOC), total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (DCOD) and particulate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) parameters were investigated. According to the results; nitrate; 18.5 - 35.9 ppm, sulfur trioxide; 15.3 - 89.3 ppm, phosphate; 72.2 - 190.5 ppm, ammonium nitrogen; 20 - 38 ppm, chloride; 239.9 - 422.7 ppm, TSS; 475 - 1800 ppm, TOC; 4429 – 10 250 ppm, TC; 4535 – 10 494.6 ppm, IC; 105.7 - 244.6 ppm, TN; 800 - 1546 ppm, EC; 1.4 - 3.0 ms cm-1, pH; 7.0 - 8.2, TCOD; 17 626 – 23 268 ppm, DCOD; 13 658 – 18 029 ppm and PCOD; 3968 - 5239 ppm were found. At the same time, anaerobic, aerobic, advanced oxidation, dissolved air flotation, membrane filtration and electrochemical treatment processes are investigated for slaughterhouse wastewater which is proposed in literature. Due to the multiple composition (pharmaceuticals, organic matter, toxic substances, etc.) of the wastewater, it was observed that the single treatment processes did not provide sufficient treatment and it was concluded that more effective treatment was performed with the combined processes.

Keywords

Slaughterhouse wastewater, wastewater treatment, characterization of wastewater, wastewater treatment

Project Number

FHD-2016-5333

Mezbaha Atıksularının Karakterizasyonu ve Arıtılabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Van ilinde bulunan bir mezbahane tesisine ait atıksuyun karakterizasyonu yapılarak bu atıksu için arıtım alternatifleri değerlendirilmiştir. Atıksu karakterizasyonu için nitrat, kükürt trioksit, fosfat, amonyum azotu, klorür, askıda katı madde (AKM), toplam organik karbon (TOK), toplam karbon (TK), inorganik karbon (ĠK), toplam azot (TN), elektriksel iletkenlik (EĠ), pH, toplam kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (TKOĠ), çözünmüĢ kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (ÇKOĠ) ve partiküler kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (PKOĠ) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar; nitrat; 18.5 - 35.9 ppm, kükürt trioksit; 15.3 - 89.3 ppm, fosfat; 72.2 - 190.5 ppm, amonyum azotu; 20 - 38 ppm, klorür; 239.9 - 422.7 ppm, AKM; 475 - 1800 ppm, TOK; 4429 - 10250 ppm, TK; 4535 – 10 494.6 ppm, ĠK; 105.7 - 244.6 ppm, TN; 800 - 1546 ppm, EĠ; 1.4 - 3.0 ms cm-1, pH; 7.0 - 8.2, TKOĠ; 17 626 – 23 268 ppm, ÇKOĠ; 13 658 – 18 029 ppm ve PKOĠ; 3968 - 5239 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda mezbahane atıksuları için literatürde önerilen anaerobik, aerobik, ileri oksidasyon, çözünmüş hava flotasyonu, membran filtrasyonu, elektrokimyasal arıtım prosesleri incelenmiştir. Atıksuyun çoklu (farmasötikler, organik madde, toksik madde vb.) kompozisyonu sebebiyle tekli arıtım proseslerinin yeterli arıtımı sağlamadığı gözlenmiş ve kombine proseslerle daha etkili arıtım yapıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Mezbaha atıksuyu, atıksu karakterizasyonu, atıksu arıtımı

Supporting Institution

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel AraĢtırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

FHD-2016-5333

Thanks

Bu çalışma Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından FHD-2016-5333 no’lu Hızlı Destek Projesi ile desteklenmiştir.

References

• Aguilar M, Saez J, Llorens M, Soler A, Ortuno, J, 2002. Nutrient Removal and Sludge Production in the Coagulation-Flocculation Process, Water Research, 36(11): 2910-2919.
• Ahn Y, Kang S, Chae S, Lee C, Bae B, Shin H, 2007. Simultaneous High-Strength Organic and Nitrogen Removal With Combined Anaerobic Upflow Bed Filter and Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor, Desalination, 202(1-3): 114-121.
• Al-Mutairi N, Hamoda M, Al-Ghusain I, 2004. Coagulant Selection and Sludge Conditioning in a Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Plant, Bioresource Technology, 95(2): 115-119.
• Almandoz M, Pagliero C, Ochoa N, Marchese J, 2015. Composite Ceramic Membranes From Natural Aluminosilicates for Microfiltration Applications, Ceramics International, 41(4): 5621-5633.
• Awang Z, Bashir M, Kutty S, Isa M, 2011. Post-Treatment Of Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Electrochemical Oxidation, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15(2): 229-237.
• Barrera M, Mehrvar M, Gilbride KA, McCarthy LH, Laursen AE, Bostan V, Pushchak R, 2012. Photolytic Treatment of Organic Constituents and Bacterial Pathogens in Secondary Effluent of Synthetic Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 90(9): 1335-1350.
• Bayar S, Yildiz Y, Yilmaz A, Koparal AS, 2014. The Effect of Initial Ph on Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Method, Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(16-18): 3047-3053.
• Bazrafshan E, Mostafapour FK, Farzadkia M, Ownagh KA, Mahvi AH, 2012. Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment by Combined Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Process, PloS one, 7(6), e40108.
• Bohdziewicz J, Sroka E, 2005. Integrated System of Activated Sludge–Reverse Osmosis In the Treatment of the Wastewater From the Meat Industry, Process Biochemistry, 40(5): 1517-1523.
• Bustillo-Lecompte CF, Mehrvar M, 2015. Slaughterhouse Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment, and Management In the Meat Processing Industry: A Review on Trends and Advances, Journal of Environmental Management, 161: 287-302.
• Bustillo-Lecompte CF, Mehrvar M, Quiñones-Bolaños E, 2014. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of TOC Removal From Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Combined Anaerobic–Aerobic and UV/H2O2 processes, Journal of Environmental Management, 134: 145-152.
• Bustillo‐Lecompte CF, Knight M, Mehrvar M, 2015. Assessing The Performance of UV/H2O2 as A Pretreatment Process In TOC Removal of an Actual Petroleum Refinery Wastewater and Its Inhibitory Effects on Activated Sludge, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 93(5): 798-807.
• Caixeta CE, Cammarota MC, Xavier AM, 2002. Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment: Evaluation of A New Three-Phase Separation System In A UASB Reactor, Bioresource Technology, 81(1): 61-69.
• Cao W, Mehrvar M, 2011. Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment By Combined Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and UV/H2O2 processes, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89(7): 1136-1143.
• Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL, Hassell D, 2009. A Review on Anaerobic–Aerobic Treatment of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal, 155(1-2): 1-18.
• Chernicharo CD, 2006. Post-Treatment Options For the Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 5(1): 73-92.
• Coskun T, Debik E, Kabuk HA, Manav Demir N, Basturk I, Yildirim B, Temizel D, Kucuk S, 2016. Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using A Membrane Process, Water Reuse, And Economic Analysis, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(11): 4944-4951.
• Davarnejad R, Nasiri S, 2017. Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Using An Advanced Oxidation Process: Optimization Study, Environmental Pollution, 223: 1-10.
• De Nardi I, Fuzi T, Del Nery V, 2008. Performance Evaluation and Operating Strategies of Dissolved-Air Flotation System Treating Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(3): 533-544.
• De Sena RF, Tambosi JL, Genena AK, de FPM Moreira R, Schröder HF, José HJ, 2009. Treatment of Meat Industry Wastewater Using Dissolved Air Flotation and Advanced Oxidation Processes Monitored by GC–MS and LC–MS, Chemical Engineering Journal, 152(1): 151-157.
• Debik E, Coskun T, 2009. Use Of The Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) With Anaerobic Sludge to Treat Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater and Kinetic Modeling, Bioresource Technology, 100(11): 2777-2782.
• Del Pozo R, Diez V, 2005. Integrated Anaerobic–Aerobic Fixed-Film Reactor For Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment, Water Research, 39(6): 1114-1122.
• Edalatmanesh M, Mehrvar M, Dhib R, 2008. Optimization of Phenol Degradation In A Combined Photochemical–Biological Wastewater Treatment System, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 86(11): 1243-1252.
• Emamjomeh MM, Sivakumar M, 2009. Review of Pollutants Removed by Electrocoagulation and Electrocoagulation/Flotation Processes, Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5): 1663-1679.
• Erarslan S, 2006. Et entegre endüstrisi arıtılmış atıksularının deşarj kriterlerinin araştırılması, YTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• APHA, 2005. Standard Methods For The Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA. Fil BA, Boncukcuoğlu R, Yilmaz AE, Bayar S, 2014. Electro‐Oxidation of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewater Using Graphite Anode, CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 42(9): 1232-1238.
• Fongsatitkul P, Wareham D, Elefsiniotis P, Charoensuk P, 2011. Treatment of A Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Effect of Internal Recycle Rate On Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Removal, Environmental Technology, 32(15): 1755-1759.
• Resmi Gazete, 2009. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Karar No: 8289.
• Gürel L, Büyükgüngör H, 2011. Treatment of Slaughterhouse Plant Wastewater By Using A Membrane Bioreactor, Water Science and Technology, 64(1): 214-219.
• Ihara I, Umetsu K, Kanamura K, Watanabe T, 2006. Electrochemical Oxidation of The Effluent From Anaerobic Digestion Of Dairy Manure, Bioresource Technology, 97(12): 1360-1364.
• Jensen P, Yap S, Boyle-Gotla A, Janoschka J, Carney C, Pidou M, Batstone, D, 2015. Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors Enable High Rate Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 97: 132-141.
• Johns M, 1995. Developments In Wastewater Treatment In The Meat Processing Industry: A review, Bioresource Technology, 54(3): 203-216.
• Keskes S, Hmaied F, Gannoun H, Bouallagui H, Godon JJ, Hamdi M, 2012. Performance of A Submerged Membrane Bioreactor For The Aerobic Treatment of Abattoir Wastewater, Bioresource Technology, 103(1): 28-34.
• Khennoussi A, Chaouch M, Chahlaoui A, 2013. Traitement Des Effluents D’abattoir De Viande Rouge Par Électrocoagulation-Flottation Avec Des Électrodes En Fer, Revue des sciences de l’eau/Journal of Water Science, 26(2): 135-150.
• Kobya M, Senturk E, Bayramoglu M, 2006. Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewaters By Electrocoagulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1-3): 172-176.
• Kuşçu ÖS, Sponza DT, 2006. Treatment Efficiencies of A Sequential Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)/completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) System At Increasing P-Nitrophenol and COD Loading Rates, Process Biochemistry, 41(7): 1484-1492.
• Lovett D, Travers S, 1986. Dissolved Air Flotation For Abattoir Wastewater, Water Research, 20(4): 421-426.
• Mahtab A, Tariq M, Shafiq T, Nasir A, 2009. Coagulation/Adsorption Combined Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Desalination and Water Treatment, 12(1-3): 270-275.
• Manh LH, Dung NNX, Am LV, Minh BTL, 2014. Treatment Of Wastewater From Slaughterhouse By Biodigester and Vetiveria Zizanioides, Livestock Research for Rural Development, 26(4).
• Manjunath N, Mehrotra I, Mathur R, 2000. Treatment of Wastewater From Slaughterhouse By DAF-UASB System, Water Research, 34(6): 1930-1936.
• Massé D, Masse L, 2000. Characterization of Wastewater, Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 42(3): 139-146. Mehrvar M, Tabrizi GB, 2006. Combined Photochemical and Biological Processes For The Treatment of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate In Water, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A, 41(4): 581-597. Mehrvar M, Venhuis SH, 2005. Photocatalytic Treatment of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) In Water, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A, 40(5): 1003-1012.
• Mohajerani M, Mehrvar M, Ein‐Mozaffari F, 2012. Photoreactor Design and CFD Modelling of a UV/H2O2 Process For Distillery Wastewater Treatment, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 90(3): 719-729.
• Pan M, Henry LG, Liu R, Huang X, Zhan X, 2014. Nitrogen Removal From Slaughterhouse Wastewater Through Partial Nitrification Followed By Denitrification In Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactors At 11 C, Environmental Technology, 35(4): 470-477.
• Paramo-Vargas J, Camargo AME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Godinez LA, Peralta-Hernandez JM, 2015. Applying Electro-Fenton Process As An Alternative To A Slaughterhouse Effluent Treatment, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 754: 80-86.
• Ruiz I, Veiga MC, De Santiago P, Blazquez R, 1997. Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater In A UASB Reactor And An Anaerobic Filter, Bioresource Technology, 60(3): 251-258.
• Satyanarayan S, Ramakant, Vanerkar AP, 2005. Conventional Approach For Abattoir Wastewater Treatment, Environmental Technology, 26(4): 441-448.
• Tariqa M, Ahmada M, Siddiqueb S, Waheedb A, Shafiqa T, Khana MH, 2012. Optimization of Coagulation Process For The Treatment of The Characterized Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Series A: Physical Sciences, 55(1): 43-48.
• Tritt W, Schuchardt F, 1992. Materials Flow And Possibilities Of Treating Liquid And Solid Wastes From Slaughterhouses In Germany. A review, Bioresource Technology, 41(3): 235-245.
• Venhuis SH, Mehrvar M, 2005. Photolytic Treatment Of Aqueous Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 40(9): 1731-1739.
• Vidal J, Huiliñir C, Salazar R, 2016. Removal of Organic Matter Contained In Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using A Combination of Anaerobic Digestion And Solar Photoelectro-Fenton Processes, Electrochimica Acta, 210, 163-170.
• Wu PF, Mittal GS, 2012. Characterization of Provincially Inspected Slaughterhouse Wastewater In Ontario, Canada, Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 54.
• Yordanov D, 2010. Preliminary Study of The Efficiency of Ultrafiltration Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 16(6): 700-704.