Investigation of Wear and Friction Performance of Polyetheretherketone and its Composites against Polyester Matrix Thermoset Composite Material

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 450 - 463, 01.03.2021

Hüseyin Ünal , Kemal Ermiş

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.771418

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study aims to find the best wear resistant polymer or polymer composite pair that can be used in electrical contact breaker applications. For this, the pin-on-disc (PoD) wear test machine was used. Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) polymer and 20% and 30% by weight glass fiber (GF) reinforced PEEK composites were used as pin material. Long glass fiber reinforced and calcium carbonate mineral-filled unsaturated polyester composite material was used as the counterpart material. In the tribological experiments, while the effect of glass fiber reinforcement on wear was examined, the effect of the applied pressure was also investigated. The highest wear rate was obtained in PEEK+30% GF polymer composite with 4.42x10-14 m2 N-1 under 5.30 MPa pressure, while the lowest wear rate was obtained with 1.13x10-14 m2 N-1 under 1.77 MPa pressure. As a result of the study, it was determined that among the materials subjected to the wear test, the long glass fiber reinforced and calcium carbonate filled pure polyester composite material and the pure PEEK polymer pair were the most suitable pairs for electrical contact breaker applications.

Keywords

PEEK, Tribology, thermoplastics, composites, glass fiber

Polietereterketon ve Kompozitlerinin Polyester Matrisli Termoset Kompozit Malzemesine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Performanslarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, elektriksel kontak kesici uygulamalarında kullanılabilecek aşınmaya dayanıklı en iyi polimer veya polimer kompozit çiftini bulmayı hedeflemiştir. Bunun için disk üzerinde pim aşınma düzeneği kullanılmıştır. Pim malzemesi olarak katkısız poli-eter-eter-keton (PEEK) polimeri ile ağırlıkça %20 ve %30 oranında cam elyaf (CE) takviyeli PEEK kompozitleri kullanılmıştır. Karşı disk malzeme olarak ise uzun cam elyaf takviyeli ve kalsiyum karbonat mineral dolgulu doymamış polyester kompozit malzeme kullanılmıştır. Tribolojik deneylerde cam elyaf katkı oranının aşınmaya etkisi incelenmiş aynı zamanda uygulanan basıncın etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Tribolojik testler, oda sıcaklığında 1.77, 3.53 ve 5.30 MPa basınçlar altında ve 30 m/dak kayma hızında oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan, en yüksek aşınma oranı 5.30 MPa basınç altında 4.42x10-14 m2 N-1 değerine sahip PEEK+%30CE polimer kompozitinde elde edilmiştir. En düşük aşınma oranı ise 1.77 MPa basınç altında 1.13x10-14 m2 N-1 değeri ile katkısız PEEK polimerinde elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda teste tabi tutulan malzemeler arasında, uzun cam elyaf takviyeli ve kalsiyum karbonat dolgulu katkısız polyester kompozit malzemesi ile katkısız PEEK polimer çifti, elektrik kontak kesici uygulamaları için en uygun çift olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Triboloji, termoplastikler, kompozitler, PEEK, cam elyaf

References

• Anonim, 2008. Poliüretan Döküm Reçineleri, http://www.epoks.com.tr/urunlerimiz/poliuretan-dokum-recineleri/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 November 2020).
• Anonim, 2015. Epoksi, https://polikem.com/epoksi-c-5/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 November 2020).
• Anonim, 2015. Fenolik, https://polikem.com/fenolik-c-15 (Erişim Tarihi: 10 November 2020).
• Anonim, 2018. Doymamış Polyester Reçineler, http://www.izelkimya.com.tr/Urunler/273/doymamis-polyester-recineler/tr (Erişim Tarihi: 10 November 2020).
• Anonim, 2020. Mühendislik plastikleri, https://www.polikim.com.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2005. 9 Examples of Industrial Polymers You Probably Use Every Day, https://www.entrepreneur-resources.net/9-examples-of-industrial-polymers-you-probably-use-every-day (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2012. Peek (polyetheretherketone) – 30% glass filled, http://sterlingplasticsinc.com/materials/ peek-polyetheretherketone-30-glass-filled/ (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2015. High performance, https://www.victrex.com/~/media/datasheets/ victrex_tds_450gl30_ black.pdf (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2017. Ultramid, https://plastics-rubber.basf.com/global/en/performance_polymers/products/ ultramid.html (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2018. Polymer Properties Guide, https://www.dupont.com/knowledge/choosing-the-right-polymer.html (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2019. Automotive applications for PA66, https://www.ascendmaterials.com/products/brochures/ automotive-applications-for-pa66 (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2019. PEEK, https://nsb-polymers.de/tr/peek-polietereterketon/ (Date of access: 9 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Polyetheretherketone https://omnexus.specialchem.com/selection-guide/ polyetheretherketon e-peek-thermoplastic# (Date of access: 9 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Aircraft-aerospace, https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/aircraft-aerospace (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Carbon Fiber Compounds, https://www.rtpcompany.com/products/structural/carbon-fiber/cf/ (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Components (E/E, motors), https://www.celanese.com/en/industries/electrical-and-electronics/components (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Electrically insulating plastics, https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/plastic-material-selection/electrically-insulative (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. Materials Properties Guide, https://www.victrex.com/~/media/literature/en/material-properties-guide_us-4-20.pdf (Date of access: 9 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. PEEK (Polyarylethe-retherketone), https://www.bpf.co.uk/plastipedia/polymers/peek.aspx (Date of access: 9 November 2020).
• Anonymous, 2020. PP - Polypropylene, https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/industrial-plastics/pp (Date of access: 11 November 2020).
• Bahadur S, Tabor D, 1984. The wear of filled polytetrafluoroethylene. Wear, 98; 1-13.
• Bahadur S, Tabor D, 1985. Role of Fillers in the Friction and Wear Behaviour of High-Density Polyethylene in: LH. Lee (Ed), Polymer Wear and its control, ACS Symposium Series, Washington DC, 287; 253-268.
• Bijwe J, Logani CM, Tewari US, 1990. Influence of fillers and fibre reinforcement on abrasive wear resistance of some polymeric composites. Wear, 138: 77-92.
• Biron M, 2013. Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Composites, William Andrew Publisher, Elsevier Ltd. Oxford.
• Blanchet TA, Kennedy FE, 1991. Effects of oscillatory speed and mutual overlap on the tribological behavior of PTFE and selected PTFE-based self-lubricating composites. Tribol. Trans. 34: 327-334.
• Choon Kang S., Won Chung D, 2003. Improvement of Frictional Properties and Abrasive, Wear 254; 103–110.
• Cogswell FN, 2013. Termoplastic Aromatic Polymer Composites. Elsevier books, s.1-288, ISBN 9781483164762.
• Da Silva CH, Tanaka DK, Sinatora A, 1999. The Effect of Load and Relative Humidity on Friction Coeficient between HDPE on Galvanized Steel- Preliminary Results. Wear 225-229; 339-242.
• Friedrich K, (Ed.), 1986. Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites, Composite Materials Series, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• Gachter R, Müller H, 1993. Plastics Additives Handbook, Cincinnati: Hanser/Gardner Publications Inc.
• Ghazzawi YM, Osorio, AF, Heitzmann MT, 2020. The Effect of Fibre Length and Fibre Type on the Fire Performance of Thermoplastic Composites: The Behaviour of Polycarbonate as an Example of a Charring Matrix. Constructıon and Buıldıng Materıals, 234; Article Number: UNSP 117889.
• Hamilton S, Munoz-Escalona P, 2019. Enhancement of wear properties of a polyether ether ketone polymer by incorporation of carbon and glass fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(22): Article Number: 47587.
• Hooke CJ, Kukureka SN, Liao P, Rao M, Chen YK, 1996. The Friction and Wear Of Polymers İn Non-Conformal Contacts. Wear 200; 83-94.
• Horák Z, Fortelný I, Kolařík J, Hlavatá D, Sikora A, 2005. Polymer Blends, Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 12; 399–461.
• Hu X, 2000. Friction and Wear Behaviors of Toughned Polyoxymethylene Blend under Water Lubrication. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 39 (1); 137-150.
• Hutchings IM, 1992. Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. Edward Arnold, London,publisher pp.51.
• Ji SJ, Yu HJ, Zhao J, Liang FS, 2015. Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone. Strength of Materials, 47(1); 198-204.
• Kauss HH, (Ed.), 1993. Advanced Thermoplastic Composites: Characterization and Processing, Hanser, Munich,
• Kinvi-Dossou G, Boumbimba RM, Bonfoh N, Garzon-Hernandez S, Garcia-Gonzalez D, Gerard P, Arias, A, 2019. Innovative Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites versus Conventional Composites: Improving The İmpact Performances. Composıte Structures, 217; 1-13.
• Kohan MI, 1995. Nylon Plastics Handbook. New York: Hanser Pub Inc.
• Kyu T, Zhou ZL, Zhu GC, Tajuddin Y, Qutubiddin S, 1996. Novel filled polymer composites prepared from in situ polymerization via a colloidal approach: I. Kaolin/Nylon‐6 in situ composites. Journal of Polymer Science. Part B: Polymer Physics, 34; 1761-1768.
• Lawrence CC, Stolarski TA, 1989. Rolling Contact Wear of Polymers: A Preliminary Study. Wear 132; 83-91.
• Lewis MWJ, 1986. Friction and wear of PTFE-based reciprocating seals. Lubric. Eng., 42: 152-158.
• Li DX, Deng X, Wang J, Yang J, Li X, 2010. Wear, 269(3-4); 262–268.
• Ludema KC, Tabor D, 1966. The Friction and Visco-Elastic Properties of Polymeric Solids. Wear, 9(5); 329-348.
• Meddad A, Fisa B, 1997. Stress‐strain behavior and tensile dilatometry of glass bead‐filled polypropylene and polyamide 6. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 64(4); 663-665.
• Nielsen LE, 1974. Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, New York: Marcel Dekker.
• Pecorini TJ, Hertzberg RW, 1994. The fracture behavior of rubber‐toughened, short‐fiber composites of nylon 6,6, Polymer Composites, 15; 174–183.
• Plamen GM, Ciprian TD, Stephen JP, Alexandros DG, 2005. Mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic blends, Polymer, 46; 3895-3905.
• Pukanszky B, 1990. Influence of interface interaction on the ultimate tensile properties of polymer composites. Composites, 21(3);255–262.
• Samyn P, De Baets P, Schoukens G, Hendrickx B, 2003. Tribological behavior of pure and graphite‐filled polyimides under atmospheric conditions, Polymer Engineering and Science 43(8); 1477–1487.
• Santner E, Czichos H, 1989. Tribology of Polymers. Tribology International; 22(2); 103-109.
• Shiao, ML, Nair SV, Garrett PD, Pollard RE, 1994. Polymer, 35(2); 306–314.
• Sun HF, Yang XJ, Wei K, Wu YZ, Fang WJ, 2019. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of continuous glass fiber-reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 138(1); 369-378.
• Taesler R, Wittich H, Schulte K, Kricheltorf HR, 1996. J Appl Polym Sci 61:783.
• Tanaka H, 1999. Shear viscosity of nylon 6 melts reinforced with microfibrous calcium silicate hydrate, Polymer. Engineering Science, 39; 817 – 824.
• Tanaka K, Kawakami S, 1982. Effect of various fillers on the friction and wear of polytetrafluoroethylene-based composites. Wear, 79: 221-234.
• Tewari US, Sharma SK, Vasudevan P, 1989. Rev. Macromolecules Chemical Phys. 29(1); 1-38.
• Tjong SC, Meng YZ, 1999. Properties and morphology of polyamide 6 hybrid composites containing potassium titanate whisker and liquid crystalline copolyester, Polymer 40(5); 1109-1117.
• Unal H, Mimaroglu A, 2003. Friction and Wear Behavior of Unfilled Engineering Thermoplastics. Materials&Design, 24; 183-187.
• Unal H, Mimaroglu A, Alkan M, 2004. Mechanical properties and morphology of nylon‐6 hybrid composites, Polymer International, 2004, 53(1); 56–60.
• Washabourg FJ, 1987. Surface treated kaolins for engineering thermoplastics, 42nd Annual Conference, February 2-6.
• Watanabe M, 1968. The Friction and Wear Properties of Nylon, Wear l10; 379-388.
• Wiebeck H, Borrely DF, Xavier C, Santos PS, Asciutti SA, Correa MP, 1998. The effect of silane coupling agents on a composite polyamide-6/talc, Brezillian Journal of Chemical Engineering 15(4); 406–409.
• Xing Z, 1996. Fly ash as a filler for thermoplastics, fuel and Energy Abstracts 37(3); 185.
• Xu Z, Wang GB, Hu JZ, Zhang M, Zhang SL, Gai XZ, Li YG, Yu R, Luan JS, 2018. Influence of processing conditions on tensile property of continuous glass fiber-reinforced PEEK composites fabricated by the co-wrapped yarn method. High Performance Polymers, 30(4); 489-499.
• Yamaguchi Y, 1990. Tribology of Plastic Materials: their characteristics and applications to sliding components. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Yang X, Wu Y, Wei K, Fang WJ, Sun HF, 2018. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of short glass fiber reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) composites. Materials, 11(11): Article Number: 2094.
• Yuanjian T, Isaac DH, 2008. Combined impact and fatigue of glass fiber reinforced composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(3); 505-512.
• Zsidai L, Katai L, 2016. Abrasive wear and abrasion testing of PA 6 and PEEK composites in small-scale model system. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 13(6); 197-214.
• Zweifel H, Maier R, Schiller M, 2009. Plastics Additives Handbook, 6th Edition. Cincinnati, OH: Hanser Gardner Publications.