Bakla Bitkilerinde Kök Çürüklüğüne Neden Olan Rhizoctonia Türlerinin Anastomosis Grupları ve Patojeniteleri

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 550 - 562, 01.06.2022

Tuba Genç Kesimci , Cafer Eken , Erkol Demirci

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1067642

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bakla bitkilerinden izole edilen Rhizoctonia spp. izolatlarının patojenitelerini ve anastomosis gruplarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bitkilerin kök boğazı ve gövdelerinin alt kısımlarından yapılan izolasyonlar sonucu 43 Rhizoctonia izolatı elde edilmiş ve anastomosis grupları (AG) belirlenmiştir. Bu izolatların %48.8’inin Rhizoctonia solani, %51.2’sinin binükleik Rhizoctonia olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen 21 R. solani izolatının AG-2 (1 izolat), AG-4 (8 izolat) ve AG-5 (12 izolat); 22 binükleik Rhizoctonia izolatının ise AG-K gruplarına ait olduğu saptanmıştır. Seçilen izolatlar ile in vitro şartlarda patojenite denemesi kurulmuş, R. solani ve binükleik Rhizoctonia izolatlarının virülenslik seviyelerinde farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. R. solani izolatlarının virülenslikleri yüksek olarak bulunurken, binükleik Rhizoctonia izolatlarının virülenslikleri ise zayıf olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen Rhizoctonia türlerinin anastomosis gruplarının tümü Türkiye’de bakla bitkilerinde ilk defa tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Anastomosis grup, bakla, patojenite, Rhizoctonia

Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia Species Causing Root Rot on Faba Bean Plants

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine anastomosis groups and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolates from faba bean plants. Totally, 43 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained from root crown and/or basal stems of plants and their anastomosis groups (AGs) were identified. Of these isolates, 48.8% were Rhizoctonia solani, and 51.2% were binucleic Rhizoctonia. Twenty one R. solani isolates were identified as AG-2 (1 isolate), AG-4 (8 isolates) and AG-5 (12 isolates); 22 binucleic Rhizoctonia isolates were identified as AG-K. Pathogenicity experiment was conducted with the selected isolates under in vitro conditions, and it was found that differences in virulence levels between R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates. While isolates of R. solani were found to be highly virulent, binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates were determined as weakly virulent. All of the anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia species obtained in this study were determined for the first time on faba bean plants in Turkey.

Keywords

Anastomosis group, faba bean, pathogenicity, Rhizoctonia

References

• Abdel-Kader M, El-Mougy N, Lashin S. 2011. Essential Oils and Trichoderma harzianum as an Integrated Control Measure Against Faba Bean Root Rot Pathogens. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 51(3):306-313.
• Abo-Shady AM, 2008. Effect of Anabaena subcylindrica filtrate on the Growth of Faba Bean Cultivated in Non-Infested or Infested Soil by Rhizoctonia solani. The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany), 4(0): 13-22.
• Ademe A, Ebabuye Y, Gelaye M, Gezachew S, Telahun G, 2018. Survey of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Diseases in Major Faba Bean Growing Districts of North Gondar. African Journal of Plant Science, 12(2): 32-36.
• Akem C, Bellar M, 1999. Survey of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Diseases in The Main Faba Bean-Growing Regions of Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 17(2): 113-116.
• Afshari N, Hemmati R, Sheikh F, 2020. Characterization of Fusarium avenaceum from Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Iran, Genetic Diversity, Aggressiveness, and Cultivar Evaluation. Journal of Plant Pathology, 102(1): 135-142.
• Akladious SA, Gomaa EZ, El-Mahdy OM, 2019. Efficiency of Bacterial Biosurfactant for Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) Causing Root Rot in Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 153(1): 15-35.
• Anonim, 2015. Yemeklik Baklagiller, https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Belgeler/ yemeklik_ baklagil_ kitabi.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.01.2022).
• Assunção IP, Nascimento LD, Ferreira MF, Oliveira FJ, Michereff SJ, Lima GS, 2011. Reaction of Faba Bean Genotypes to Rhizoctonia solani and Resistance Stability. Horticultura Brasileira, 29(4): 492-497.
• Aydın MH, Ünal F, 2021. Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Isolates Isolated from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Saplings in Siirt Province, Turkey, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(1): 18-26.
• Azimi S, Farokhi NR, Mousavı JS, 2005. Isolation and Pathogenicity of Some Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia Associated with Faba Bean Root and Crown in Khuzestan Province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 41(3):329-343.
• Balali GR, Kowsari M, 2004. Pectic Zymogram Variation and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 to Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Isolates in Isfahn, Iran. Mycopathologia, 58(3): 377-384.
• Bandoni RJ, 1979. Safranin O as a Rapid Nuclear Stain for Fungi. Mycologia, 71: 873-874.
• Bandy BP, Leach SS, Tavantzis SM, 1988. Anastomosis Group 3 is the Major Cause of Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato in Maine. Plant Disease, 72(7): 596-598.
• Belete E, Ayalewb A, Ahmed S, 2013. Associations of Biophysical Factors with Faba Bean Root Rot (Fusarium solani) Epidemics in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia. Crop Protection, 52:39-46.
• Botha A, Denman S, Lamprecht SC, Mazzola M, Crous PW, 2003. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia Isolates Associated with Black Root Rot of Strawberries in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Australasian Plant Pathology, 32(2): 195-201.
• Carling DE, Baird RE, Gitaitis RD, Brainard KA, Kuninaga S, 2002. Characterization of AG-13, a Newly Reported Anastomosis Group of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 92(8): 893-899.
• Carling DE, Pope EJ, Brainard KA, Carter DA, 1999. Characterization of Mycorrhizal Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from an Orchid, Including AG-12, A New Anastomosis Group. Phytopathology, 89(10): 942-946.
• Carling DE, Rothrock CS, MacNish GC, Sweetingham MW, Brainard KA, Winters SW, 1994. Characterization of Anastomosis Group 11 (AG-11) of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 84(12): 1387-1393.
• Chang KF, Conner RL, Hwang SF, Ahmed HU, McLaren DL, Gossen BD, Turnbull GD, 2014. Effects of Seed Treatments and Inoculum Density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on Seedling Blight and Root Rot of Faba Bean. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 94(4): 693-700.
• Christopher JD, SuthinRaj T, UshaRani S, Udhayakumar R, 2010. Role of Defense Enzymes Activity in Tomato as Induced by Trichoderma virens against Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. lycopersici. Biopesticides, 3(1): 158-162.
• Demirci E, Döken MT, 1992. Erzurum Yöresinde Patateslerden İzole Edilen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn’nin Anastomosis Gruplarında Hif Birleşme Tiplerinin İncelenmesi. Kükem Dergisi, 15: 33-38.
• Demirci E, Döken MT, 1993. Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Isolates from Potatoes in Erzurum-Türkiye. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology. 22(2-3): 95-102.
• Demirci E, Döken MT, 1995. Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates from Various Crops in Türkiye. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 24(2): 57-62.
• Djébali N, Elkahoui S, Taamalli W, Hessini K, Tarhouni B, Mrabet M, 2014. Tunisian Rhizoctonia solani AG3 Strains Affect Potato Shoot Macronutrients Content, Infect Faba Bean Plants and Show in vitro Resistance to Azoxystrobin. Australasian Plant Pathology, 43(3):347-358.
• Dong W, Li Y, Duan C, Li X, Naito S, Conner RL, Yang G, Li C, 2017. Identification of AG-V, A New Anastomosis Group of Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. from Taro and Ginger in Yunnan Province. Europen Journal of Plant Pathology, 148 (4): 895-906.
• Eken C, Demirci E, 2004. Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia Isolates from Bean in Erzurum, Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 86(1): 49-52.
• Eken C, Genç T, Kaymak Ç, 2011. First Report of Root Rot of Faba Bean Caused by Rhizoctonia zeae in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 93(4):71.
• Eken C, Tuncer S, 2019. Rhizoctonia Species and Anastomosis Groups Isolated from Tomato and Cucumber in Erzincan, Turkey. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 6(6): 26-31.
• Elwakil MA, El-Refai IM, Awadallah OA, El-Metwally MA, Mohammed MS, 2009. Seed-borne Pathogens of Faba Bean in Egypt: Detection and Pathogenicity. Plant Pathology Journal, 8(3): 90-97. Erper, 2003. Samsun İlinde Bazı Baklagil Bitkilerinde Saptanan Rhizoctonia Grubu Fungusların Anastomosis Grupları, Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Patojeniteleri, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi (Basılmamış).
• Erper I, Hatat Karaca G, Ozkoc I, 2008. Root Rot Disease Incidence and Severity on Some Legume Species Grown in Samsun and the Fungi Isolated from Roots and Soils. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 41 (7): 501-506.
• Erper I, Ozer G, Kalendar R, Avci S, Yildirim E, Alkan M, Turkkan M, 2021. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Isolates Associated With Red Cabbage in Samsun (Turkey). Journal of Fungi,7(3): 234.
• Genç Kesimci T, Eken C, Kaymak HÇ, 2016. Bakla (Vicia faba) Çeşitlerinde Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Kök Çürüklüğü ve Solgunluk Funguslarına Etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 29(3): 93-97.
• Helmy MM, Emad G, Samir ED, Mostafa MH, 2015. Phenotypic Diversity and Molecular Identification of the Most Prevalent Anastomosis Group of Rhizoctonia solani Isolated from Diseased Faba Bean Plants. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1): 47-55.
• Jensen ES, Peoples M, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, 2010. Faba bean in Cropping Systems. Field Crops Research, 115(3): 203–216.
• Khalil M, Ashmawy E, 2021. Efficacy of Sulfur, Copper and Rhizobium leguminosarum against Faba Bean Damping-off Caused by Fusarium solani. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 99(2): 180-189.
• Köpke U, Nemecek T, 2010. Ecological Services of Faba Bean. Field Crops Research, 115(3): 217-233.
• Kuramae EE, Buzeto AL, Ciampi MB, Souza NL, 2003. Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in Lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in Tomato and Melon, and AG 4 HG-III in Broccoli and Spinach, in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109(4): 391-395.
• López-Bellido FJ, López-Bellido L. López-Bellido RJ, 2005. Competition, Growth and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 23(4): 359-378.
• Mahmoud YA, Gaafar RM, Mubarak HM, 2007. Genetic Diversity Among Nile Delta Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Based on Pathogenicity, Compatibility, Isozyme Analysis and Total Protein Pattern. Turkish Journal of Botany, 31(1): 19-29.
• Manici LM, Bonora P, 2007. Molecular Genetic Variability of Italian Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. Isolates from Strawberry. European Journal of Plant Pathology,118(1): 31-42.
• Misawa T, Kurose D, 2019. Anastomosis Group and Subgroup Identification of Rhizoctonia solani Strains Deposited in NARO Genebank, Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 85(4): 282-294.
• Mitiku M, 2017. Management of Root Rot Diseases of Cool Season Food Legumes With Special Emphasis on Lentil (Lens culinaris), Faba Bean (Vicia faba) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 7(7):14-20.
• Mohamed M, 2017. Potentiality of Binucleate Rhizoctonia Isolates as Root Rot Causing Pathogens on Faba Bean. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 45(1): 201-214. Mohamed MH, Gado EAM, El-Deeb SH, Mostafa MH, 2014. Effect of Nitrate Levels as a Fertilizer or as a Fungal Nutrition on the Aggressiveness of Rhizoctonia solani on Faba Bean. European Journal of Advanced Research in Biological and Life Sciences, 2(2):1-13.
• Muyolo NG, Lipps PE, Schmitthenner AF, 1993. Anastomosis Grouping and Variation in Virulence Among Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Dry Bean and Soybean in Ohio and Zaire. Phytopathology, 83(4): 438-444.
• Omar SAM, 1986. Pathological Studies on Root Rot Disease of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). Faba Bean Information Service, 14: 34-37.
• Omar SA, Abd-Alla MH, 2000. Physiological Aspects of Fungi Isolated from Root Nodules of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). Microbiological Research,154(4): 339-347.
• Parmeter JR, Sherwood RT, Platt WD, 1969. Anastomosis Grouping Among Isolates of Thanatephorus cucumeris. Phytopathology, 59(9): 1270-1278.
• Paul SK, Gupta DR, Mahmud NU, Muzahid ANM, Islam T, 2022. First Report of Collar and Root Rot of Faba Bean Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IIIB in Bangladesh. Plant Disease, https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1603-PDN.
• Rashid KY, Bernier CC, 1993. Genetic Diversity Among Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani and Sources of Resistance in Vicia faba. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 15(1): 23-28.
• Sharon M, Kuninaga S, Hyakumachi M, Sneh B, 2006. The Advancing Identification and Classification of Rhizoctonia spp. Using Molecular and Biotechnological Methods Compared with the Classical Anastomosis Grouping. Mycoscience, 47(6): 299-316.
• Sharon M, Freeman S, Kuninaga S, Sneh B, 2007. Genetic Diversity, Anastomosis Groups and Virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. from Strawberry. Europen Journal of Plant Pathology, 117(3): 247-265.
• Sharon M, Kuninaga S, Hyakumachi M, Naito S, Sneh B, 2008. Classification of Rhizoctonia spp. Using rDNA-ITS Sequence Analysis Supports the Genetic Basis of The Classical Anastomosis Grouping. Mycoscience, 49(2): 93-114.
• Sneh B, Burpee L, Ogoshi A, 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Stoddard FL, Nicholas AH, Rubiales D, Thomas J, Villegas-Fernández AM, 2010. Integrated Pest Management in Faba Bean. Field crops research, 115(3): 308-318.
• Vasić T, Živković S, Marković J, Stanojević I, Filipović S, Terzić D, 2019. Phytopathogenic Fungi Causers Fungal Diseases of The Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Serbia. Biologica Nyssana, 10(1): 17-21.
• Valentín Torres S, Vargas MM, Godoy-Lutz G, Porch TG, Beaver JS, 2016. Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Can Produce Both Web Blight Root Rot Symptoms in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant disease, 100(7): 1351-1357.
• Yang YG, Zhao C, Guo ZJ, Wu XH, 2015. Characterization of A New Anastomosis Group (AG-W) of Binucleate Rhizoctonia, Causal Agent for Potato Stem Canker. Plant Disease 99(12): 1757-1763. Yildiz A, Döken MT, 2002. Anastomosis Group Determination of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (telemorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) Isolates from Tomatoes Grown in Aydin, Turkey Their Disease Reaction on Various Tomato Cultivars. Journal of Phytopathology,150(10): 526-528.
• Zhao C; Li Y; Liu H; Li S; Han C, Wu X, 2019. A binucleate Rhizoctonia Anastomosis Group (AG-W) is the Causal Agent of Sugar Beet Seedling Damping-off Disease in China. Europen Journal of Plant Pathology 155(1): 53–69.