Detection of Fake News Published on the Internet Using Artificial Intelligence Based Natural Language Processing Approach

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 02.03.2022

Mesut Toğaçar , Kamil Abdullah Eşidir , Burhan Ergen

https://doi.org/10.38016/jista.950713

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Fake news is fabricated news that spread consciously or unconsciously through various communication channels and has no real share. Today, the masses receive most news on digital and social media. In such communication environments, where news can be transferred to the masses quickly, the accuracy of this news can often be abused. News of unknown origin can cause serious problems in societies by making disinformation or misinformation. Especially, fake news exposed to information pollution in the internet environment can show its effect on society very quickly. To prevent such problems in digital environments, an artificial intelligence-based approach that can grasp the accuracy of the news and confirm it quickly is proposed in this study. In addition, a classification analysis was performed using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) method, a sub-branch of artificial intelligence, to determine whether the news was real or false using the dataset that was accessible. The dataset consisted of 6335 news headlines and content. While 3171 of this news is real news; 3164 is fake news. In the analysis of the study, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model was used together with the NLP method and the training of the dataset was carried out with this model. As a result, the overall accuracy success from the training data was 99.83%, and the overall accuracy success from the test data was 91.48%. These results show us that similar studies that we plan to think about in the future have been promising.

Keywords

Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Fake News, Deep Learning, News Classification

Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Doğal Dil İşleme Yaklaşımını Kullanarak İnternet Ortamında Yayınlanmış Sahte Haberlerin Tespiti

Abstract

Sahte haber, bilinçli veya bilinçsiz bir şekilde çeşitli iletişim kanallarını kullanarak yayılan ve hiç bir gerçeklik payı olmayan uydurma haberlerdir. Günümüzde kitleler çoğu haberleri dijital ve sosyal medya üzerinden alıyorlar. Haberlerin hızlı bir şekilde kitlelere aktarabildiği bu tür iletişim ortamlarında çoğu zaman bu haberlerin doğruluğu suiistimal edinilebiliyor. Kökeni bilinmeyen haberler dezenformasyon veya yanlış bilgilendirme yapılarak toplumlarda ciddi sorunlar oluşturabilmektedir. Özellikle internet ortamında bilgi kirliliğine maruz kalan sahte haberler çok hızlı bir şekilde topluma etkisini gösterebilmektedir. Dijital ortamlarda bu tür problemlerin önüne geçilebilmesi için haberlerin doğruluğunu kavrayabilen ve hızlı bir şekilde teyit eden yapay zekâ tabanlı bir yaklaşım bu çalışmada önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, yapay zekânın bir alt dalı olan Doğal Dil İşleme (DDİ) yöntemi ile erişime açık veri setini kullanarak haberlerin gerçek veya sahte olduğunu tespit eden sınıflandırma analizi gerçekleştirildi. Veri seti, 6335 haber başlığı ve içerikten oluşmaktadır. Bu haberlerin 3171'i gerçek haber niteliği taşırken; 3164'ü ise sahte haber niteliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın analizinde DDİ yöntemi ile birlikte Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek (UKSB) modeli kullanıldı ve veri setinin eğitimi bu model sayesinde gerçekleştirildi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada eğitim verilerinden elde edilen genel doğruluk başarısı % 99,83 idi ve test verilerinden elde edilen genel doğruluk başarısı % 91,48 idi. Bu sonuçlar bize gösteriyor ki gelecekte düşünmeyi planladığımız benzeri çalışmalara umut verici olmuştur.

Keywords

Doğal Dil İşleme, Yapay Zekâ, Sahte Haber, Derin Öğrenme, Haber Sınıflandırma

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