Doğal Gaz Borularının Kaynak Mukavemetine Kaynak Yöntemlerinin ve Bileşik Takviyesinin Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 588 - 597, 26.12.2023

Rıza Kara , Fatih Çolak , Gökhan Yıldırım , Hakan Furkan Aksu

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1388504

Abstract

Bu çalışmada doğal gaz boruları için uygulanan kaynak işleminin uygulanabilirliği için 1/2 inç çapında, 2,8 mm kalınlığındaki API 5L X52 çelik boru 100 mm uzunluğunda kesilerek kaynak ağızları açılmıştır. Hazırlanan parçalar belirli kaynak yöntemleriyle (oksi-gaz, elektrik ark ve MAG) kaynak yapılmıştır. Uygulanan kaynaklar kaynak bölgesine silisyum karbür (SiC) takviyesi yapılmadan ve SiC takviyesi yapılarak iki şekilde uygulanmıştır. Kaynak sonrası elde edilen numuneler mikro yapı, çekme, yorulma ve sertlik deneyleri için standartlara uygun olarak hazırlanarak mekanik testler uygulanmıştır. En yüksek akma dayanımı, SiC takviyesi yapılarak rutil elektrod kullanılarak elektrik ark kaynağı yapılan numunede elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen numunelerden SiC takviyeli kaynaklı numunelerin mekanik özeliklerinde iyileşme olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

API 5L X52 çeliği, Kaynak yöntemleri, Mekanik özellikler, SiC

Effect of Welding Methods and Compound Reinforcement Used in Joining Natural Gas Pipes on Weld Strength

Abstract

In this study, API 5L X52 steel pipe with a diameter of 1/2 inch and a thickness of 2.8 mm was cut into a 100 mm length and the weld grooves were machined for the weldability with different welding processes using SiC additions. The steel pipes were welded with welding methods of oxy-gas, electric arc and MAG. The specimens were welded in two ways: with and without silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement. The welded samples were prepared for microstructure, tensile, fatigue and hardness tests in accordance with the standards and mechanical tests were applied. The highest yield strength was obtained with the electric arc welded sample using a rutile electrode with SiC reinforcement. It was observed that the mechanical properties of API 5L X52 steel welds were improved with the addition of SiC reinforced.

Keywords

API 5L X52 steel, Welding methods, Mechanical properties, SiC

References

• Abedi S. S., Abdolmaleki A., Adibi N., Failure analysis of SCC and SRB induced cracking of a transmission oil products pipeline. Engineering Failure Analysis, 14(1), 250–261, 2007.
• API specification 5L, Specification for line pipe, 46th Edition, USA, 2018.
• Baek J., Hyun K., Pyo Y., Kim C., Man K., W. Sik S., Sung C., Effects of pre-strain on the mechanical properties of API 5L X65 pipe. Materials Science and Engineering A, 527(6), 1473–1479, 2010.
• Bhadeshia H. K. D. H., Developments in martensitic and bainitic steels: role of the shape deformation. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 378(1–2), 34–39, 2004.
• Biresselioglu M. E., Yelkenci T., Oz I. O., Investigating the natural gas supply security: A new perspective. Energy, 80, 168–176, 2015.
• Bohemen S. M.,Van C., Morsdorf L., Acta Materialia Predicting the M s temperature of steels with a thermodynamic based model including the effect of the prior austenite grain size. Acta Materialia, 125, 401–415, 2017.
• Candan İ., Durgutlu A., Kahraman N., Gülenç B., Farklı Pozisyonlarda MAG Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen Boruların Kaynak Dikişlerinin Ultrasonik ve Mekanik Muayenesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 2006.
• Capelle J., Dmytrakh I., Azari Z., Pluvinage G., Evaluation of electrochemical hydrogen absorption in welded pipe with steel API X52. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(33), 14356–14363, 2013.
• Ezer M., Cam, G., A Study on microstructure and mechanical performance of gas metal arc welded AISI 304L joints. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 53 (9), 1043-1052, 2022.
• Ghosh C., Basabe V. V., Jonas J. J., Kim Y., Jung I.-H., Yue S., The dynamic transformation of deformed austenite at temperatures above the Ae 3. Acta Materialia, 61(7), 2348–2362, 2013.
• Handoko W., Pahlevani F., Hossain R., Sahajwalla V., Stress-induced phase transformation and its correlation with corrosion properties of dual-phase high carbon steel. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 3(3), 2019.
• Hossain R., Pahlevani F., Sahajwalla V., Effect of small addition of Cr on stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel. Materials Characterization, 125, 114–122, 2017.
• Hossain R., Pahlevani F., Sahajwalla V., Stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel – Effect of post-tempering heat treatment. Materials Characterization, 149(November 2018), 239–247, 2019.
• Iseki T., Kameda T., Maruyama T., Interfacial reactions between SiC and aluminium during joining. Journal of Materials Science, 19, 1984.
• Javidi M., Bahalaou H. S., Investigating the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking in near-neutral and high pH environments for API 5L X52 steel. Corrosion Science, 80, 213–220, 2014.
• Jayashree P. K., Gowrishankar M. C., Sharma S., Shetty R., Shettar M., Hiremath P., Influence of homogenization and aging on tensile strength and fracture behavior of TIG welded Al6061-SiC composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3), 3598–3613, 2020.
• Jonas J. J., Ghosh C., Role of mechanical activation in the dynamic transformation of austenite. Acta Materialia, 61(16), 6125–6131, 2013.
• Ju J. B., Lee J. S., Jang J. I., Kim W. S., Kwon D., Determination of welding residual stress distribution in API X65 pipeline using a modified magnetic Barkhausen noise method. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 80(9), 641–646, 2003.
• Mulder G., Hetland J., Lenaers G., Towards a sustainable hydrogen economy: Hydrogen pathways and infrastructure. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32(10–11), 1324–1331, 2007.
• Pk J., Gowrishankar M. C., Sharma S., Shetty R., Hiremath P., Shettar M., The effect of SiC content in aluminum-based metal matrix composites on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 12, 2325–2339, 2021.
• Senol M., Cam G., Investigation into microstructures and properties of AISI 430 ferritic steel butt joints fabricated by GMAW. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 202, 104926, 2023.
• Serindag H.T., Cam G., Microstructure and mechanical properties of gas metal arc welded AISI 430/AISI 304 dissimilar stainless steels butt joints. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1777, 012047, 2021.
• Serindag H.T., Cam G., Multi-pass butt welding of thick AISI 316L plates by gas tungsten arc welding: Microstructural and mechanical characterization. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 200, 104842, 2022.
• Serindag H.T., Tardu C., Kircicek I.O, Cam G., A study on microstructural and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded thick cryogenic 9% Ni alloy steel butt joint. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 37, 1-10, 2022.
• Serindag H.T., Kircicek I.O, Tardu C., Cam G., Determination of microstructural and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded 9Ni cryogenic steel joint, Mühendis ve Makine (Engineer and Machinery), 63(706), 117-137, 2022.
• Serindag H.T., Cam G., Characterizations of microstructure and properties of dissimilar AISI 316L/9Ni low alloy cryogenic steel joints fabricated by GTAW. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 32, 7039-7049, 2023.
• Seyedrezai H., Pilkey A. K., Boyd J. D., Effect of pre-IC annealing treatments on the final microstructure and work hardening behavior of a dual-phase steel. Materials Science and Engineering A, 594, 178–188,2014.
• Tobón C., Cruz A. M. D., Velázquez J. L. G., Salcedo J. G. G., Salinas R. M., Comparative study on rate of flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of API 5L X-52-65-70 steels in a brine added with H2S at 60°C by using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). International Journal of Electrochemical Science 9 (12): 6781–92, 2014.
• Vargas-Arista B., Balvantin A., Baltazar A., García-Vázquez F., On the use of ultrasonic spectral analysis for the characterization of artificially degraded API 5L X52 steel pipeline welded joints. Materials Science and Engineering A, 550, 227–234, 2012.