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Age and Growth of European Hake, Merluccius merluccius in the Sea of Marmara

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 147 - 154, 27.12.2019

Güzin Gül , Elif Murat-dalkara , Ahsen Yüksek , Nazlı Demirel

Abstract

Within this study, the most
important species European hake which constitutes 50% of the Sea of Marmara
demersal fisheries, has been subjected to estimate age, growth characteristics
and natural mortality. Bottom trawl hauls were carried out in 19 stations
representing the entire Marmara Sea. Sea surveys were performed in different
time periods from 2009 to 2011 (September 2009, December 2009, December 2010
and December 2011). A total of 274 sagittal otoliths (117 females, 75 males and
82 unidentified individuals) were obtained from 2009, 2010 and 2011. Sex ratio
was calculated 1:1.5 males to females. Age composition was 0+ to 4+ years, most
observed age group was 2+ both for female and male (37%).  Growth parameters determined by von
Bertalanffy equation were found as L∞= 57.51 cm K=0.27 y-1
and t0=-0.57 y-1. Natural mortality was estimated 0.41 y-1. Our results obtained from the Marmara Sea
strongly support the fast growth hypothesis of M. merluccius. Growth rates clearly differ between males and
females in this sea which shows hake growth depends on sex. 

Keywords

Merluccius merluccius Age Growth Parameters Natural Mortality The Sea of Marmara

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK)

Project Number

115Y107

Thanks

Authors would like to thank I. Noyan Yılmaz for his help for sampling.

References

  • Akalın, S. (2004). Edremit Körfezi’nde bakalyaronun (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) biyo-ekolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması. PhD thesis. Ege University, Turkey, 133 pp. (In Turkish)
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T., & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography 34, (4), 285-334.
  • Beverton, R.J.H., & Holt, S.J. (1959). A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature and the relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. Ciba Foundation Colloquia on Ageing, 5, 142–177.
  • Biagi, F., De Ranieri, S., & Viva, C. (1994). Analysis of the growth of Merluccius merluccius (L.) in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Study for assessment and management of fisheries in the Western Mediterranean. Final Report 2: 68-78.
  • Campillo, A. (1992). Les Pêcheries Françaises de Mediteranée: Synthèse des Connaissances. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), IFREMER Report, 206 pp.
  • De Pontual, H., Groison, A.L., Piñeiro, C. and Bertignac, M. 2006. Evidence of underestimation of European hake growth in the Bay of Biscay, and its relationship with bias in the agreed method of age estimation. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63, 1674-1681.
  • Demirel N., Gül, G., Dalkara, E.M., & Yüksek, A. (2017). Ecosystem approach to sustainability level of European hake stock in the Marmara Sea. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Final Report, 04/2017.
  • Figueras, A. (1967). Age and growth of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from the western Mediterranean (Costa Brava, North-East of Spain). Proceeding General Fish Council Méditternean, 8, 161-171.
  • Froese, R., Demirel, N., & Sampang, A. (2015). An overall indicator for the good environmental status of the national marine waters based on the status of commercially exploited species. Marine Policy, 51, 230-237. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.012
  • Gayanilo, F.C. Jr., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (1994). The FAO ICLARM stock assessment tools (FiSAT) user’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series No. 7, FAO, Rome.
  • Gücü, A.C., & Bingel, F. (2011). Hake, Merluccius merluccius L., in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea: a case of disappearance. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 1001-1012.
  • Akyuz, E. 1959. Unpublished data, filed at FAO, Rome, and Et ve Balik Kurumu, Istanbul. Cited in R. J. H. Beverton and S. J. Holt. 1959. ‘‘A Review of the Lifespans and Mortality Rates of Fish in Nature, and their Relation to Growth and Other Physiological Characteristics.’’ In The Lifespan of Animals CIBA Foundation on Ageing. Vol. 5. ed. G. E. W. Wolstenholme and Maeve O’Connor. London: J. & A. Churchill.”
  • Ligas, A., Pierattini, C., Viva, C., Bertolini, C., & Belcari, P. (2011). Age estimation and growth of European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Northern Thyrrhenian Sea. Atti della Società toscana di scienze naturali Serie B, 118, 9-14.
  • Mellon-Duval, C., De Pontual, H., Métral, L., & Quemener, L. (2010). Growth of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Gulf of Lions based on conventional tagging. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67, 62-70.
  • Morales-Nin, B., & Aldebert, Y. (1997). Growth of juvenile Merluccius merluccius in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean) based on otolith microstructure and length-frequency analysis. Fisheries Research, 30, 77-85.
  • Papaconstantinou, C., & Stergiou, K.I. (1995). Biology and fisheries of hake, Merluccius merluccius L. 1758, in the eastern Mediterranean. p. 149-180. In: Alheit J., Pitcher T.J. (eds.) Hake, fisheries products and markets. Fish and Fisheries Series 15. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Belcari, P., Ligas, A., & Viva, C. (2006). Age determination and growth of juveniles of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758), in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (NW Mediterranean). Fisheries Research, 78, 211-217.
  • Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil, 39, 175-192.
  • Piñeiro, C., & Saínza, M. (2003). Age estimation, growth and maturity of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)) from Iberian Atlantic waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, 1086 – 1102.
  • Ragonese, S., Andreoli, M.G., Bono, G., Giusto, G.B., Rizzo, P., & Sinacori, G. (2004). Overview of the biological information on demersal resources of the Strait of Sicily. MedSudMed Technical Documents (FAO/MedSudMed).
  • Soykan, O., İlkyaz, A.T., Metin, G., & Kınacıgıl, H.T. (2015). Age, growth and reproduction of European hake (Merluccius merluccius (Linn., 1758)) in the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 829-837.
  • Sparre, P., & Venema, S.C. (1998). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment – Part 1: Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306/1, Rev. 2, Rome, 465 pp.
  • Uçkun, D., Togulga, M., & Taşkavak, E. (2000). A preliminary study on the growth of the Common hake (Merluccius merluccius L., 1758) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Acta Adriatica, 41, 25-34.
  • Yalçın, E., & Gurbet, R. (2016). Environmental influences on the spatio-temporal distribution of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 1-14
  • Erzini, K. (1991). A compilation of data on variability in length-age in marine fishes. Fisheries stock assessment Title XII, Collaborative Research Support Program. Working
  • Paper, 77, University of Rhode Island, 36 pp.
  • FAO (2014). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. [Accessed on 14 September 2018] http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2238/en
  • FAO. 2019. Fishery Statistical Collections Global Capture Production 1950-2016. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/query/en. (Accessed: 6 February 2019).
  • Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (08/2019)
  • Gül, G., & Demirel, N. (2016). Status of Small Pelagic Fishes in the Marmara Sea. In: The Marmara Sea - Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance, Özsoy, E., Çağatay, M.N., Balkıs, N., Balkıs, N., & Öztürk, B. (eds.) Turkish Marine Research Foundation Press, İstanbul, pp.612-629, ISBN 978-975-8825-34-9, 2016.
  • Hobday A., Smith A., Stobutzki I., Bulman C., Daley R., Dambacher J., Deng R., et al. Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing, Fisheries Research, 2011, vol. 108 (pg. 372-384) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.013
  • Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Sainsbury, K., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. (2014). Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(1), 204-216. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst235
  • Iglesias, S.S., & Dery, L. (1981). Age and growth studies of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa. ICES CM 1981/G, 38, 6 pp.
  • Kahraman, A. E., Yıldız, T., Uzer, U., & Karakulak, F. S. (2017). Age composition, growth and mortality of European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae) from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 69(3), 377-384.
  • Landa, J., and Piñeiro, C. 2000. Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) growth in the north-eastern Atlantic based on back-calculation of otolith rings. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 1077–1090.
  • Lucio, P., Murua, H., & Santurtún, M. (2000). Growth and reproduction of hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Bay of Biscay during the period 1996–1997. Ozeanografika, 3, 325-354.
  • Murua, H. 2010. The biology and fisheries of European hake, Merluccius merluccius, in the North-east Atlantic. Advances in Marine Biology, 58, 97-154. Orsi Relini, L., Fiorentino, F., & Zamboni A. (1990). Growth of the Mediterranean hake. Experiences gained in the Ligurian Sea. In: Proceedings of the 25th European Marine Biology Symposium pp. 10-15.
  • Papaconstantinou, C., Caragitso E., Vassilopoulo V., Petrakis, G., Mytilineou, Ch., Fourtouni, Ch., Tursi, A., Politou, C.Y., Giagnisi, M., D’ Onghia, G., Siapatis, A., Matarese, A., Economou, A., & Papageorgiou, E. (1993). Investigation of the abundance and distribution of demersal stocks of primary importance to the Greek fishery in the North Aegean Sea, Greece. National Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Hellas. Technical Report, 316 pp.
  • Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators (Vol. 8). WorldFish.
  • Stergiou, K.I., & Moutopoulos, D.K. (2001). A review of length-weight relationships of fishes from Greek marine waters. Naga ICLARM Q., 24 1&2, 23-39.
  • TCFR (2016). The commercial fish Catching regulations in seas and inland waters in 2016-2020 fishing period: Turkish Commercial Fishery Regulations 4/1, Numbered 2016/35. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Ankara, Turkey. 66 pp.
  • Tsangridis, A., Filippousis, N., & Diapouli, E. (1990). Assessment and management of hake stock in the Saronikos Gulf (application of length-based methods on trawl catches). Geotechnic Scientific Issues, 1, 15-28.
  • TUIK (2018). Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Fishery statistics 2018. Ankara. [Accessed on 14 September 2018] http://www.tuik.gov.tr Tursi, T.A., Matarrese, A., D'onghia, G., Sion, L., & Maiorano, P. (1996). The yield per recruit assessment of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.1758) and red mullet (Mullet barbatus L. 1758) in the Ionian Sea. FAO Fisheries Report (FAO).
  • Uzer, U., Öztürk, B., & Yildiz, T. (2019). Age Composition, Growth, And Mortality of European Hake Merluccius merluccius (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) From The Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria, 49(2), 109-117. Doi: 10.3750/Aiep/02465

Marmara Denizi’nde Berlam Balığının Yaş ve Büyümesi

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 147 - 154, 27.12.2019

Güzin Gül , Elif Murat-dalkara , Ahsen Yüksek , Nazlı Demirel

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Marmara Denizi demersal balık avcılığının
%50’sini oluşturan ve stoğu aşırı sömürülmüş berlam türünün (Merluccius merluccius) yaş ve büyüme
parametreleri, doğal ölüm oranı belirlenmiştir. Farklı 4 zaman diliminde (Eylül
2009, Aralık 2009, Aralık 2010, Aralık 2011) Marmara Denizi’nin genelini
yansıtacak 19 istasyonda dip trol çekimleri yapılarak elde edilen 274 adet
bireyin sagitta otolitlerinden yaş okumaları gerçekleştirilmiştir (117 dişi, 75
erkek, 82 cinsiyeti belirsiz birey). Erkek dişi oranı 1:1.5 olarak
belirlenmiştir. Yaş okumaları sonucunda bireylerin 0+ ile 4+ yaş aralığında
olduğu, 2+ yaş grubunun hem dişilerde hem de erkek bireylerde baskın olduğu
görülmüştür. von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri L∞= 57.51 cm,
K=0.27, y-1 t0=-0.57 y-1 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Doğal ölüm oranı 0.41 y-1 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Elde ettiğimiz bu sonuçlar Berlam’ın hızlı büyüme hipotezini güçlü bir biçimde
desteklemektedir. Dişi ve erkek bireylerin büyüme oranındaki farklılık berlamın
büyümesinin cinsiyete bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. 

Keywords

Merluccius merluccius Yaş Büyüme Parametreleri Doğal Ölüm Oranı Marmara Denizi

Project Number

115Y107

References

  • Akalın, S. (2004). Edremit Körfezi’nde bakalyaronun (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) biyo-ekolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması. PhD thesis. Ege University, Turkey, 133 pp. (In Turkish)
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T., & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography 34, (4), 285-334.
  • Beverton, R.J.H., & Holt, S.J. (1959). A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature and the relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. Ciba Foundation Colloquia on Ageing, 5, 142–177.
  • Biagi, F., De Ranieri, S., & Viva, C. (1994). Analysis of the growth of Merluccius merluccius (L.) in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Study for assessment and management of fisheries in the Western Mediterranean. Final Report 2: 68-78.
  • Campillo, A. (1992). Les Pêcheries Françaises de Mediteranée: Synthèse des Connaissances. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), IFREMER Report, 206 pp.
  • De Pontual, H., Groison, A.L., Piñeiro, C. and Bertignac, M. 2006. Evidence of underestimation of European hake growth in the Bay of Biscay, and its relationship with bias in the agreed method of age estimation. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63, 1674-1681.
  • Demirel N., Gül, G., Dalkara, E.M., & Yüksek, A. (2017). Ecosystem approach to sustainability level of European hake stock in the Marmara Sea. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Final Report, 04/2017.
  • Figueras, A. (1967). Age and growth of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from the western Mediterranean (Costa Brava, North-East of Spain). Proceeding General Fish Council Méditternean, 8, 161-171.
  • Froese, R., Demirel, N., & Sampang, A. (2015). An overall indicator for the good environmental status of the national marine waters based on the status of commercially exploited species. Marine Policy, 51, 230-237. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.012
  • Gayanilo, F.C. Jr., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (1994). The FAO ICLARM stock assessment tools (FiSAT) user’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series No. 7, FAO, Rome.
  • Gücü, A.C., & Bingel, F. (2011). Hake, Merluccius merluccius L., in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea: a case of disappearance. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 1001-1012.
  • Akyuz, E. 1959. Unpublished data, filed at FAO, Rome, and Et ve Balik Kurumu, Istanbul. Cited in R. J. H. Beverton and S. J. Holt. 1959. ‘‘A Review of the Lifespans and Mortality Rates of Fish in Nature, and their Relation to Growth and Other Physiological Characteristics.’’ In The Lifespan of Animals CIBA Foundation on Ageing. Vol. 5. ed. G. E. W. Wolstenholme and Maeve O’Connor. London: J. & A. Churchill.”
  • Ligas, A., Pierattini, C., Viva, C., Bertolini, C., & Belcari, P. (2011). Age estimation and growth of European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Northern Thyrrhenian Sea. Atti della Società toscana di scienze naturali Serie B, 118, 9-14.
  • Mellon-Duval, C., De Pontual, H., Métral, L., & Quemener, L. (2010). Growth of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Gulf of Lions based on conventional tagging. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67, 62-70.
  • Morales-Nin, B., & Aldebert, Y. (1997). Growth of juvenile Merluccius merluccius in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean) based on otolith microstructure and length-frequency analysis. Fisheries Research, 30, 77-85.
  • Papaconstantinou, C., & Stergiou, K.I. (1995). Biology and fisheries of hake, Merluccius merluccius L. 1758, in the eastern Mediterranean. p. 149-180. In: Alheit J., Pitcher T.J. (eds.) Hake, fisheries products and markets. Fish and Fisheries Series 15. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Belcari, P., Ligas, A., & Viva, C. (2006). Age determination and growth of juveniles of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758), in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (NW Mediterranean). Fisheries Research, 78, 211-217.
  • Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil, 39, 175-192.
  • Piñeiro, C., & Saínza, M. (2003). Age estimation, growth and maturity of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)) from Iberian Atlantic waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, 1086 – 1102.
  • Ragonese, S., Andreoli, M.G., Bono, G., Giusto, G.B., Rizzo, P., & Sinacori, G. (2004). Overview of the biological information on demersal resources of the Strait of Sicily. MedSudMed Technical Documents (FAO/MedSudMed).
  • Soykan, O., İlkyaz, A.T., Metin, G., & Kınacıgıl, H.T. (2015). Age, growth and reproduction of European hake (Merluccius merluccius (Linn., 1758)) in the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 829-837.
  • Sparre, P., & Venema, S.C. (1998). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment – Part 1: Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 306/1, Rev. 2, Rome, 465 pp.
  • Uçkun, D., Togulga, M., & Taşkavak, E. (2000). A preliminary study on the growth of the Common hake (Merluccius merluccius L., 1758) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Acta Adriatica, 41, 25-34.
  • Yalçın, E., & Gurbet, R. (2016). Environmental influences on the spatio-temporal distribution of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 1-14
  • Erzini, K. (1991). A compilation of data on variability in length-age in marine fishes. Fisheries stock assessment Title XII, Collaborative Research Support Program. Working
  • Paper, 77, University of Rhode Island, 36 pp.
  • FAO (2014). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. [Accessed on 14 September 2018] http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2238/en
  • FAO. 2019. Fishery Statistical Collections Global Capture Production 1950-2016. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/query/en. (Accessed: 6 February 2019).
  • Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (08/2019)
  • Gül, G., & Demirel, N. (2016). Status of Small Pelagic Fishes in the Marmara Sea. In: The Marmara Sea - Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance, Özsoy, E., Çağatay, M.N., Balkıs, N., Balkıs, N., & Öztürk, B. (eds.) Turkish Marine Research Foundation Press, İstanbul, pp.612-629, ISBN 978-975-8825-34-9, 2016.
  • Hobday A., Smith A., Stobutzki I., Bulman C., Daley R., Dambacher J., Deng R., et al. Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing, Fisheries Research, 2011, vol. 108 (pg. 372-384) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.013
  • Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Sainsbury, K., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. (2014). Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(1), 204-216. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst235
  • Iglesias, S.S., & Dery, L. (1981). Age and growth studies of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa. ICES CM 1981/G, 38, 6 pp.
  • Kahraman, A. E., Yıldız, T., Uzer, U., & Karakulak, F. S. (2017). Age composition, growth and mortality of European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae) from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 69(3), 377-384.
  • Landa, J., and Piñeiro, C. 2000. Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) growth in the north-eastern Atlantic based on back-calculation of otolith rings. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 1077–1090.
  • Lucio, P., Murua, H., & Santurtún, M. (2000). Growth and reproduction of hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Bay of Biscay during the period 1996–1997. Ozeanografika, 3, 325-354.
  • Murua, H. 2010. The biology and fisheries of European hake, Merluccius merluccius, in the North-east Atlantic. Advances in Marine Biology, 58, 97-154. Orsi Relini, L., Fiorentino, F., & Zamboni A. (1990). Growth of the Mediterranean hake. Experiences gained in the Ligurian Sea. In: Proceedings of the 25th European Marine Biology Symposium pp. 10-15.
  • Papaconstantinou, C., Caragitso E., Vassilopoulo V., Petrakis, G., Mytilineou, Ch., Fourtouni, Ch., Tursi, A., Politou, C.Y., Giagnisi, M., D’ Onghia, G., Siapatis, A., Matarese, A., Economou, A., & Papageorgiou, E. (1993). Investigation of the abundance and distribution of demersal stocks of primary importance to the Greek fishery in the North Aegean Sea, Greece. National Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Hellas. Technical Report, 316 pp.
  • Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators (Vol. 8). WorldFish.
  • Stergiou, K.I., & Moutopoulos, D.K. (2001). A review of length-weight relationships of fishes from Greek marine waters. Naga ICLARM Q., 24 1&2, 23-39.
  • TCFR (2016). The commercial fish Catching regulations in seas and inland waters in 2016-2020 fishing period: Turkish Commercial Fishery Regulations 4/1, Numbered 2016/35. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Ankara, Turkey. 66 pp.
  • Tsangridis, A., Filippousis, N., & Diapouli, E. (1990). Assessment and management of hake stock in the Saronikos Gulf (application of length-based methods on trawl catches). Geotechnic Scientific Issues, 1, 15-28.
  • TUIK (2018). Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Fishery statistics 2018. Ankara. [Accessed on 14 September 2018] http://www.tuik.gov.tr Tursi, T.A., Matarrese, A., D'onghia, G., Sion, L., & Maiorano, P. (1996). The yield per recruit assessment of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.1758) and red mullet (Mullet barbatus L. 1758) in the Ionian Sea. FAO Fisheries Report (FAO).
  • Uzer, U., Öztürk, B., & Yildiz, T. (2019). Age Composition, Growth, And Mortality of European Hake Merluccius merluccius (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) From The Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria, 49(2), 109-117. Doi: 10.3750/Aiep/02465
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Güzin Gül 0000-0001-5888-3211

Elif Murat-dalkara 0000-0002-8757-2532

Ahsen Yüksek 0000-0003-3004-7443

Nazlı Demirel 0000-0003-4542-9276

Project Number 115Y107
Publication Date December 27, 2019
Submission Date July 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gül, G., Murat-dalkara, E., Yüksek, A., Demirel, N. (2019). Age and Growth of European Hake, Merluccius merluccius in the Sea of Marmara. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 2(2), 147-154.
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