Türkiye'de COVID-19 salgını sırasında din görevlileri arasında sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve belirleyicileri

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 30.06.2024

Ersin Uskun , Murat Dündar , Edanur Doğan , Özgür Önal , Ahmet Nesimi Kişioğlu

Abstract

Giriş: Din görevlileri genellikle toplumları için etkili kişiler olarak rol model teşkil ederler. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında Türkiye'deki din görevlilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Türkiye'nin Göller Bölgesi illerindeki 414 din görevlisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Sağlık davranışlarını ve katılımcı profillerini değerlendirmek için sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları profili II değerlendirmesi (HPLP-II) ve demografik özellikler formu kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi SPSS versiyon 22 ile bağımsız t-testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışma, İslam din görevlilerinin diğer meslek gruplarına kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek düzeyde sağlığı geliştirici yaşam tarzı davranışları sergilediğini ve bu durumun onları sağlığın geliştirilmesi için potansiyel katalizörler haline getirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgularımız, grubun genel sağlığı geliştirici yaşam tarzı puanının genel nüfusun puanını aştığını göstermekte ve sağlığı geliştirme çabalarında toplum için örnek olma potansiyellerinin altını çizmektedir. Özellikle, din görevlileri ruhsal gelişim konusunda üstünlük sağlarken, fiziksel aktivite iyileştirilmesi gereken bir alan olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu gruptaki erkekler fiziksel aktivite ve stres kontrolünde kadınlardan daha iyi performans gösterme eğilimindedir ve bu da sağlıklı yaşam davranışlarında cinsiyetin rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Yeterli kişisel zaman ayırmak, özellikle fiziksel aktivite, stres kontrolü, ruhsal gelişim ve kişiler arası ilişkiler olmak üzere genel sağlığı geliştirici davranışları etkileyen en kritik faktördür.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma, cinsiyetin etkisini ve kişisel zaman yönetiminin önemini vurgulayarak, özellikli bir meslek grubunun sağlık davranışlarına ilişkin değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar daha çeşitli popülasyonları kapsamalı ve derinlemesine nedensel keşif için boylamsal tasarımlar kullanmalıdır.

Keywords

Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları, Sağlık davranışları, Sağlığın geliştirilmesi, Din görevlileri, Türkiye

Health-promoting lifestyle behavior and determinants among religious officials during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

Abstract

Background: As influential figures, religious officials often serve as role models for their communities.This study was conducted to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors and associated factors of religious officials in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 religious officials in the provinces of the Lakes Region of Turkey. Health-promoting lifestyle profile II assessment (HPLP-II) and demographic characteristics form was used to assess health behaviors and participants’ profiles. Data analysis was performed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models with SPSS version 17.
Results: The study reveals that Islamic religious officials exhibit a significantly higher level of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors compared to other occupational groups, making them potential catalysts for health promotion. Our findings demonstrate that the group's overall health-promoting lifestyle score surpasses that of the general population, underlining their potential as examples for society in health promotion efforts. Notably, religious officials excel in spiritual growth, although physical activity remains an area that requires improvement. Men in this group tend to outperform women in physical activity and stress control, emphasizing the role of gender in healthy living behaviors. Allocating adequate personal time is the most critical factor affecting overall health-promoting behaviors, especially in physical activity, stress control, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relations.
Conclusions: This research provides valuable insights into the health behaviors of a unique occupational group, highlighting the impact of gender and the importance of personal time management. Future studies should encompass more diverse populations and employ longitudinal designs for in-depth causative exploration.

Keywords

Health-promoting lifestyle profile, health behaviors, health promotion, religious officials, Turkey

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (Ethics Committee of Süleyman Demirel University, Date April 26, 2021/No 181).

Supporting Institution

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Thanks

We would like to thank the religious officials who participated in the research.

References

• Al-Kandari, F., Vidal, V.L., Thomas, D. (2008). Health-promoting lifestyle and body mass index among College of Nursing students in Kuwait: a correlational study. Nurs Health Sci. 10:43-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00370.x
• Ashgar, R.I. (2021). Health-promoting behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic among Saudi Adults: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs. 77:3389-3397. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14863
• Bahar, Z., Beşer, A., Gördes, N., Ersin, F., Kıssal, A. (2008). Healthy Life Style Behavior Scale II: a reliability and validity study (in Turkish). Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing. 12:1–13.
• Bidlack, W.R. (1996). Interrelationships of food, nutrition, diet and health: The National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges White Paper. J Am Coll Nutr. 15:422-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1996.10718620
• Capodilupo, E.R., Miller, D.J. (2021). Changes in health promoting behavior during COVID-19 physical distancing: Utilizing wearable technology to examine trends in sleep, activity, and cardiovascular indicators of health. PLoS One. 16:e0256063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256063
• Chiou, A.F., Hsu, S.P., Hung, H.F. (2016). Predictors of health-promoting behaviors in Taiwanese patients with coronary artery disease. Appl Nurs Res. 30:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.08.008
• Cihangiroglu, Z., Deveci, S.E. (2011). Healthy life style behaviours and related ınfluencing factors of the students of Elazig High School of Health Sciences of Firat University (in Turkish). Firat Medical Journal. 16:78-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/firattip/issue/6350/84731
• Corsentino, E.A., Collins, N., Sachs-Ericsson, N., Blazer, D.G. (2009). Religious attendance reduces cognitive decline among older women with high levels of depressive symptoms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 64:1283-1289. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp116
• Cummings, J.R., Wolfson, J.A., Gearhardt, A.N. (2021). Health-promoting behaviors in the United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Appetite. 168:105659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105659 Curtin, S.C. (2019). Trends in cancer and heart disease death rates among adults aged 45-64: United States, 1999-2017. Natl Vital Stat Rep 68:1-9.
• de Brito Sena, M.A., Damiano, R.F., Lucchetti, G., Peres, M.F.P. (2021). Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework. Front Psychol. 12:756080. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756080
• Dickey, R.A., Janick, J.J. (2001). Lifestyle modifications in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Endocr Pract. 7:392-399. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP.7.5.392
• Ellison, C.G., Levin, J.S. (1998). The religion-health connection: evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Educ Behav. 25:700-720. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819802500603
• Ford, E.S., Zhao, G., Tsai, J., Li, C. (2011). Low-risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study. Am J Public Health. 101:1922-1929. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300167
• Gartner, J.D., Larson, D.B., Allen, G.D. (1991). Religious commitment and mental health: a review of the empirical literature. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 19:6-25.
• GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. (2018). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 392:1923-1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
• Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3). (2011). The Role of Religious Leaders and Faith Communities. https://healthcommcapacity.org/i-kits/role-religious-leaders-faith-communities/ Acessed 15 June 2023.
• Hurlbut, J.M., Robbins, L.K., Hoke, M.M. (2011). Correlations between spirituality and health-promoting behaviors among sheltered homeless women. J Community Health Nurs. 28:81-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2011.564064
• Idler, E.L., Kasl, S.V. (1992). Religion, disability, depression, and the timing of death. American Journal of Sociology. 97:1052-1079.
• Ilbars H, Ozkan S (2019) Healthy life-style patterns of pharmacists in Turkey. EMUJ Farm Sci. 2:84-94.
• Jeong, W., Kang, H., Patel, A., Singh, M., Prachand, N., Stewart, W.P. (2023). Financial, Social, and Health Impacts from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Healthy Chicago Survey (published online ahead of print, 2023 Sep 12). Int J Behav Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023-10220-y
• Kelly, J. (2004). Spirituality as a coping mechanism. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 23:162-168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003465-200407000-00005
• Kendall, J. (2019). Religion and Health in Rural Malawi. J Relig Health. 58:2001-2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00804-y
• Kolac, N., Balci, A.S., Sisman, F.N., Atacer, B.E., Dincer, S. (2018). Health perception and healthy lifestyle behaviors in factory workers. Bakirkoy Medical Journal 14:267-274. https://doi.org/10.5350/BTDMJB.20170328092601
• Krause, N. (2011). Religion and health: making sense of a disheveled literature. J Relig Health. 50:20-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9373-4 Kucuk, E. (2016). Health perception and healthy lifestyle behaviors of female factory workers. Arch Environ Occup Health. 71:216-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2015.1058237
• Larson, D.B., Sherrill, K.A., Lyons, J.S., Craigie, F.C. Jr., Thielman, S.B., Greenwold, M.A., Larson, S.S. (1992). Associations between dimensions of religious commitment and mental health reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry: 1978-1989. Am J Psychiatry. 149:557-559. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.4.557
• Lee, C., Choi, Y., Kim, K., Lim, Y., Im, H., Hong, S.J. (2023). Health-promoting behavior among undergraduate students in the COVID-19 era: Its association with problematic use of social media, social isolation, and online health information-seeking behavior. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.022
• Lee. R.L., Loke, A.J. (2005). Health-promoting behaviors and psychosocial well-being of university students in Hong Kong. Public Health Nurs. 22:209-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220304.x Mehri, A., Solhi, M., Garmaroudi, G., Nadrian, H., Sighaldeh, S.S. (2016). Health Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants Among University Students in Sabzevar, Iran. Int J Prev Med. 7:65. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.180411
• Mülayimov, A. (2015). Scholars of the Islamic Perspective (in Turkish). Journal of Bingöl University Faculty of Teology 3:217-238.
• Nacar, M., Baykan, Z., Cetinkaya, F., Arslantas, D., Ozer, A., Coskun, O., Bati, H., Karaoglu, N., Elmali, F., Yilmaze, G. (2014). Health promoting lifestyle behaviour in medical students: a multicentre study from Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15:8969-8974. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8969
• Park, H.K., Chun, S.Y., Choi, Y., Lee, S.Y., Kim, S.J., Park, EC. (2015). Effects of social activity on health-related quality of life according to age and gender: an observational study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 13:140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0331-4
• Pinar, R., Celik, R., Bahcecik, N. (2009). Reliability and construct validity of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II in an adult Turkish population. Nurs Res. 58:184-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e31819a8248
• Reindl Benjamins, M., Brown, C. (2004). Religion and preventative health care utilization among the elderly. Soc Sci Med. 58:109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00152-7
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2022). COVID-19 Information Platform (in Turkish) https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Acessed 10 November 2022
• Simsek, H., Oztoprak, D., Ikizoglu, E., Safalı, F., Yavuz, O. (2012). Healthy lifestyle behaviours and related factors of medical school students (in Turkish). DEU Journal of Medical Faculty 26:151-157.
• Turner, M. (2015). Can the Effects of Religion and Spirituality on Both Physical and Mental Health be Scientifically Measured? An Overview of the Key Sources, with Particular Reference to the Teachings of Said Nursi. J Relig Health. 54:2045-2051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9894-3
• Walker, S.N., Sechrist, K.R., Pender, N.J. (1987). The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs Res. 36:76-81.
• Wei, C.N., Harada, K., Ueda, K., Fukumoto, K., Minamoto, K., Ueda, A. (2012). Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile in Japanese university students. Environ Health Prev Med. 17:222-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-011-0244-8
• World Health Organisation. (2020). COVID-19 Emergency Committee highlights need for response efforts over long term. News, 1 August 2020. https://www.who.int/news/item/01-08-2020-covid-19-emergency-committee-highlights-need-for-response-efforts-over-long-term Acessed 20 July 2023
• World Health Organization and World Economic Forum. (2023). Preventing noncommunicable diseases in the workplace through diet and physical activity : WHO/World Economic Forum report of a joint event. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43825. Acessed 2 March 2023
• Xu, Y., Chen, H.F., Yeung, W.K.J., Hsieh, C.W., Yuan, H.Y., Chang, L.Y. (2021). Health-Promoting Behaviors, Risk Perceptions, and Attention to COVID-19-Related Information: Comparing People's Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Times of Chinese New Year and Summer 2020 in Hong Kong. Front Public Health. 9:688300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.688300
• Yetgin, M.K., Agopyan, A. (2017). Healthy lifestyle behaviours of sports sciences faculty students (in Turkish). Spormetre 15:177-184. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000323
• Yusefi, A.R., Barfar, E., Daneshi, S., Bayati, M., Mehralian, G., Bastani, P. (2022). Health literacy and health promoting behaviors among inpatient women during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Womens Health. 22:77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01652-x