BATHYMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LYSTAD BAY, HORSESHOE ISLAND BY USING HIGH RESOLUTION MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DATA

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 281 - 303, 30.11.2022

Emre Tükenmez , Emre Gülher Özgür Kaya , H. Fatih Polat

Abstract

In this study the compatibility between high resolution multibeam echosounder data of Lystad Bay, Horseshoe Island obtained during Turkish Antarctic Expedition-III and the soundings of British Admiralty (BA) 2974&3213 nautical charts produced by United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) was investigated. The bay was charted in 1960, first, by Lieut.C.J.C. Wynne-Edwards (Royal Navy)’s survey data and no chart has been produced with any new measurements since then. BA charts were created by means of single beam echosounder data. The comparison of the newly gathered data in the surveyed area (6.9km2) which covers half of the Lystad Bay indicate that soundings on the nautical charts of BA2974 & BA3213 are shallower and coastlines are not compatible. Additionally, the data from February 2019 depicts depths as varying between 2.8-94.6 meters. Dense multibeam echosounder data made 3D analyzes achievable, which shows that the sea bottom topography has not only trenches but also shoals that should be considered in order to navigate safely in the bay. Moreover, modern satellite-based positioning systems provide more accuracy than terrestrial positioning systems. The sound velocity is measured as 1446.5 and 1447.5 m/s at the surface and decreasing with increasing depth.

Keywords

Horseshoe Island, Lystad Bay, Multibeam Echosounder Data, Bathymetry.

Thanks

This study was carried under the auspices of Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye, supported by the Ministry of Industry and Technology, and coordinated by Istanbul Technical University (ITU) Polar Research Center (PolReC). We would like to express our gratitude to Ministry of National Defence, Turkish Naval Forces Command, Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography that guided and led to make this survey and study happen. Also, we wish to say “thank you” to scientists who join Turkish Antarctic Expedition-III and R/V BETANZOS personnel for their help and support during survey.

References

• Alkan, R.M., Kalkan, Y., Aykut, N.O. (2006). “Sound velocity determination with empirical formulas and bar check”. Proceedings of 23rd FIG Congress, Oct. 8-13, Munich, Germany, pp: 1-14
• Bart, P.J., Mullally, D., Golledge, N.R. (2016). “The influence of continental shelf bathymetry on Antarctic Ice Sheet response to climate forcing”. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 142, pp. 87-95.
• Bentley, M. J., Johnson, J. S., Hodgson, D. A., Dunai, T., Freeman, S.P.H.T., Cofaigh, O. C. (2019). “Rapid Deglaciation of Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula in the Early Holocene”. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 30, Issues 23-24, pp. 3338-3349.
• Brissette, M. B., Clarke, J. E. (2015). “Side Scan Versus Multibeam Echosounder Object Detection: A Comparative Analysis”. The International Hydrographic Review, Vol. 76(2).
• British Admiralty Nautical Chart of BA2974. (2012) Adelaide Island to Neny Fjord[map]. 1:150000. British Government Surveys.
• British Admiralty Nautical Chart of BA3213. (1960). Lystad Bay[map]. 1:50000. British Government Surveys.
• Çiner, A., Yıldırım, C., Sarıkaya, M. A., Seong, Y. B., Byung, Y. Y. (2019). “Cosmogenic 10 be exposure dating of glacial erratics on Horseshoe Island in western Antarctic Peninsula confirms rapid deglaciation in the Early Holocene”. Antarctic Science, Vol. 31, Issue 6, pp. 319-331.
• Fofonoff, Nicholas P., Millard, Robert C. (1983). “Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater”. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 44.
• Hughes Clarke, J.E. (2018). “Multibeam Echosounders”. Chapter 3, Submarine geomorphology. Springer International Publishing, New York, pp. 25–42
• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication No.44 6th Edition. (2020). “IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys”. Monaco, Published by the IHO.
• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication No.32. (2019). “Hydrographic Dictionary / Multilingual Reference for IHO Publications”).
• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication No.M-13 1st Edition. (2005). “Manual on Hydrography”. Monaco, Published by the IHO.
• Jung, J., Ko, Y., Lee, J., Yang, K., Park, Y.K., Kim, S., Moon, H., Kim, H.J., Yoo, K.C. (2021). “Multibeam Bathymetry and Distribution of Clay Minerals on Surface Sediments of a Small Bay in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica”. Minerals, Vol. 11, Issue 72, pp. 1-12.
• Kenny, A.J., Cato, I., Desprez, M., Fader, G., Schüttenhelm, R.T.E., Side, J. (2003). “An overview of seabed-mapping technologies in the context of marine habitat classification”. ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 60, Issue 2, pp. 411-418.
• L-3 Communications SeaBeam Instruments. (2000). “Multibeam sonar theory of operation”. https://www3.mbari.org/data/mbsystem/sonarfunction/ SeaBeamMultibeamTheoryOperation.pdf Accessed 06 January 2022.
• Parnum, I., Siwabessy, J., Gavrilov, A., Parsas, M. (2009). “A comparison of Single Bram and Multibeam Sonar Systems in Seafloor Habitat Mapping”. 3rd International Conference & Exibition on Underwater Acoustics Measurements: Technologies & Results”. pp. 155-162.
• Quantarctica 3.2 GIS software. (2021). Norwegian Polar Institute, https://www.npolar.no/quantarctica/ Accessed 13 February 2022.
• Salon, S., Crise, A., Picco, P., Marinis, E., Gasparini, O. (2003). “Sound speed in the Mediterranean Sea: an analysis from a climatological data set”. Annales Geophysicae, Vol.21, pp.833-846.
• Spellman, F.R. (2021). “Understanding Climate Change: A Practical Guide”. Chapter 7, Glaciers. BernanPress, Maryland, pp. 95–100.
• Yıldırım, C. (2019). “Geomorphology of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctica”. Journal of Maps, Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 56-67.
• Zhao, D.N., Wu, Z.Y., Zhou, J.Q. (2015). “A new method of automatic SVP optimization based on MOV algorithm”. Marine Geodesy, Vol.38 Issue 3, pp.225–240.