The Role of Corynebacterium in The Etiology of Granulomatous Mastitis

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 449 - 452, 31.12.2023

Gizem Yaman , Sadullah Girgin , Nezahat Akpolat , Nurullah Uzuner , Eda Yildizhan

https://doi.org/10.36516/jocass.1358550

Abstract

Introduction: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory illness of the breast. It is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous lobulitis of the breast that clinically mimics breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the existence of Corynebacterium strains thought to be covered in the etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.
Material and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the results of 201 breast tru-cut biopsies carry out for diagnostic purposes in the Department of General Surgery. The tissue samples of 41 patients with histopathologically diagnosed GM were examined by Gram staining. The existence of Corynebacterium kinds was investigated microscopically by adding appropriate medium.
Results: The mean age of 41 female patients with GM was 35. 7 years and the age range was 20-58 years. At the end of the study, Corynebacterium amycolatum was defined as the causative microorganism as a consequence of microbiologic examination of the tissue sample of one patient (2.4%).
Conclusion: We consider that Corynebacterium is not the etiologic agent of GM. Additionally studies with large case series are needed to explain the etiology.

Keywords

Mastitis, Corynebacterium, Granulomatous Mastitis.

References

• 1.ErhanY, Veral A, Kara E, et al. A clinicopathologic study of a rare clinical entity mimicking breast carcinoma: idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. The Breast. 200,0; 9(1): 52-6. https://doi.org/10.1054/brst.1999.0072
• 2.Imoto S, Kitaya T, Kodama T, et al. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature, Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1997; 27(4): 274-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/27.4.274
• 3.Schelfout K, Tjalma WA, Cooremans ID, et al. Observations of an idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;97(2):260-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00546
• 4.Dobinson HC, Anderson TP, Chambers ST, et al. Antimicrobial Treatment Options for Granulomatous Mastitis Caused by Corynebacterium Species. J Clin Microbiol. 2015; 53(9): 2895-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00760-15
• 5.Gautier N, Lanolde L, Tran-Tranh D, et al. Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis: Imaging, Pathology and Management, European Journal of Radiology. 2013; 82 (4): e165-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.11.010
• 6.Al-Khaffaf B, Knox F, Bundred, NJ. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 25-year experience. J Am Coll Surg. 2008; 206(2): 269-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.041
• 7.ShinYD, Park SS, Song YJ, et al. Is surgical excision necessary for the treat-ment of Granulomatous lobular mastitis? BMC Womens Health. 2017; 17 (1): 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0412-0
• 8.Bani-Hani KE, Yaghan RJ, Matalka II, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mas-titis: Time to avoid unnecessary mastectomies. Breast J. 2004; 10 (4): 318-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21336.x
• 9.Gi̇rgi̇n S, Uslukaya O, Yılmaz E, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: A retrospec¬tive review of 49 patients. Dicle Medical Journal. 2015; 42(1): 22-7. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2015.01.0524
• 10.Ozel L, Unal A, Unal E, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: is it an autoimmune disease? Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Surg Today. 2012; 42(8): 729-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-011-0046-z
• 11.Li J. Diagnosis and Treatment of 75 Patients with Idiopathic Lobular Gran¬ulomatous Mastitis. J Invest Surg. 2019; 32(5): 414-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2018.1424270
• 12.Ozşen M, Tolunay Ş, Gökgöz MŞ. Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Clini-copathologic Presentation of 90 Cases. Recurrence in Uterine Tumors with Ovarian Sex-Cord Tumor Resemblance: A Case Report and Systematic Re¬view. Türk Patoloji Derg. 2018; 34(3): 215-9. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2018.01431
• 13.Agarwal C, Singh K, Pujani M, et al. Are all Granulomatous Mastitis Cases Tuberculous?: A Study on the Role of Cytology in Evaluation of Granuloma¬tous Mastitis. Are all Granulomatous Mastitis Cases Tuberculous?: A Study on the Role of Cytology in Evaluation of Granulomatous Mastitis. Türk Patoloji Derg. 2019; 35(2): 128-33. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2018.01442
• 14.Chandanwale S, Naragude P, Shetty A, et al. Cytomorphological Spectrum of Granulomatous Mastitis: A Study of 33 Cases. Eur J Breast Health. 2020; 16(2): 146-51. https://doi.org/10.5152/ejbh.2020.5185
• 15.Prasad S, Jaiprakash P, Dave A, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: an institutional experience. Turk J Surg. 2017; 33(2): 100-3. https://doi.org/10.5152/turkjsurg.2017.3439
• 16.Wolfrum A, Kümmel S, Theuerkauf I, et al. Granulomatous Mastitis: A Therapeutic and Diagnostic Challenge. Breast Care (Basel). 2018;13(6): 413-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495146
• 17.Shoyele O, Vidhun R, Dodge J, et al. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: A clinicopathologic study of a distinct entity with supporting evi¬dence of a role for Corynebacterium-targeted therapy. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2018; 37: 51-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.08.005
• 18.Taylor GB, Paviour SD, Musaad S, et al. A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of inflammatory breast disease showing an association between corynebacteria infection and granulomatous mastitis. Pathology. 2003; 35(2): 109-9. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/8WYF41619LM9YKP
• 19.Renshaw AA, Derhagopian RP, Gould EW. Cystic neutrophilic granuloma¬tous mastitis: an underappreciated pattern strongly associated with gram-positive bacilli. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136(3): 424–7. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCP1W9JBRYOQSNZ
• 20.Kıvılcım T, Altıntoprak F, Memiş B, et al. Role of Bacteriological Agents in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Real or Not? Eur J Breast Health. 2018; 15(1): 32-6. https://doi.org/10.5152/ejbh.2018.4249
• 21.Taylor GB, Paviour SD, Musaad S, et al. A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of inflammatory breast disease showing an association between corynebacteria infection and granulomatous mastitis. Pathology. 2003; 35(2): 109-9. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/8WYF41619LM9YKP
• 22.Paviour S, Musaad S, Roberts S, et al. Corynebacterium species isolated from patients with mastitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 35(11): 1434-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/344463
• 23.Butta H, Pasha F, Dawar R, et al. Corynebacterium Amycolatum Causing Breast Abscess: An Infecting Diphtheroid with a difference. Annals of Pathol¬ogy and Laboratory Medicine. 2017; 4: 128-30. https://doi.org/10.21276/APALM.1456