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Covid-19 Krizi Etkisinde Dijital Ekonomide Yaşanan Gelişmelere Yönelik Nitel Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 32 - 44, 30.06.2022

Seda Yıldırım , Seda Bostancı

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemisi, sağlık başta olmak üzere her sektörü, özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerini yoğun olarak etkilenmiştir. Özellikle fiziksel mobilitenin azalması, mesafe zorunlulukları, sosyalleşme olanaklarının çok kısıtlı kalması, uzaktan çalışma ve eğitim gibi yeni yaşam şartları toplumları hızlı bir şekilde dijitalleşmeye yönlendirmiştir. Dolayısıyla, dijitalleşme olgusu bireylerin, işletmelerin ve ülkelerin karşılaştığı en kritik sorunlardan biri olarak günümüze damgasını vurmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 krizi etkisinde dijital ekonomide yaşanan gelişmeleri inceleyerek, küresel ekonomide dijitalizasyon açısından güncel bir profil sunmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde çalışmada içerik analizi ile ikincil veri kaynakları incelenerek bir sonuca varılması planlanmıştır. İçerik analizi ile incelenecek ikincil kaynakların seçiminde ise bazı özellikler belirlenmiştir. Bu özellikler çalışmanın Covid-19 pandemi dönemini kapsaması ve küresel ölçekte veri sağlaması şeklindedir. Covid-19 krizi, küresel olarak hala devam etmekle birlikte, dijital ekonomide yeni kaydedilen bilgiler geleceğe dönük öngörü çalışmaları için önemli bir veri kaynağı oluşturmaktadır. Covid-19 kriz dönemi içerisinde küresel ekonomide dijitalizasyon için “tüketici ve işletme” yönlü olarak göstergelerin incelenmesi dijital ekonominin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayabilir.

Keywords

dijital ekonomi dijitalizasyon Covid-19 krizi e-ticaret pazarı

References

  • Banga, K. (2020). Can the digital economy help mitigate the economic losses from COVID-19 in Kenya. Supporting Economic Transformation. London. https://set.odi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Can-the-digital-economy-help-mitigate-the-economic-losses-from-COVID-19-in-Kenya.pdf
  • Ba, S., & Bai, H. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic as an accelerator of economic transition and financial innovation in China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 18(4), 341-348. DOI: 10.1080/14765284.2020.1855394
  • BDO, (2020). Covid-19 Is Accelerating The Rise Of The Digital Economy. https://www.bdo.com/insights/business-financial-advisory/strategy,-technology-transformation/covid-19-is-accelerating-therise-of-the-digital-e
  • BEYO (2019). What are Holistic Approaches and Why Are Companies Using Them? https://beyo.global/thinking/what-are-holistic-approaches-and-why-are-companies-using-them
  • Borrett, A. (2021). More central banks are considering digital currencies since Covid-19. https://techmonitor.ai/leadership/innovation/more-central-banks-considering-digital-currencies-covid-19
  • Coppola, D. (2021). Statistics and facts about global e-commerce. https://www.statista.com/topics/871/online-shopping/#dossier-chapter1
  • Demircan Çakar, N., Gedikli, A. & Erdoğan, S. (2021). The Global Economic Hibernation: Macroeconomic Indicators and Health Management Policies. Duzce Medical Journal, 23 (Special Issue), 48-60. DOI: 10.18678/dtfd.902124
  • Digital Commerce 360 Staff (2021). Coronavirus adds $105 billion to US ecommerce in 2020. https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/article/coronavirus-impact-online-retail/
  • Elo, S. & Kyngas H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing 62(1), 107–115
  • European Center for Digital Competitiveness (2021). Digital Engagement Report 2021. Berlin: Germany. https://digital-competitiveness.eu/wp-content/uploads/Digital-Engagement-Report-2021.pdf
  • Erdoğan, S., Yıldırım, D.Ç., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Dynamics and determinants of inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic period in European Countries: A spatial panel data analysis. Duzce Medical Journal, 22 / Special Issue, 61-67. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.794107
  • ET Spotlight Special (2021). Cryptocurrency has risen despite the pandemic & is expected to continue, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/cryptocurrency/cryptocurrency-has-risen-despite-the-pandemic-is-expected-to-continue/articleshow/82800680.cms?from=mdr
  • European Commission, (2021). Digital Economy and Society Index 2021: overall progress in digital transition but need for new EU-wide efforts. Press release. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5481
  • Evans, M. (2021). Global e-commerce market to expand by $1 Trillion by 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelleevans1/2021/03/25/global-e-commerce-market-to-expand-by-us1-trillion-by-2025/?sh=132c908c6cc0
  • Global-e (2020). COVID-19: The Impact on Cross-Border Ecommerce, https://www.global-e.com/resource/covid-19-cross-border-ecommerce/
  • Hantrais, L., Allin, P., Kritikos, M., Sogomonjan, M., Anand, P. B., Livingstone, S., Williams, M. & Innes, M. (2021). Covid-19 and the digital revolution. Contemporary Social Science, 16:2, 256-270, DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2020.1833234
  • Hu, R. (2020). COVID-19, smart work, and collaborative space: A crisis-opportunity perspective. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 276-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2020.08.001
  • LaBerge, L, O’Toole, C., Schneider, J. & Smaje, K. (2020). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point—and transformed business forever, Survey. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever
  • McKibbin, W., & Fernando, R. (2020). The economic impact of COVID-19. Economics in the Time of COVID-19, 45(10.1162).
  • Roberts, N.M. & Haensly, P.A. (1984). Holistic synthesis in the social studies: A new approach to enrichment, Roeper Review, 7:2, 100-102. DOI: 10.1080/02783198409552861
  • OECD, (2014). Measuring the Digital Economy: A New Perspective, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/1443d3d7-en.pdf?expires=1642954737&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=14DB949718AD1FDB3D60E98EA69CDB10
  • OECD (2020). E-commerce in the time of COVID-19. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/e-commerce-in-the-time-of-covid-19-3a2b78e8/
  • Ozili, P.K. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis: the Nigerian experience and structural causes, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0074
  • Ozili, P.K. & Arun, T. (2020). Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the Global Economy. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3562570, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3562570
  • Öncü, M.A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S., & Erdoğan, F. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A case of Turkey. Duzce Medical Journal, 23 / Special Issue (Mart 2021): 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, (t.y.). Covid-19 Nedir?, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir, (Erişim tarihi: 23.1.2022).
  • Schiliro, D. (2020). Towards digital globalization and the covid-19 challenge. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100504/1/MPRA_paper_100504.pdf
  • Soto-Acosta, P. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Shifting digital transformation to a high-speed gear, Information Systems Management, 37:4, 260-266. DOI: 10.1080/10580530.2020.1814461
  • UN (2021). Global e-commerce jumps to $26.7 trillion, fuelled by COVID-19. UN News Global Perspective Human Stories. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/05/1091182
  • UN (2020). Pandemic has forever changed online shopping, UN-backed survey reveals. UN News Global perspective Human stories. Economic Development. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1074982
  • UNCTAD (2020). COVID-19 has changed online shopping forever, survey shows. https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-has-changed-online-shopping-forever-survey-shows
  • UNCTAD (2021). Technology and Innovation Report 2021, Catching technological waves Innovation with equity, UNCTAD/TIR/2020, United Nations, Geneva. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tir2020_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), (2021). Technology And Innovatıon Report 2021. Catching technological waves Innovation with equity. United Nations Publications, New York.
  • World Trade Organization (2020). E-Commerce, Trade and the COVID-19 Pandemic Information Note, 4 May 2020 Page: 1/8. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/ecommerce_report_e.pdf
  • Williams, L. D. (2021). Concepts of Digital Economy and Industry 4.0 in Intelligent and information systems, International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 2, 122-129
  • Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S.H., Yıldırım, D.Ç. & Erdoğan, F. (2021). Rethinking mobility of international university students during COVID-19 pandemic, Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 15 2. 98-113.
  • Yıldırım, S. & Bostancı, S.H. (2021). The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(3), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-04-2021-0049
  • Yildirim, S., Demirtas, I., & Yildirim, D. C. (2022). A Review of Alternative Economic Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development: The Rising Digitalization and Degrowth Post COVID-19. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (288-307). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8482-8.ch018

A Qualitative Approach to Developments in the Digital Economy during the Impact of Covid-19 Crisis

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 32 - 44, 30.06.2022

Seda Yıldırım , Seda Bostancı

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemisi, sağlık başta olmak üzere her sektörü, özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerini yoğun olarak etkilenmiştir. Özellikle fiziksel mobilitenin azalması, mesafe zorunlulukları, sosyalleşme olanaklarının çok kısıtlı kalması, uzaktan çalışma ve eğitim gibi yeni yaşam şartları toplumları hızlı bir şekilde dijitalleşmeye yönlendirmiştir. Dolayısıyla, dijitalleşme olgusu bireylerin, işletmelerin ve ülkelerin karşılaştığı en kritik sorunlardan biri olarak günümüze damgasını vurmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 krizi etkisinde dijital ekonomide yaşanan gelişmeleri inceleyerek, küresel ekonomide dijitalizasyon açısından güncel bir profil sunmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde çalışmada içerik analizi ile ikincil veri kaynakları incelenerek bir sonuca varılması planlanmıştır. İçerik analizi ile incelenecek ikincil kaynakların seçiminde ise bazı özellikler belirlenmiştir. Bu özellikler çalışmanın Covid-19 pandemi dönemini kapsaması ve küresel ölçekte veri sağlaması şeklindedir. Covid-19 krizi, küresel olarak hala devam etmekle birlikte, dijital ekonomide yeni kaydedilen bilgiler geleceğe dönük öngörü çalışmaları için önemli bir veri kaynağı oluşturmaktadır. Covid-19 kriz dönemi içerisinde küresel ekonomide dijitalizasyon için “tüketici ve işletme” yönlü olarak göstergelerin incelenmesi dijital ekonominin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayabilir.

Keywords

digital economy digitalization Covid-19 crisis e-commerce market

References

  • Banga, K. (2020). Can the digital economy help mitigate the economic losses from COVID-19 in Kenya. Supporting Economic Transformation. London. https://set.odi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Can-the-digital-economy-help-mitigate-the-economic-losses-from-COVID-19-in-Kenya.pdf
  • Ba, S., & Bai, H. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic as an accelerator of economic transition and financial innovation in China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 18(4), 341-348. DOI: 10.1080/14765284.2020.1855394
  • BDO, (2020). Covid-19 Is Accelerating The Rise Of The Digital Economy. https://www.bdo.com/insights/business-financial-advisory/strategy,-technology-transformation/covid-19-is-accelerating-therise-of-the-digital-e
  • BEYO (2019). What are Holistic Approaches and Why Are Companies Using Them? https://beyo.global/thinking/what-are-holistic-approaches-and-why-are-companies-using-them
  • Borrett, A. (2021). More central banks are considering digital currencies since Covid-19. https://techmonitor.ai/leadership/innovation/more-central-banks-considering-digital-currencies-covid-19
  • Coppola, D. (2021). Statistics and facts about global e-commerce. https://www.statista.com/topics/871/online-shopping/#dossier-chapter1
  • Demircan Çakar, N., Gedikli, A. & Erdoğan, S. (2021). The Global Economic Hibernation: Macroeconomic Indicators and Health Management Policies. Duzce Medical Journal, 23 (Special Issue), 48-60. DOI: 10.18678/dtfd.902124
  • Digital Commerce 360 Staff (2021). Coronavirus adds $105 billion to US ecommerce in 2020. https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/article/coronavirus-impact-online-retail/
  • Elo, S. & Kyngas H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing 62(1), 107–115
  • European Center for Digital Competitiveness (2021). Digital Engagement Report 2021. Berlin: Germany. https://digital-competitiveness.eu/wp-content/uploads/Digital-Engagement-Report-2021.pdf
  • Erdoğan, S., Yıldırım, D.Ç., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Dynamics and determinants of inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic period in European Countries: A spatial panel data analysis. Duzce Medical Journal, 22 / Special Issue, 61-67. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.794107
  • ET Spotlight Special (2021). Cryptocurrency has risen despite the pandemic & is expected to continue, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/cryptocurrency/cryptocurrency-has-risen-despite-the-pandemic-is-expected-to-continue/articleshow/82800680.cms?from=mdr
  • European Commission, (2021). Digital Economy and Society Index 2021: overall progress in digital transition but need for new EU-wide efforts. Press release. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5481
  • Evans, M. (2021). Global e-commerce market to expand by $1 Trillion by 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelleevans1/2021/03/25/global-e-commerce-market-to-expand-by-us1-trillion-by-2025/?sh=132c908c6cc0
  • Global-e (2020). COVID-19: The Impact on Cross-Border Ecommerce, https://www.global-e.com/resource/covid-19-cross-border-ecommerce/
  • Hantrais, L., Allin, P., Kritikos, M., Sogomonjan, M., Anand, P. B., Livingstone, S., Williams, M. & Innes, M. (2021). Covid-19 and the digital revolution. Contemporary Social Science, 16:2, 256-270, DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2020.1833234
  • Hu, R. (2020). COVID-19, smart work, and collaborative space: A crisis-opportunity perspective. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 276-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2020.08.001
  • LaBerge, L, O’Toole, C., Schneider, J. & Smaje, K. (2020). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point—and transformed business forever, Survey. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever
  • McKibbin, W., & Fernando, R. (2020). The economic impact of COVID-19. Economics in the Time of COVID-19, 45(10.1162).
  • Roberts, N.M. & Haensly, P.A. (1984). Holistic synthesis in the social studies: A new approach to enrichment, Roeper Review, 7:2, 100-102. DOI: 10.1080/02783198409552861
  • OECD, (2014). Measuring the Digital Economy: A New Perspective, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/1443d3d7-en.pdf?expires=1642954737&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=14DB949718AD1FDB3D60E98EA69CDB10
  • OECD (2020). E-commerce in the time of COVID-19. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/e-commerce-in-the-time-of-covid-19-3a2b78e8/
  • Ozili, P.K. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis: the Nigerian experience and structural causes, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0074
  • Ozili, P.K. & Arun, T. (2020). Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the Global Economy. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3562570, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3562570
  • Öncü, M.A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S., & Erdoğan, F. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A case of Turkey. Duzce Medical Journal, 23 / Special Issue (Mart 2021): 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, (t.y.). Covid-19 Nedir?, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66300/covid-19-nedir, (Erişim tarihi: 23.1.2022).
  • Schiliro, D. (2020). Towards digital globalization and the covid-19 challenge. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100504/1/MPRA_paper_100504.pdf
  • Soto-Acosta, P. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Shifting digital transformation to a high-speed gear, Information Systems Management, 37:4, 260-266. DOI: 10.1080/10580530.2020.1814461
  • UN (2021). Global e-commerce jumps to $26.7 trillion, fuelled by COVID-19. UN News Global Perspective Human Stories. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/05/1091182
  • UN (2020). Pandemic has forever changed online shopping, UN-backed survey reveals. UN News Global perspective Human stories. Economic Development. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1074982
  • UNCTAD (2020). COVID-19 has changed online shopping forever, survey shows. https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-has-changed-online-shopping-forever-survey-shows
  • UNCTAD (2021). Technology and Innovation Report 2021, Catching technological waves Innovation with equity, UNCTAD/TIR/2020, United Nations, Geneva. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tir2020_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), (2021). Technology And Innovatıon Report 2021. Catching technological waves Innovation with equity. United Nations Publications, New York.
  • World Trade Organization (2020). E-Commerce, Trade and the COVID-19 Pandemic Information Note, 4 May 2020 Page: 1/8. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/ecommerce_report_e.pdf
  • Williams, L. D. (2021). Concepts of Digital Economy and Industry 4.0 in Intelligent and information systems, International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 2, 122-129
  • Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S.H., Yıldırım, D.Ç. & Erdoğan, F. (2021). Rethinking mobility of international university students during COVID-19 pandemic, Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 15 2. 98-113.
  • Yıldırım, S. & Bostancı, S.H. (2021). The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(3), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-04-2021-0049
  • Yildirim, S., Demirtas, I., & Yildirim, D. C. (2022). A Review of Alternative Economic Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development: The Rising Digitalization and Degrowth Post COVID-19. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (288-307). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8482-8.ch018
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Yıldırım 0000-0003-4367-6652

Seda Bostancı 0000-0002-3559-2224

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, S., & Bostancı, S. (2022). Covid-19 Krizi Etkisinde Dijital Ekonomide Yaşanan Gelişmelere Yönelik Nitel Bir Yaklaşım. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(1), 32-44.
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