Factors Impacting on Product and Process Innovation Capability: An Empirical Analysis on Manufacturing Firms in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 348 - 357, 30.12.2023

Alper Sönmez , Fazal Rahman Amirzai

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to empirically investigate the factors that impact on both product and process innovation capabilities of the manufacturing firms in Turkey. For this purpose, by using the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Survey (WEBS) database, the factors affecting innovation were analyzed by conducting binary logistic and bivariate probit regression analysis methods. The key findings can be summarized as follows: (i) remarkably, "internal R&D" activities of the firms emerge as a determining force in both product and process innovation activities of firms; (ii) while "Foreign Technology Use" reveals a weak effect on process innovation, it emerges as a key driver for firms' product innovation. This means that the likelihood of firms’ product innovation increases with the use of foreign technology; (iii) "Foreign Ownership" positively affects process innovation activities, according to the bivariate probit regression analysis; (iv) "Human Capital Development" positively impacts on both product and process innovation activities according to the findings of binary logistic regression analysis. The findings of the study reveal the importance of in-house R&D activities and using foreign technology in promoting the innovation activities of Turkish manufacturing firms.

Keywords

Innovation, Manufacturing Industry, Binary Logistic Regression, Bivariate Probit Regression

Ürün ve Süreç İnovasyon Yeteneğini Etkileyen Faktörler: Türkiye'deki İmalat Firmaları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'deki imalat sanayi firmalarının ürün ve süreç inovasyonu yeteneklerini etkileyen faktörleri ampirik olarak araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 2019 yılı Dünya Bankası İşletme Araştırması (WEBS) verileri kullanılarak, binary lojistik ve bivariate probit regresyon analizleri yöntemiyle, inovasyonu etkileyen faktörler analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel bulguları şu şekilde özetlenebilir: (i) “içsel Ar-Ge” faaliyetleri firmaların hem ürün hem de süreç inovasyonu faaliyetlerinde belirleyici bir güç olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır; (ii) "Yabancı Teknoloji Kullanımı" süreç inovasyonu konusunda zayıf bir etki ortaya koyarken, firmaların ürün inovasyonu için temel bir itici güç olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bulgu, firmaların ürün inovasyonu olasılığının yabancı teknoloji kullanımı ile arttığını ortaya koymaktadır; (iii) "Yabancı Sahiplik", bivariate probit regresyon analizi bulgularına göre, süreç inovasyonu faaliyetlerini olumlu olarak etkilemektedir; (iv) "Beşerî Sermaye Gelişimi", binary lojistik regresyon analizi bulgularına göre, ürün ve süreç inovasyonu faaliyetlerini pozitif olarak etkilemektedir. Bulgular, Türk imalat sanayi firmalarının inovasyon faaliyetlerini teşvik etmede kurum içi Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin ve yabancı teknoloji kullanımının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

İnovasyon, İmalat Sanayi, Binary Lojistik Regresyon, Bivariate Probit Regresyon

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