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Politicial Crises’ Implications on UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 145 - 161, 15.03.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’nde yer alan ve politik krizler sonucunda zarar gören ve hatta yok olan Yemen, Irak ve Suriye’deki miras alanları hakkında bilgi vermektir. Krizler ilk olarak yakın çevresini etkisi altına alan ve durdurulamadığında tüm dünyaya yayılabilen yıkıcı olaylardır. Krizin her türü son derece etkili olabilmektedir. Ancak özellikle son beş yılda yaşanan politik krizler silahli çatışma, terör saldırıları ve savaşa dönüşerek tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almıştır. Politik krizler hiç şüphesiz insan yaşamı için en büyük tehdidi oluşturmaktadır. Ancak kültürel miras için de çok büyük bir tehlikedir. Tarihi yok etmeye çalışan, tarihin kanıtlarını ortadan kaldırmak isteyen ve kültürlerin izlerini silmek isteyen saldırganların ilk hedefi maalesef kültürel miras alanları olmaktadır. Kültürel miras alanları bir kültürün, bir ulusun yıkım sonrasında yeniden doğuşunda çok büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Şeyh Edebali’nin de sözünde belirttiği gibi “Geçmişini iyi bil ki, geleceğe sağlam basasın; nereden geldiğini unutma ki, nereye gideceğini şaşırmayasın.” Bu nedenle kültürel miras alanları kültürlerin, uygarlıkların, ulusların, toplulukların ve tarihin devam etmesi için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu alanların her ne şart altında olursa olsun mutlaka korunması ve onarılması gerekmektedir.

References

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Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 145 - 161, 15.03.2017

Abstract

References

  • Ali, C. (2015). The Association for the Protection of Syrian Archaeology and The American Schools of Oriental Research Cultural Heritage Initiatives Report: Palmyra: Heritage Adrift.
  • American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR). (2015). Syrian Heritage Report. www.asor-syrianheritage.org: www.asor-syrianheritage.org/reports/
  • Bogdanos, M. (2005). The Casualities of War: The Truth about the Iraq Museum. American Journal of Archaeology , 109 (3), 477-526.
  • Cheikhmous, A. (2013). Syrian Heritage under Threat. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies , 1 (4), 351-366.
  • Cockburn, P. (2015). The Independent- Iraq: Isis militants pledge to destroy remaining archaeological treasures in Nimrud. www.independent.co.uk:
  • http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-isis-militants-pledge-to-destroy-remaining-archaeological-treasures-in-nimrud-10076133.html
  • Çiftci, G. (2015). Turizm İşletmelerinde Kriz Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Örgütsel Öğrenme Ve İşletme Performansı Açısından Ampirik Olarak Analizi. Tamamlanmış Doktora Tezi, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü . Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
  • Embassy of the United States of America. (2014). Heritage in Peril Iraq and Syria. USA Department of State Bureu of International Information Programs.
  • Engele, M. (2015). The Destruction of Antiquity in Syria and Iraq: We Ought to Care about a Viable Solution. MUSe , 2 (1), 141-156.
  • Hladík, J. (2006). Protecting Cultural Heritage: International Law after the War in Iraq . International Standards Section, Division of Cultural Heritage, UNESCO. Chicago, USA.
  • ICRC. (2015). International Committee of the Red Cross. www.icrc.org: https://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v2_cha_chapter4_rule14
  • Institute for Crisis Management. (2015). Institute for Crisis Management. http://crisisconsultant.com.
  • Khalid, T. (2015). Iraq churches, mosques under ISIL attack. www.mawtani.al-shorfa.com.
  • Küçükaltan, D., Aydın, T. Ş., & Çiftci, G. (2015). Otel İşletmelerinde Kriz Yönetimi. Ankara, Türkiye: Detay Yayınevi.
  • Ritchie, B. (2003). Chaos, Crises and Disasters: A Strategic Approach to Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry. Tourism Management , 25 (1), 670-681.
  • Shaoul, J. (2015). Reports Reveal Scale of Destruction of Syria’s World Historic Heritage. World Socialist Web Site: http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/12/25/syri-d29.html.
  • Toronto Star. (2015). Ancient site Khorsabad attacked by Islamic State.
  • Trbovich, A. (2008). A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration. Oxford University Press.
  • UNESCO. (2015). World Heritage List. www.whc.unesco.org: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/385
  • UNESCO. (2015). www.unesco.org: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/unesco_director_general_calls_on_all_parties_to_protect_yemens_cultural_heritage/#.VVRF4ZPEimA UNESCO Armed Conflict and Heritage. (2015). Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. www.unesco.org: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/armed-conflict-and-heritage/the-hague-convention/
  • UNESCO Media Services. (2015). www.unesco.org: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/the_director_general_of_unesco_condemns_the_destruction_of_historic_buildings_in_the_old_city_of_sanaa_yemen/#.Vn0iZ7aLTMw.
  • UNESCO. (2015). UNESCO World Heritage in Danger. http://whc.unesco.org: http://whc.unesco.org/en/158/ UNESCO. (2015). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Heritage List Statistics, List of World Heritage in Danger, http://whc.unesco.org: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/stat/#s9 UNITAR. (2015). United Nations Institute for Training and Research. www.unitar.org: http://www.unitar.org/unosat/chs-syria
  • World Heritage Center. (2015). http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1325/: http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1325/
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülsel Çiftçi

Publication Date March 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çiftçi, G. (2017). Politicial Crises’ Implications on UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 145-161.