THE FACTORS THAT THREATEN THE MIGRATORY BIRDS

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 77 - 89, 31.07.2019

Nuri Kaan Özkazanç , Emir Özay

Abstract

Birds differ from other animals with their many differences morphological
and biological features. Many bird species have adapted to living in water, on
land and in the air with these features. Feathers covering the bodies are not
found in any other animal group. There are between 8500 and 10000 bird species
in the world. In Turkey, there are 487 species of birds. Another important
reason that is been much of the bird species in Turkey, Turkey have two major
bird migration that passing through Anatolia's.

 

But Birds, which are an important part of
biodiversity, are threatened by many different factors both in local habitats
and during migration. Due to these factors, some bird species' populations
decrease while some species decrease globally. In this study, the factors that
threaten birds on a global scale are compiled and recommendations are made
about the measures that can be taken in line with the results obtained. Factors
that threaten birds can be listed as follows.

1.      
Natural Enemies

2.      
Climate
Conditions

3.      
Natural
disasters

a)      
Hurricanes,
storms and other strong winds

b)      
Snowstorm,
extreme cold

c)      
Earthquakes and
landslides

d)      
Volcano
eruptions

e)      
Floods and
tsunamis

f)       
Natural forest
fires

g)      
Drought and heat
waves

4.      
Human Influence

a)      
Destruction of
Living Areas

·        
Environmental
pollution

·        
Industrialization

·        
Urbanization

·        
Destruction of
forests:

b)      
Large Scale
Commercial Investments

·        
Dams and Hydroelectric
power stations

·        
Thermal power
plants

·        
High voltage
lines

·        
Wind Turbines

·        
Airports and
highways:

c)      
Agricultural
applications

·        
Barbed wires

·        
Drying of
wetlands

·        
Pesticides

d)      
Hunting

 

As a result of the researches, the factors that
threaten the birds are listed as natural enemies, climate conditions, natural
disasters and human. It is emphasized that the most dangerous of these factors
is human and the reduction of human factors is the most effective way to
protect birds. Nevertheless, some measures to be taken to protect birds against
natural factors can be listed as follows.

1.      
Control of
populations against any epidemic diseases in domestic bird populations and
application of disinfection where possible,

2.      
Reducing the
populations of overgrowing predators, provided that the natural balance is not
disturbed,

3.      
In case of
climatic events (drought, snow, cold), which exceed the seasonal norms and
reach a level that threatens the birds, the provision of supplementary
nutrients, water and artificial shelter (bird's nest, birdhouse) to the
habitats,

4.      
Improving the
habitats as soon as possible after taking into account the magnitude of the
damage after natural disasters and providing the necessary needs for birds in
the area (water, food, etc.).

5.      
To create
donation campaigns and public opinion to support rescue organizations in the
affected areas in natural disasters to support rescue projects, to support
volunteers,

6.      
Support renewal
conservation efforts such as habitat restoration after natural disaster or
captive bird breeding programs

Keywords

Bird, migrant, danger, human, factor

THE FACTORS THAT THREATEN THE MIGRATORY BIRDS

Abstract

Biyolojik çeşitliliğin önemli parçası olan kuşlar hem
yerel yaşam alanlarında hem de göç esnasında birçok farklı etmen tarafından
tehdit edilmektedir. Bu etmenler sebebi ile bazı kuş türlerinin popülasyonları
azalırken bazı türlerde küresel ölçekli azalmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile
küresel ölçekli olarak kuşları tehdit eden etmenler derlenmiş ve elde edilen
sonuçlar doğrultusunda alınabilecek önlemler hakkında öneriler yapılmıştır.
Araştırmalar sonucunda kuşları tehdit eden faktörler doğal düşmanlar, iklim şartları, doğal afetler ve insanlar
olarak sıralanmıştır. Bu faktörlerden en tehlikelisinin insan olduğu ve kuşları
korumak için insan kaynaklı faktörlerin azaltılmasının en etkili yol olduğu
vurgulanmıştır. 

Keywords

Kuş, göçmen, tehlike, insan, faktör

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