As a result of the transition from nomadic life to settled life,
small-scale settlement areas have gradually grown and settlement areas of
various sizes have been formed from neighborhood scale to urban scale.
Migration from rural areas to urban areas started due to problems such as
livelihoods, education and employment, and housing problems emerged with the
migration. The biggest trigger of migration is the job opportunities created by
the industrialization process in the cities. As a result of intensive migration
to cities and increasing human activities, environmental problems have also
increased. The Industrial Revolution brought the modern urbanization phenomenon
in the western countries but revealed the problem of slum which is an unhealthy
structure for the less developed countries. With the slums, problems such as
unhealthy construction in cities, bad environmental conditions, distorted
urbanization and lack of infrastructure have arisen.
Slums are mostly seen in big and developed cities. In the big cities
in our country, the slums have gradually increased and become unblockable. The
law was enacted in 1948 to prevent the slum and in the 1950s, a rapid
transformation process was initiated to eliminate the slum problem in our
country. In this transformation process, cities continued to grow by ignoring
the areas with disaster risks, natural environment, cultural and historical
environment. The search for a solution to all these problems in a short time
and in a healthy way has brought the phenomenon of urban transformation into
the agenda. With the urban transformation, it is aimed to regain all the
collapse areas existing in the city. Urban transformation projects have been
initiated by local administrations in cities to solve the problems of squatters
and distorted urbanization.
Urban transformation; as a comprehensive and integrated action, to
improve the physical, social, economic and environmental conditions of an area.
Although urban transformation is a concept that incorporates all of the
practices for renewing the existing structure of the city, many different views
have emerged in the forms of implementation. According to Keleş (1998), if the
objectives of urban transformation are listed; spatial cleaning, regeneration,
renewal, revitalization, rehabilitation and gentrification. Urban
transformation projects need to be planned with an ecological approach to
provide people with a healthy and quality living space. However, the urban
transformation process in our country focuses only on the renewal and
transformation of the built environment both in the project phase and in the
implementation phase and lacks the ecological dimension.
While urban transformation projects are carried out, care must be
taken not only to meet the demands of the users but also to develop
environmentally friendly and environmentally sensitive projects. An ecological
urban transformation project should include ecological planning, ecological
urban design and ecological building design decisions. All of the decisions to
be taken during the planning and design stage constitute the infrastructure of
the other stages. Therefore, bringing ecological dimension to urban
transformation projects is important as the basic approach that should be
adopted in order to build livable and sustainable cities.
In this article, comprehensive evaluations are made and suggestions
are made on bringing ecological dimension to urban transformation projects in
the fiction presented above.
Urban transformation ecological urban design ecological urban planning ecological architecture
Kentlere yaşanan yoğun göç ve insan
aktivitelerinin artmasıyla birlikte çevre sorunlarında da artış
gerçekleşmiştir. Geçim sıkıntıları, eğitim, iş bulma gibi faktörler kırsal
alanlardan kentlere göçün artmasına neden olmuştur. Yaşanan bu yoğun göç sonucunda
kentlerde gecekondulaşma, sağlıksız yapılaşma, kötü çevre koşulları, çarpık
kentleşme, alt yapı yetersizliği gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Dünya’da ve
Türkiye’de çarpık kentleşme ve gecekondulaşmanın önüne geçilememiş ve hızlı bir
şekilde artmıştır. Tüm bu mevcut sorunlara en kısa sürede ve sağlıklı bir
şekilde çözüm üretilmesi arayışları kentsel dönüşüm olgusunu gündeme
getirmiştir. Kentsel dönüşümle mevcut olan tüm çöküntü alanlarının kente
yeniden kazandırılması amaç edinilmiştir. Ülkemizde kentsel dönüşüm denilince
akla ilk gelen kente sağlıklı ve yaşanılabilir bir alan kazandırmak için
gecekondu alanlarının yıkılmasıdır.
Ancak, ülkemizdeki kentsel dönüşüm süreci gerek proje aşamasında gerekse
uygulama aşamasında sadece yapılı çevrenin yenilenerek dönüşümüne odaklanmıştır
ve ekolojik boyuttan yoksundur. Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri yapılırken hem
kullanıcıların isteklerini karşılayıp hem de doğayla uyumlu ve çevre duyarlı
projelerin geliştirilmesine özen gösterilmelidir. Bu makalede, kentsel dönüşüm
projelerine ekolojik boyut kazandırılması üzerine değerlendirmeler
yapılmaktadır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Architecture |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |