Meme kanseri ve ovulasyon indüksiyonu
Year 2019,
Volume: 3 Issue: 8, 612 - 618, 01.08.2019
Fatma Devran Bıldırcın
,
Ayşe Özdemir
,
Pervin Karlı
,
Mehmet Bilge Çetinkaya
Abstract
Meme kanseri, üreme çağındaki kadınların en sık görülen malignitesidir. Günümüzde meme kanseri erken teşhis edilir ve hastaların sağkalım oranı yüksektir. Bu nedenle hamile kalmak isteyen hastalar çok yaygındır. Bu derlemede doğurganlığın korunması, ovulasyon indüksiyonu ve indikiyonun güvenliği ve gebelik sonuçları tartışılmıştır.
References
- 1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010 Sep-Oct;60(5):277-300.
- 2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Jan;63(1):11-30.
- 3. National Institute of Cancer. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2012 Cancer of the Female Breast (Invasive). 2015. National Cancer Institute, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2012/browse_csr.php.sectionSE
- 4. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH, Patrizio P, Wallace WH, Hagerty K et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18):2917-31.
- 5. Oktay K, Cil AP, Bang H. Efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jul;86(1):70-80.
- 6. Lawrenz B, Banys M, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E, Grischke EM, Fehm T. Pregnancy after breast cancer: case report and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 Apr;283(4):837-43.
- 7. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R, Hoekstra HJ, Pavlidis N, Kesic V, Pentheroudakis G; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24 Suppl 6:vi160-70.
- 8. Demeestere I, Brice P, Peccatori FA, Kentos A, Dupuis J, Zachee P, Casasnovas O, Van Den Neste E, Dechene J, De Maertelaer V, Bron D, Englert Y. No Evidence for the Benefit of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Preserving Ovarian Function and Fertility in Lymphoma Survivors Treated With Chemotherapy: Final Long-Term Report of a Prospective Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;34(22):2568-74.
- 9. Oktay K, Briggs D, Gosden RG. Ontogeny of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene expression in isolated human ovarian follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3748-51.
- 10. Pereira N, Reichman DE, Goldschlag DE, Lekovich JP, Rosenwaks Z. Impact of elevated peak serum estradiol levels during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on the birth weight of term singletons from fresh IVF-ET cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015;32:527–532.
- 11. Clemons M, Goss P. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 25;344(4):276-85. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2001 Jun 7;344(23):1804.
- 12. Christopoulos PF, Msaouel P, Koutsilieris M. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 system in breast cancer. Mol Cancer. 2015 Feb 15;14:43. doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0291-7. Review.
- 13. Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC. Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 May;17(5):1474-81.
- 14. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Lostritto K, Oktay K. Relative potencies of anastrozole and letrozole to suppress estradiol in breast cancer patients undergoing ovarian stimulation before in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2197-200.
- 15. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, Oktem O, Safro B, Cil A, Bang H. Letrozole reduces estrogen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;91(10):3885-90.
- 16. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Oktay K. Safety of fertility preservation by ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins in patients with breast cancer: a prospective controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2630-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8700.
- 17. Oktay K, Turan V, Bedoschi G, Pacheco FS, Moy F. Fertility Preservation Success Subsequent to Concurrent Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment and Ovarian Stimulation in Women With Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 1;33(22):2424-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.3723.
- 18. Reddy J, Oktay K. Ovarian stimulation and fertility preservation with the use of aromatase inhibitors in women with breast cancer. Fertil Steril. 2012 Dec;98(6):1363-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.022.
- 19. Boostanfar R, Jain JK, Mishell DR Jr, Paulson RJ. A prospective randomized trial comparing clomiphene citrate with tamoxifen citrate for ovulation induction. Fertil Steril. 2001 May;75(5):1024-6.
- 20. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E, Paluch-Shimon S, Shapira M, Cohen Y et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility-preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril. 2014 Aug;102(2):488-495.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.017.
- 21. Oktay K, Buyuk E, Libertella N, Akar M, Rosenwaks Z. Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients: a prospective controlled comparison of ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen and letrozole for embryo cryopreservation. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 1;23(19):4347-53.
- 22. Oktay K, Kim JY, Barad D, Babayev SN. Association of BRCA1 mutations with occult primary ovarian insufficiency: a possible explanation for the link between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer risks. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 10;28(2):240-4. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.2057.
- 23. Finch A, Valentini A, Greenblatt E, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Armel S, Neuhausen SL, Kim-Sing C, Tung N, Karlan B, Foulkes WD, Sun P, Narod S; Hereditary Breast Cancer Study Group. Frequency of premature menopause in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1724-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.109.
- 24. Phillips KA, Collins IM, Milne RL, McLachlan SA, Friedlander M, Hickey M e tal.Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab). Anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentrations of women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Hum Reprod. 2016 May;31(5):1126-32. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew044.
- 25. Baynosa J, Westphal LM, Madrigrano A, Wapnir I. Timing of breast cancer treatments with oocyte retrieval and embryo cryopreservation. J Am Coll Surg.2009 Nov;209(5):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.08.006.
- 26. Humaidan P, Bungum L, Bungum M, Hald F, Agerholm I, Blaabjerg J et al. Reproductive outcome using a GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) for luteolysis and follicular synchronization in poor responder IVF/ICSI patients treated with a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005 Dec;11(6):679-84.
- 27. Cakmak H, Rosen MP. Ovarian stimulation in cancer patients. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1476-84. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.029. Review.
- 28. Anderson RA, Kinniburgh D, Baird DT. Preliminary experience of the use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist in ovulation induction/in-vitro fertilization prior to cancer treatment. Hum Reprod. 1999 Oct;14(10):2665-8.
- 29. Cakmak H, Katz A, Cedars MI, Rosen MP. Effective method for emergency fertility preservation: random-start controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2013 Dec;100(6):1673-80. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1992.
- 30. Bentov Y, Esfandiari N, Gokturk A, Burstein E, Fainaru O, Casper RF. An ongoing pregnancy from two waves of follicles developing during a long follicular phase of the same cycle. Fertil Steril. 2010 Jun;94(1):350.e8-11. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.033.
- 31. Kuang Y, Chen Q, Hong Q, Lyu Q, Ai A, Fu Y, Shoham Z. Double stimulations during the follicular and luteal phases of poor responders in IVF/ICSI programmes (Shanghai protocol). Reprod Biomed Online. 2014 Dec;29(6):684-91. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.08.009.
- 32. Tsampras N, Gould D, Fitzgerald CT. Double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim) protocol for fertility preservation in female oncology patients. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2017 Dec;20(4):248-253. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1287433.
- 33. Cakmak H, Fujimoto VY, Zamah AM, Rosen MP, Tran ND, Cedars MI et al.. Metaphase II (MII) oocytesobtained at different time points in thesame in vitro fertilization cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012 Nov;29(11):1203-5
- 34. Martínez F, Clua E, Devesa M, Rodríguez I, Arroyo G, González C et al. Comparison of starting ovarian stimulation on day 2 versus day 15 of the menstrual cycle in the same oocyte donor and pregnancy rates among the corresponding recipients of vitrified oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2014 Nov;102(5):1307-11. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.741.
- 35. Vizcaíno, M. A. C., Corchado, A. R., Cuadri, M. E. S. I., Comadran, M. G., Brassesco, M., Carreras, R. The effects of letrozole on ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in cancer-affected women. Reproductive biomedicine online,2012; 24(6), 606-610.
- 36. Youssef MA, Van der Veen F, Al-Inany HG, Mochtar MH, Griesinger G, Nagi Mohesen M et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus HCG for oocyte triggering in antagonist-assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 31;(10):CD008046. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008046.pub4. Review.
- 37. Gallicchio L, Macdonald R, Wood B, Rushovich E, Helzlsouer KJ. Androgens and musculoskeletal symptoms among breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitör therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Nov;130(2):569-77. doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1611-2.
- 38. Peters AA, Buchanan G, Ricciardelli C, Bianco-Miotto T, Centenera MM, Harris JM et al. Androgen receptor inhibits estrogen receptor-alpha activity and is prognostic in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2009 Aug 1;69(15):6131-40. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0452.
- 39. Anderson RA, Wallace WH. Antimüllerian hormone, the assessment of the ovarian reserve, and the reproductive outcome of the young patient with cancer. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1469-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.014.
- 40. Friedler S, Koc O, Gidoni Y, Raziel A, Ron-El R. Ovarian response to stimulation for fertility preservation in women with malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):125-33. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.014.
- 41. Demicheli R, Abbattista A, Miceli R, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Time distribution of the recurrence risk for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: further support about the concept of tumor dormancy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;41(2):177-85.
- 42. Braems GDH, de Wever O, Cocquyt V, van den Broecke R. Use of tamoxifen before and during pregnancy. Oncologist. 2011;16:1547–1551.
- 43. Sharma S, Ghosh S, Singh S, Chakravarty A, Ganesh A, Rajani S et al. Congenital malformations among babies born following letrozole or clomiphene for infertility treatment. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e108219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108219.
- 44. Tatsumi T, Jwa SC, Kuwahara A, Irahara M, Kubota T, Saito H. No increased risk of major congenital anomalies or adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes following letrozole use in assisted reproductive technology. Hum Reprod. 2017 Jan;32(1):125-132.
- 45. Tulandi T, Martin J, Al-Fadhli R, Kabli N, Forman R, Hitkari J, Librach C, Greenblatt E, Casper RF. Congenital malformations among 911 newborns conceived after infertility treatment with letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jun;85(6):1761-5.
- 46. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2015 Oct 3;386(10001):1341-1352. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61074-1.
- 47. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Lostritto K, Oktay K. Relative potencies of anastrozole and letrozole to suppress estradiol in breast cancer patients undergoing ovarian stimulation before in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2197-200.
- 48. Kim J, Turan V, Oktay K. Long-Term Safety of Letrozole and Gonadotropin Stimulation for Fertility Preservation in Women With Breast Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;101(4):1364-71. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3878.
- 49. Oktay K. Further evidence on the safety and success of ovarian stimulation with letrozole and tamoxifen in breast cancer patients undergoing in vitro fertilization to cryopreserve their embryos for fertility preservation. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3858-9.
Breast cancer and ovulation induction
Year 2019,
Volume: 3 Issue: 8, 612 - 618, 01.08.2019
Fatma Devran Bıldırcın
,
Ayşe Özdemir
,
Pervin Karlı
,
Mehmet Bilge Çetinkaya
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women at reproductive age. Nowadays, with increasing early diagnosis, survival rate is higher, which is why the number of patients wanting to get pregnant are on the rise. Fertility preservation, ovulation induction, the safety of these interventions and pregnancy results are discussed in this review.
References
- 1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010 Sep-Oct;60(5):277-300.
- 2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Jan;63(1):11-30.
- 3. National Institute of Cancer. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2012 Cancer of the Female Breast (Invasive). 2015. National Cancer Institute, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2012/browse_csr.php.sectionSE
- 4. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH, Patrizio P, Wallace WH, Hagerty K et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18):2917-31.
- 5. Oktay K, Cil AP, Bang H. Efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jul;86(1):70-80.
- 6. Lawrenz B, Banys M, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E, Grischke EM, Fehm T. Pregnancy after breast cancer: case report and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 Apr;283(4):837-43.
- 7. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R, Hoekstra HJ, Pavlidis N, Kesic V, Pentheroudakis G; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24 Suppl 6:vi160-70.
- 8. Demeestere I, Brice P, Peccatori FA, Kentos A, Dupuis J, Zachee P, Casasnovas O, Van Den Neste E, Dechene J, De Maertelaer V, Bron D, Englert Y. No Evidence for the Benefit of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Preserving Ovarian Function and Fertility in Lymphoma Survivors Treated With Chemotherapy: Final Long-Term Report of a Prospective Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;34(22):2568-74.
- 9. Oktay K, Briggs D, Gosden RG. Ontogeny of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene expression in isolated human ovarian follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3748-51.
- 10. Pereira N, Reichman DE, Goldschlag DE, Lekovich JP, Rosenwaks Z. Impact of elevated peak serum estradiol levels during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on the birth weight of term singletons from fresh IVF-ET cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015;32:527–532.
- 11. Clemons M, Goss P. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 25;344(4):276-85. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2001 Jun 7;344(23):1804.
- 12. Christopoulos PF, Msaouel P, Koutsilieris M. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 system in breast cancer. Mol Cancer. 2015 Feb 15;14:43. doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0291-7. Review.
- 13. Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC. Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 May;17(5):1474-81.
- 14. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Lostritto K, Oktay K. Relative potencies of anastrozole and letrozole to suppress estradiol in breast cancer patients undergoing ovarian stimulation before in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2197-200.
- 15. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, Oktem O, Safro B, Cil A, Bang H. Letrozole reduces estrogen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;91(10):3885-90.
- 16. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Oktay K. Safety of fertility preservation by ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins in patients with breast cancer: a prospective controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2630-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8700.
- 17. Oktay K, Turan V, Bedoschi G, Pacheco FS, Moy F. Fertility Preservation Success Subsequent to Concurrent Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment and Ovarian Stimulation in Women With Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 1;33(22):2424-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.3723.
- 18. Reddy J, Oktay K. Ovarian stimulation and fertility preservation with the use of aromatase inhibitors in women with breast cancer. Fertil Steril. 2012 Dec;98(6):1363-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.022.
- 19. Boostanfar R, Jain JK, Mishell DR Jr, Paulson RJ. A prospective randomized trial comparing clomiphene citrate with tamoxifen citrate for ovulation induction. Fertil Steril. 2001 May;75(5):1024-6.
- 20. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E, Paluch-Shimon S, Shapira M, Cohen Y et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility-preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril. 2014 Aug;102(2):488-495.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.017.
- 21. Oktay K, Buyuk E, Libertella N, Akar M, Rosenwaks Z. Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients: a prospective controlled comparison of ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen and letrozole for embryo cryopreservation. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 1;23(19):4347-53.
- 22. Oktay K, Kim JY, Barad D, Babayev SN. Association of BRCA1 mutations with occult primary ovarian insufficiency: a possible explanation for the link between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer risks. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 10;28(2):240-4. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.2057.
- 23. Finch A, Valentini A, Greenblatt E, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Armel S, Neuhausen SL, Kim-Sing C, Tung N, Karlan B, Foulkes WD, Sun P, Narod S; Hereditary Breast Cancer Study Group. Frequency of premature menopause in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1724-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.109.
- 24. Phillips KA, Collins IM, Milne RL, McLachlan SA, Friedlander M, Hickey M e tal.Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab). Anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentrations of women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Hum Reprod. 2016 May;31(5):1126-32. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew044.
- 25. Baynosa J, Westphal LM, Madrigrano A, Wapnir I. Timing of breast cancer treatments with oocyte retrieval and embryo cryopreservation. J Am Coll Surg.2009 Nov;209(5):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.08.006.
- 26. Humaidan P, Bungum L, Bungum M, Hald F, Agerholm I, Blaabjerg J et al. Reproductive outcome using a GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) for luteolysis and follicular synchronization in poor responder IVF/ICSI patients treated with a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005 Dec;11(6):679-84.
- 27. Cakmak H, Rosen MP. Ovarian stimulation in cancer patients. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1476-84. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.029. Review.
- 28. Anderson RA, Kinniburgh D, Baird DT. Preliminary experience of the use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist in ovulation induction/in-vitro fertilization prior to cancer treatment. Hum Reprod. 1999 Oct;14(10):2665-8.
- 29. Cakmak H, Katz A, Cedars MI, Rosen MP. Effective method for emergency fertility preservation: random-start controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2013 Dec;100(6):1673-80. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1992.
- 30. Bentov Y, Esfandiari N, Gokturk A, Burstein E, Fainaru O, Casper RF. An ongoing pregnancy from two waves of follicles developing during a long follicular phase of the same cycle. Fertil Steril. 2010 Jun;94(1):350.e8-11. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.033.
- 31. Kuang Y, Chen Q, Hong Q, Lyu Q, Ai A, Fu Y, Shoham Z. Double stimulations during the follicular and luteal phases of poor responders in IVF/ICSI programmes (Shanghai protocol). Reprod Biomed Online. 2014 Dec;29(6):684-91. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.08.009.
- 32. Tsampras N, Gould D, Fitzgerald CT. Double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim) protocol for fertility preservation in female oncology patients. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2017 Dec;20(4):248-253. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1287433.
- 33. Cakmak H, Fujimoto VY, Zamah AM, Rosen MP, Tran ND, Cedars MI et al.. Metaphase II (MII) oocytesobtained at different time points in thesame in vitro fertilization cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012 Nov;29(11):1203-5
- 34. Martínez F, Clua E, Devesa M, Rodríguez I, Arroyo G, González C et al. Comparison of starting ovarian stimulation on day 2 versus day 15 of the menstrual cycle in the same oocyte donor and pregnancy rates among the corresponding recipients of vitrified oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2014 Nov;102(5):1307-11. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.741.
- 35. Vizcaíno, M. A. C., Corchado, A. R., Cuadri, M. E. S. I., Comadran, M. G., Brassesco, M., Carreras, R. The effects of letrozole on ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in cancer-affected women. Reproductive biomedicine online,2012; 24(6), 606-610.
- 36. Youssef MA, Van der Veen F, Al-Inany HG, Mochtar MH, Griesinger G, Nagi Mohesen M et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus HCG for oocyte triggering in antagonist-assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 31;(10):CD008046. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008046.pub4. Review.
- 37. Gallicchio L, Macdonald R, Wood B, Rushovich E, Helzlsouer KJ. Androgens and musculoskeletal symptoms among breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitör therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Nov;130(2):569-77. doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1611-2.
- 38. Peters AA, Buchanan G, Ricciardelli C, Bianco-Miotto T, Centenera MM, Harris JM et al. Androgen receptor inhibits estrogen receptor-alpha activity and is prognostic in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2009 Aug 1;69(15):6131-40. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0452.
- 39. Anderson RA, Wallace WH. Antimüllerian hormone, the assessment of the ovarian reserve, and the reproductive outcome of the young patient with cancer. Fertil Steril. 2013 May;99(6):1469-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.014.
- 40. Friedler S, Koc O, Gidoni Y, Raziel A, Ron-El R. Ovarian response to stimulation for fertility preservation in women with malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):125-33. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.014.
- 41. Demicheli R, Abbattista A, Miceli R, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Time distribution of the recurrence risk for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: further support about the concept of tumor dormancy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;41(2):177-85.
- 42. Braems GDH, de Wever O, Cocquyt V, van den Broecke R. Use of tamoxifen before and during pregnancy. Oncologist. 2011;16:1547–1551.
- 43. Sharma S, Ghosh S, Singh S, Chakravarty A, Ganesh A, Rajani S et al. Congenital malformations among babies born following letrozole or clomiphene for infertility treatment. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e108219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108219.
- 44. Tatsumi T, Jwa SC, Kuwahara A, Irahara M, Kubota T, Saito H. No increased risk of major congenital anomalies or adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes following letrozole use in assisted reproductive technology. Hum Reprod. 2017 Jan;32(1):125-132.
- 45. Tulandi T, Martin J, Al-Fadhli R, Kabli N, Forman R, Hitkari J, Librach C, Greenblatt E, Casper RF. Congenital malformations among 911 newborns conceived after infertility treatment with letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jun;85(6):1761-5.
- 46. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2015 Oct 3;386(10001):1341-1352. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61074-1.
- 47. Azim AA, Costantini-Ferrando M, Lostritto K, Oktay K. Relative potencies of anastrozole and letrozole to suppress estradiol in breast cancer patients undergoing ovarian stimulation before in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2197-200.
- 48. Kim J, Turan V, Oktay K. Long-Term Safety of Letrozole and Gonadotropin Stimulation for Fertility Preservation in Women With Breast Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;101(4):1364-71. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3878.
- 49. Oktay K. Further evidence on the safety and success of ovarian stimulation with letrozole and tamoxifen in breast cancer patients undergoing in vitro fertilization to cryopreserve their embryos for fertility preservation. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3858-9.