The temperance movement, which emerged in the 19th century with a scientific foundation, and the degeneration discourse found a place in the Ottoman Empire nearly simultaneously with Europe. The influence of doctors educated in Europe played a pivotal role in this process. While the temperance movement and the discourse on degeneration swiftly integrated into the Ottoman Empire's educational system, they assumed a more radical form in the Republic of Turkey. This study explores how the temperance movement and the degeneration discourse were incorporated into Turkey's education system during the single-party period. Commencing from the early years of the Republic's establishment, the Hilâl-i Ahdar Society, alongside a cadre of distinguished psychiatrists affiliated with the society, assumes a leading role in initiatives aimed at imparting anti-alcohol education to the youth. It has been seen that degeneration is addressed from two perspectives, especially in textbooks and magazines for the youth: biological and social. Biological degeneration was rooted in the belief that alcohol use would lead to a corrupt race. On the other hand, social degeneration viewed alcohol use as a problem capable of causing societal disarray, economic instability, and moral decay. In both dimensions, a connection was established between the anti-alcohol movement, the country's population policy, and notions of patriotism in the educational system.
Since this research is carried out within the framework of archive documents and related literature, it does not require ethics committee approval.
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Primary Language | English |
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Subjects | Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Project Number | - |
Publication Date | October 25, 2023 |
Acceptance Date | October 23, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 |