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Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 30.05.2022

Emek Aslı Cinel

https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1098877

Abstract

Günümüzde eğitim odaklı yatırımlar, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerini belirlemede ve ekonomik hedeflerini gerçekleştirmede temel unsurlar içerisinde yer almaktadır. Eğitim amaçlı yapılan yatırımlar, bireye ve topluma fayda sağlamakla birlikte verimlilikte meydana getirdiği olumlu etkiler nedeniyle büyümenin ana unsuru olarak görülmektedir. Eğitim harcamaları, ülke milli gelir düzeyi ile üretim seviyesini doğrudan etkilemekte, hayat standartlarını yükseltmekte ve bilgi, buluş gibi faktörleri teşvik etmektedir. Çalışma Türkiye’de son on yıllık süreç içerisinde eğitime verilen önem ve yeterliliği OECD ülkeleriyle karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada öncelikli olarak OECD internet sitesinden elde edilen eğitim istatistiklerinden yararlanılmış olup daha sonra eğitim düzeyi ve harcamaları açısından Türkiye ile OECD ülkelerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde Türkiye’de eğitim harcamalarının yetersiz olduğu, eğitime verilen önemin OECD ülkelerine göre oldukça düşük düzeyde kaldığı ve Türkiye’nin eğitim alanındaki sorunlarının kronikleşmeye başladığı görülmektedir.

Keywords

Eğitim Ekonomik Büyüme Türkiye OECD Ülkeleri

References

  • Afşar, M. (2009). Educational investments and economic growth in Turkey. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 85-98.
  • Arabacı, İ.B. (2011). Education expenditures in Turkey and OECD countries. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 10(35), 100-112.
  • Arrow, K. (1962). The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies, 29, 155-173.
  • Arslan, A. (2004). Efficiency, effectiveness and control in public expenditures . Journal of Finance, 140,76-89.
  • Barro, R.J. (1998). Human capital and growth in cross-country regressions. Harvard University, Manuscript, October.
  • Bozkurt, C. (2015). Information-communication, education, health and economic growth relationship in Turkey: An Empirical Approach. Journal of Business and Economics Studies (JBES), 3(2), 45-56.
  • Cheng, B.S. & Hsu, R.C. (1997). Human capital and economic growth in Japan: An application of time series analysis. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 393-395.
  • Çalışkan, Ş., Karabacak, M. & Meçik, O. (2013). The relationship between health and economic growth in Turkey. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, 37, 1-13.
  • Çeştepe, H. & Gençel, H. (2019). Human capital and economic growth relationship: A causality analysis for Turkey. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 8(16), 139-146.
  • Denison, E.W. (1962). Education, economic growth and gaps in information. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 124-128.
  • Doğrul, N. (2009). The effect of education on economic growth for provinces with different income level . Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences , 23, 259-267.
  • Eggoh, J., Houeninvo, H. & Sossou, G. A. (2015). Education, health, and economic growth in African countries. Journal of Economic Development, 40(1), 93-111.
  • Grammy, A.P. & Assane, D. (1996). New evidence on the effect of human capital on economic growth. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 121-124.
  • Korkmaz, C. & Şahin, M. (2013). According to Pisa 2009 relationship between countries’ general and human development levels. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (22), 225-247.
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Mankiw, G., Romer, D. & Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 152 (1), 407-437.
  • OECD (2019). Education at a glance 2019. OECD indicators. OECD publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en (Access Date: 02.10.2022).
  • OECD (2021a). Trends in educational attainment of 25-34 year-olds, by gender (2010 and 2020). https://stat.link/jwd9ks (Access Date: 02.11.2022).
  • OECD (2021b). Education at a glance 2021. OECD ındicators. OECD publishing, Paris: https://doi. org/10.1787/b35a14e5-en (Access Date: 02.12.2022).
  • Rebelo, S. (1991). Long-run policy analysis and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 500-521.
  • Sala-i Martin, X. (1990). Lecture notes on economic growth (I): Introduction to the literature and neo-classical models, NBER Working Paper, No.3563.
  • Saygılı, S., Cihan, C. & Yavan, Z.A. (2005). Education and growth, TÜSİAD-Koç University Economic Research Forum, Conference of sustainable growth strategies for Turkey. Discussion papers, No:401.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
  • Süllkü, S. N. & Abdioğlu, Z. (2014). Financial burden of out of pocket education expenditures on households’ budget: Statistical analysis for Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 24(1), 338-355.
  • Şimşek, M. & Kadılar, C. (2010). A causality analysis of relationship among human capital, export and economic growth for Turkey. Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences , 11(1), 115-140.
  • Taş, U. & Yenilmez, F. (2008). Role of education on developments in Turkey and return on education investment. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 155-186.
  • TÜİK (2020). Eğitim harcamaları istatistikleri. Erişim adresi: http://data.tuik.gov.tr (Access Date: 05.05.2022).
  • Türkmen, F. (2002). Eğitimin ekonomik ve sosyal faydaları ve Türkiye’de eğitim-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin araştırılması. Ankara: DPT, Uzmanlık Tezi. Yayın No: DPT: 2665. Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, 4-21.
  • UNESCO (2009). Unesco world heritage centre - Official site [Online]. United Nations. http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/ (Access Date: 02.11.2022).
  • Wahab, A., Oluwanisola, A. A., Kefeli, Z. ve Nurhazirah, H. (2018). Investigating the dynamic effect of healthcare expenditure and education expenditure on economic growth in organisation of Islamıc countries (OIC). MPRA Paper, No. 90338. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90338/ (Access Date: 02.11.2022).

Overall Outlook of Education and Its Impact on the Economy in Turkey and OECD

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 30.05.2022

Emek Aslı Cinel

https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1098877

Abstract

As of today, education-based investments are among the basic components for determining the development level of countries and realizing their economic goals. Investments made for educational purposes are perceived as the main elements of growth due to their positive impacts on productivity, as well as providing individuals and society with benefits. Education expenditures directly affect the national income and production levels of the country, enhance the living standards, and stimulate factors such as knowledge and invention. The study aims to compare the importance and competence attached to education in Turkey with other OECD countries within the last decade. To this end, the educational statistics obtained from the OECD website were primarily utilized in the study, and then Turkey and OECD-member countries were compared in terms of education levels and expenditures. Upon evaluating the data obtained as a result of the study, it is seen that education expenditures are insufficient in Turkey, the importance attached to education remains at quite a lower level compared to the OECD-member countries, and Turkey’s problems in the field of education have begun to become inveterate.

Keywords

Education economic growth Turkey OECD countries.

References

  • Afşar, M. (2009). Educational investments and economic growth in Turkey. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 85-98.
  • Arabacı, İ.B. (2011). Education expenditures in Turkey and OECD countries. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 10(35), 100-112.
  • Arrow, K. (1962). The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies, 29, 155-173.
  • Arslan, A. (2004). Efficiency, effectiveness and control in public expenditures . Journal of Finance, 140,76-89.
  • Barro, R.J. (1998). Human capital and growth in cross-country regressions. Harvard University, Manuscript, October.
  • Bozkurt, C. (2015). Information-communication, education, health and economic growth relationship in Turkey: An Empirical Approach. Journal of Business and Economics Studies (JBES), 3(2), 45-56.
  • Cheng, B.S. & Hsu, R.C. (1997). Human capital and economic growth in Japan: An application of time series analysis. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 393-395.
  • Çalışkan, Ş., Karabacak, M. & Meçik, O. (2013). The relationship between health and economic growth in Turkey. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, 37, 1-13.
  • Çeştepe, H. & Gençel, H. (2019). Human capital and economic growth relationship: A causality analysis for Turkey. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 8(16), 139-146.
  • Denison, E.W. (1962). Education, economic growth and gaps in information. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 124-128.
  • Doğrul, N. (2009). The effect of education on economic growth for provinces with different income level . Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences , 23, 259-267.
  • Eggoh, J., Houeninvo, H. & Sossou, G. A. (2015). Education, health, and economic growth in African countries. Journal of Economic Development, 40(1), 93-111.
  • Grammy, A.P. & Assane, D. (1996). New evidence on the effect of human capital on economic growth. Applied Economic Letters, 4, 121-124.
  • Korkmaz, C. & Şahin, M. (2013). According to Pisa 2009 relationship between countries’ general and human development levels. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (22), 225-247.
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Mankiw, G., Romer, D. & Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 152 (1), 407-437.
  • OECD (2019). Education at a glance 2019. OECD indicators. OECD publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en (Access Date: 02.10.2022).
  • OECD (2021a). Trends in educational attainment of 25-34 year-olds, by gender (2010 and 2020). https://stat.link/jwd9ks (Access Date: 02.11.2022).
  • OECD (2021b). Education at a glance 2021. OECD ındicators. OECD publishing, Paris: https://doi. org/10.1787/b35a14e5-en (Access Date: 02.12.2022).
  • Rebelo, S. (1991). Long-run policy analysis and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 500-521.
  • Sala-i Martin, X. (1990). Lecture notes on economic growth (I): Introduction to the literature and neo-classical models, NBER Working Paper, No.3563.
  • Saygılı, S., Cihan, C. & Yavan, Z.A. (2005). Education and growth, TÜSİAD-Koç University Economic Research Forum, Conference of sustainable growth strategies for Turkey. Discussion papers, No:401.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
  • Süllkü, S. N. & Abdioğlu, Z. (2014). Financial burden of out of pocket education expenditures on households’ budget: Statistical analysis for Turkey. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 24(1), 338-355.
  • Şimşek, M. & Kadılar, C. (2010). A causality analysis of relationship among human capital, export and economic growth for Turkey. Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences , 11(1), 115-140.
  • Taş, U. & Yenilmez, F. (2008). Role of education on developments in Turkey and return on education investment. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 155-186.
  • TÜİK (2020). Eğitim harcamaları istatistikleri. Erişim adresi: http://data.tuik.gov.tr (Access Date: 05.05.2022).
  • Türkmen, F. (2002). Eğitimin ekonomik ve sosyal faydaları ve Türkiye’de eğitim-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin araştırılması. Ankara: DPT, Uzmanlık Tezi. Yayın No: DPT: 2665. Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, 4-21.
  • UNESCO (2009). Unesco world heritage centre - Official site [Online]. United Nations. http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/ (Access Date: 02.11.2022).
  • Wahab, A., Oluwanisola, A. A., Kefeli, Z. ve Nurhazirah, H. (2018). Investigating the dynamic effect of healthcare expenditure and education expenditure on economic growth in organisation of Islamıc countries (OIC). MPRA Paper, No. 90338. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90338/ (Access Date: 02.11.2022).
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emek Aslı Cinel 0000-0002-4201-2427

Publication Date May 30, 2022
Acceptance Date May 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cinel, E. A. (2022). Overall Outlook of Education and Its Impact on the Economy in Turkey and OECD. Journal of Social Sciences And Education, 5(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1098877
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