Determination of Germination Biology of Some Sage (Salvia ssp.) Species Under Salinity Stress

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 359 - 367, 01.05.2021

Banu Kadıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.802681

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Salinity negatively affects the soil as well as causes negativity in the plants grown on it. In plants exposed to salt stress, processes such as germination, emergence and sprout are affected, as well as many morphological and physiological negativities and the plant develops mechanisms that can tolerate these negativities. In addition, such plants gain importance in terms of the evaluation of soils with salinity problems. It is necessary to know and make use of the species and varieties that can make use of such soils in conditions where salinity removal is difficult and uneconomical for different reasons. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family grows in a wide area and different species of salvia and sideritis genus belonging to this family are known as sage. Stress factors in plants cause the growth and development periods of plants to slow down and their metabolic functions to deteriorate, thus causing death in plants. The response of different plants or even different species of a plant to salt concentrations may be different. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of salt stress on seed germination in some sage species. Seven different (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) of three sage species (S. nemorosa L., S. verticillata L., S. officinalis L.) salt concentration applied. In the study, germination rate, germination speed, average daily germination, peak value and germination values were examined. When the properties investigated were evaluated, it was determined that the woodland sage species, whose germination rate and germination rate decreased as the salt concentration increased, gave the best results. It was determined that lilac sage type gave the best results for the peak value and germination values where the average daily germination value was obtained from 25 mM salt application in three species.

Keywords

salt, tolerance, concentration, effects, emergence, seed

Determination of Germination Biology of Some Sage (Salvia ssp.) Species Under Salinity Stress

Abstract

Kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde toprak tuzluluğu tarımsal verimliliği etkileyen en önemli abiyotik stress faktörlerinden birisidir. Tuzluluk toprağı olumsuz etkilediği gibi üzerinde yetişen bitkilerde de olumsuzluklara neden olmaktadır. Tuz stresine maruz kalmış bitkilerde çimlenme, çıkış, sürme gibi süreçlerinin etkilenmesi yanı sıra morfolojik ve fizyolojik birçok olumsuzluklar görülmekte ve bitki bu olumsuzlukları tolere edebilecek mekanizmalar geliştirmektedir. Ayrıca tuzluluk problemi olan toprakların değerlendirilmesi açısından da bu tür bitkiler önem kazanmaktadır. Tuzluluğun giderilmesinin farklı nedenlerle zor ve ekonomik olmadığı koşullarda bu tür toprakları değerlendirebilecek tür ve çeşitlerin bilinmesi ve yararlanılması gerekmektedir. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) familyası geniş bir alanda yetişmekte ve bu familyaya ait salvia ve sideritis cinslerinin farklı türleri adaçayı olarak bilinmektedir. Bitkilerde stres faktörleri, bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişme dönemlerinin yavaşlamasına ve metabolik fonksiyonlarının bozulmasına bu nedenle de bitkilerde ölümlere sebep olmaktadır. Farklı bitkilerin hatta bir bitkinin farklı türlerinin tuz konsantrasyonlarına cevabı farklı olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bazı adaçayı türlerinde tohum çimlenmesi üzerine tuz stresinin etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile bu araştırma yapılmıştır. Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre on tekrarlı olarak yürütülen çalışmada üç adaçayı türüne (S. nemorosa L., S. verticillata L., S. officinalis L.) yedi farklı (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) tuz konsantrasyonu uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada çimlenme oranı, çimlenme hızı, ortalama günlük çimlenme, tepe değeri ve çimlenme değerleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler değerlendirildiğinde çimlenme oranı ve çimlenme hızının tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça azaldığı woodland sage (S. nemorosa) türünün en iyi sonuçları verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ortalama günlük çimlenme değerinin üç tür içinde 25 mM tuz uygulamasından elde edildiği tepe değeri ve çimlenme değerleri için en iyi sonuçları lilac sage (S. verticillata) türünün verdiği saptanmıştır. 

Keywords

tuz, tolerans, konsantrasyon, etki, çıkış, tohum

References

• Akbari, G., Sanavy, S.A., Yousefzadeh, S. (2007). Effect of auxin and salt stress (NaCl) on seed germination of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10 (15): 2557-2561.
• Akçay, E., Tan, M. ( 2019).The effects of different salinity levels on root and shoot development in some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties. Atatürk Univ., J. of the Agricultural Faculty, 50 (3): 292-298.
• Arslan, M., Aydinoglu, B. (2018). The effect of salinity (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth in damson (Lathyrus sativus L.). Academic Journal of Agriculture 7(1):49-54.
• Bartels, D., Sunkar, R. (2005). Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24: 23-58. Ben Taarit, M., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Marzouk, B. (2010). Changes in fatty acid and essential oil composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves under NaCl stress. Food Chemistry 119 (3): 951-956.
• Ben Taarit, M., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Marzouk, B. (2011). Physiological changes and essential oil composition of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) rosette leaves as affected by salinit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33 (1): 153-162.
• Ben Taarit, M., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Marzouk, B. (2012). Physiological changes phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. grown under saline conditions. Journal of the Scienceof Food and Agriculture 92 (8): 1614-1619.
• Czabator, F.J. (1962). Germination Value: An ındex combining speed and completeness of pine seed germination. Forest Science 8; 386-395.
• Camlıca, M., Yaldız, G. (2017). Effect of salt stress on seed germination, shoot and root length in basil (Ocimum basilicum). International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 4 (3): 69-76.
• Camlıca, M., Yaldiz,G., Ozen,F., Basol, A., Askin, H. (2019). Effects of selenium applications on salt stress in sage and mountain tea. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7(2): 29-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.29-35.3098.
• Dadasoglu, E., Ekıncı, M., Yıldırım, Ertan. (2020). Effects of salt stress on seedgermination of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) and pea (Pisumsativum L.). Atatürk Univ. J. of Agricultural Faculty, 51 (1): 53-62.
• Dowdy, S., Weardin, S. (1983). StatisticsforResearch. John Wileyand Sons Inc. NewYork, USA.
• Ellis, R.H., Roberts, E.T. (1981). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science Technology, 9 (2): 373-409.
• Gairola, K.C., Nautiyal, A.R., Dwivedi, A.K. (2011). Effect of temperatures and germination media on seed germination of Jatropha curcas Linn. Advances in Bioresearch 2 (2), 66-71.
• Gholizadeh, F., Manzari-Tavakkoli, A., Pazoki, A.(2016). Evaluation of salt tolerance on germination stage and morphological characteristics of some medicinal plants artichoke, flax, safflower and coneflower. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences 5(3), 229-237.
• Hamidi H., Safarnejad, A. (2010). Effect of drought stress on alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) in germination stage. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 8 (6): 705-709.
• Hawrylak-Nowak B., Rubinowska, K., Molas, J., Woch, W., Matraszek-Gawron, R., Szczurowska, A. (2019). Seleniuminduced improvements in the ornamental value and salt stress resistance of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. Folia Horticulturae 31(1): 213-221.
• Hosseini, H., Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2006). Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on isabgol (Plantago ovata). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 4 (1): 15-22.
• Ibrahim, E.A. (2016) Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 192: 38-46. ISTA, 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology. 24, ISSN: 0251-0952.
• Kiremit, M. S., Hacıkamiloglu, M., Arslan, H., Kurt, O. (2017) The effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on germination and early seedling development of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science 32: 350-357.
• Kolsarici, O., Kaya, M.D., Ustuner, N.D., Sarihan, E.O. (2005) The Effects of Different NaCl Concentrations on the Germination of Some Oil Plants Seeds.Turkey VI. Field Crops Congress. I, 553-556. Some Confectionary Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14, 230-236.
• Kulak, M. (2011). The effect of different salt applications on the development of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). (Master Thesis) Kilis7 Aralık University. The Institute of Natural Sciences, Kilis, Turkey.
• Mahdavi, B., Sanavi, S., Balochi, H.R. (2007). The Effect of sodium chloride on the germination and seedling growth figures grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Biology 20: 363-374.
• Mondal, H.K., Kaur, H. (2017). Effect of salt stress on medicinal plants and ıts amelioration by plant growth promoting microbes. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management. 8 (2), 316-326.
• Munns, R. (2002). Salinity, Growth and Phytohormones, Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules, Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-0492-3, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 522p.
• Okçu, M.(2020). Impact of salinity stress on germination an dseedling development in feeding cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp). Journal of the Institute of Science andTechnology, 10(1): 669-676.
• Onal Asci, O., Uney, H. (2016).Effect of different salt concentrations on germination and plant growth in hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz). Academic Journal of Agriculture 5(1), 29-34.
• Pastori, G.M., Foyer, C.H. (2002). Common components, networks, and pathways of cross-tolerance to stress. The central role of "redox" and abscisic acid-mediated controls. Plant Physiology 129: 460-468.
• Prodo,F.E., Boero, C., Gallardo, M., Gonzalez, J. A. (2000) Effect of NaCl on germination groeth and soluble sugar content in Chenopodium quinao (wild) seeds. Bot Bull Acad Sin 41; 27-34.
• Shavrukov, Y. (2013). Salt stress or salt shock: which genes are we studying? Journal of Experimental Botany 64(1): 119-27. Tiryaki, İ. (2018). Adaptation mechanisms of some field crops to salt stress. Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 21(5):800-808.
• Tounekti, T., Hernandez, I., Muller, M., Khemira, H.& Munne-Bosch, S. (2011). Kinetin applications alleviate salt stress and improve the antioxidant composition of leaf extracts in Salvia officinalis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49 (10): 1165-1176.
• Tounekti, T., Khemira, H. (2015). NaClstress-inducedchanges in the essential oilqualityandabietane diterpeneyieldandcomposition in commonsage. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology 4 (3): 208-216.
• Turhan, A., Șeniz, V.(2010). Salt tolerance of sometomato genotypes grown in Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8(3-4): 332-33.
• Vriezen, J.A.C.,Bruijn, F.J., Nusslein, K. (2007). Responses of rhizobia to desiccation in relation to osmotic stress, oxygen, and temperature. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 3451-3459.
• Yaldiz, G.,Camlica, M., Ozen, F. (2016). Effect on the Germination of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Different Salt Concentrations. 2nd International Conference on Science, Ecology and Technology. 14-16 October, p. 698-705. Barselona, İspanya.
• Yilmaz, G., Guvenc, A. (2007). Morphological and anatomical examination of drugs sold under the name of "sage" in herbalists in Ankara. Journal of Ankara Faculty of Pharmacy 36 (2): 87-104.
• Yilmaz, E., Tuna, A.L., Burun, B.(2011). The tolerance strategies developed by plants against the effects of salt stress.Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 7(1): 47-66.