Mardin ve Şanlıurfa İlleri Buğday Tarlalarında Yabani Yulafın (Avena spp.) Herbisitlere Dayanıklılığının Mevcut Durumu

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 591 - 601, 27.05.2024

İslam Emrah Süer , Erdal Ateş , Nihat Tursun , Cumali Özaslan , Ahmet Uludag

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1294634

Abstract

Buğday insan beslenmesi açısından büyük bir öneme sahip olan stratejik bir bitkidir. Türkiye için temel besin kaynağı olmasının yanı sıra tarım ve ekonomide de mühim bir yer tutmaktadır. Mardin ve Şanlıurfa illerinde yıllık yaklaşık 600.000 ha alanda 1.6 milyon ton buğday üretilmektedir. Buğday üretimini sınırlayan önemli unsurlardan biri de yabancı otlardır. Yabancı otlar buğday bitkisiyle rekabet ederek önemli ölçüde verim ve kalite kaybına yol açmaktadırlar. Bu yabancı otlardan biri olan yabani yulaf (Avena spp.) türleri her iki ilde de buğday tarlalarında önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yabani yulafın mücadelesinde uygulanabilirliğinin kolay olması, kısa sürede etki göstermesi ve maliyetinin düşük olmasından dolayı yaygın olarak herbisit uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. Herbisitlere dayanıklı yabani yulafın daha önce tespit edildiği bu iki ildeki mevcut durumunu belirlemek ve mücadelenin stratejisi için veri oluşturmak amacıyla 95 buğday tarlası ziyaret edilmiş ve bunların 65’inde belirgin yabani yulaf (61’i A. sterilis ve dördü A. fatua olmak üzere) popülasyonları kaydedilmiştir. Bu popülasyonlar yaygın kullanılan clodinafop (ACCase inhibitörü) ve mesosulfuron-methyl ile iodosulfuron-methyl sodium karışımı (ALS enzimi inhibitörleri) herbisitlere karşı test edilmiştir. Test edilenler arasında sadece iki popülasyon, orta ve düşük seviyede olmak üzere mezosülfuron-metil ile iodosulfuron-methyl sodium karışımına dayanıklı bulunmuştur. Clodinafopa dayanıklı 11 populasyondan biri yüksek derecede dördü orta seviyede diğerleri düşük seviyede dayanıklılık göstermiştir. Clodinafopun bu illerde daha eski bir geçmişe sahip olması ve daha yaygın kullanılmasının yanı sıra kışlık münavebe bitkilerinde kullanılan herbisitlerin de etkisiyle clodinafopa karşı dayanıklılığın daha yaygın olduğu düşünülmektedir. Genel olarak herbisitlere dayanıklılık bu illerde oluşmaya devam etmektedir, bu nedenle dayanıklılığın geciktirilmesi veya önlenmesine yönelik bir stratejinin oluşturulmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Avena sterilis, Avena fatua, ACCase inhibitörü, ALS enzimi inhibitörü, Clodinafop-propargyl, Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-12/12-01/04-01

Current Status of Herbicide Resistance of Wild Oats (Avena spp) in Wheat Fields in Mardin and Şanlıufa Provinces of Türkiye

Abstract

Wheat is a strategic crop with its role in human nutrition. In Türkiye, it has importance in agriculture and economy as well as being a staple crop. Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces of Türkiye approximately produces 1.6 million tons of wheat on 600 thousand ha fields. One of the important factors limiting wheat production is weeds. Weeds compete with the wheat plant and cause significant yield and quality loss. Wild oat (Avena spp.) species are an important problem in wheat fields in both provinces. Herbicide applications are widely used to control wild oats due to their ease of use, short duration of action and low cost. Wheat fields were surveyed to supply data for strategies to be followed via determining the current situation of herbicide resistance in these provinces where herbicide resistant wild oats had been reported. Out of 95 fields visited, 65 fields had significant wild oat populations of which 61 A. sterilis and four A. fatua. Then these populations were tested to find out herbicide resistance levels against clodinafop-propargyl (ACCase inhibitor) and formulated mix of mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (ALS inhibitors). Only two populations, one low level and the other medium level were found to be resistant to the formulated mix of mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron while 11 populations were resistant to clodinafop, one high level, three medium level and the remaining low level. It was assumed that longer use history and wider use of clodinafop as well as herbicides used in winter rotational crops might cause more clodinafop resistant populations. It was concluded that a strategy to prevent or delay herbicide resistance in these provinces should be prepared because herbicide resistance has continued evolving.

Keywords

Avena sterilis, Avena fatua, ACCase inhibitor, ALS inhibitor, Clodinafop-propargyl, Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium

Supporting Institution

T.C. TARIM VE ORMAN BAKANLIĞI TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMALAR VE POLİTİKALAR GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

Project Number

TAGEM-BS-12/12-01/04-01

Thanks

This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy Research, Turkey.

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