Bazı Organik Maddelerin Çilek Bitkisinin Gelişimine ve Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.’ nın Neden Olduğu Taç ve Kök Çürüklüğü Hastalığı ile Toprakta Mikrosklerot Sayısı Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 732 - 747, 27.05.2024

Çiğdem Köroğlu , Ayhan Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1362744

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile bazı organik madde uygulamalarının (zeytin karasuyu, tavuk gübresi, kükürt, pamuk delintasyon atığı, vermikompost; bitki artığı olarak soğan, pırasa, karnabahar, brokoli, lahana, buğday, bakla, marul, hardal bitkileri) çilek bitki gelişimi ve Macrophomina phaseolina’nın çilekte neden olduğu taç ve kök çürüklüğü ve mikrosklerot popülasyonu üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Organik madde uygulamalarının doğrudan mikrosklerot popülasyonu, çilekte bitki gelişimi ve M. phaseolina’nın neden olduğu taç ve kök çürüklüğü hastalığı ve bitkiler söküldükten sonra bu saksı topraklarında mikrosklerot popülasyonu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla organik madde karıştırılmış steril topraklara çilekten izole edilmiş M. phaseolina izolatı (Omp1) mikrosklerot 50 ms/g olacak şekilde inokule edilmiş ve 30 gün inkube edilmiştir. Bu topraklardan yapılan mikrosklerot izolasyonlarında, topraktaki en düşük mikrosklerot sayısı sırasıyla zeytin karasuyu (0.8 ms/g toprak), brokoli (2.5 ms g-1 toprak), vermikompost (6.0 ms g-1 toprak) ve hardal (6.7 ms g-1 toprak) olarak saptanmış, pozitif kontrolde ise 1 g toprakta 84 mikrosklerot saptanmıştır. Organik madde uygulamalarında bitki gelişimine etkisi açısından en iyi sonucu sırasıyla %84.5 ağırlık artışı ile tavuk gübresi, %66 ile kükürt (100 kg da-1) ve %61.9 ile kükürt (50 kg da-1) uygulamalarında olmuştur. M. phaseolina’ nın neden olduğu taç ve kök çürüklüğü hastalığı açısından ise bitkilerin ağırlık değişimlerinin %-20.4 ile %42.7 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Kükürt (50 kg da-1) uygulamasında %42.7 oranında ağırlık artışı saptanırken bunu, %37.9 ile kükürt (100 kg da-1) izlemiş pırasa uygulamasında ise %20.4 oranında bir ağılık kaybı olmuştur. Çalışmada bitkiler söküldükten sonra saksı toprağında saptanan mikrosklerot sayıları ise Karnabahar+Mp uygulamasında 1 g toprakta 12 mikrosklerot saptanırken Kükürt 100 kg da-1+Mp uygulamasında 1 g toprakta 28.8 ile en yüksek mikrosklerot sayısı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gelecekteki çalışmalar, toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine bağlı olarak en uygun zamanlamanın yanı sıra organik madde miktarı ve türü ile çevresel koşulları ele almalıdır.

Keywords

Organik madde, Vermikompost, Zeytin karasuyu, Fragaria × ananassa, Solgunluk, Kömür çürüklüğü

The Effect of Some Organic Amendments on Strawberry Plant Growth and The Number of Microsclerotia in The Soil, As Well As Crown and Root Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of some organic material applications, including olive mill wastewater, chicken manure, sulfur, cotton waste, vermicompost, and plant residues such as onion, leek, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, wheat, bean, lettuce, and mustard, on strawberry plant growth and crown and root rot caused by M. phaseolina. The direct effect of organic material applications on the microsclerotia population, strawberry plant growth, and the microsclerotia population in these pot soils after plant removal was investigated. For this purpose, the M. phaseolina isolate (Omp1) was inoculated into sterilized soils mixed with organic materials at a rate of 50 ms/g and incubated for 30 days. The lowest microsclerotia count in the soil was found with olive mill wastewater (0.8 ms/g soil), broccoli (2.5 ms/g soil), vermicompost (6.0 ms/g soil), and mustard (6.7 ms/g soil) in organic material applications, whereas the positive control had 84 microsclerotia detected in 1 g of soil. Regarding the effect on plant growth in organic material applications, the best result was obtained with chicken manure, which showed a weight gain of 84.5%, followed by sulfur applications at 66% (100 kg da-1) and 61.9% (50 kg da-1). In terms of crown and root rot caused by M. phaseolina, the weight changes of the plants varied between -20.4% and 42.7%. The sulfur (50 kg da-1) application showed a weight gain of 42.7%, followed by a weight gain of 37.9% with the sulfur (100 kg da-1) application, while a weight loss of 20.4% was observed in the leek application. The microsclerotia counts detected in the pot soil after plant removal were 12 microsclerotia in the cauliflower+Mp application, while the highest microsclerotia count was 28.8 in the sulfur 100 kg da-1+Mp application. In conclusion, future studies should address the optimal timing depending on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as the amount and type of organic matter and environmental conditions.

Keywords

Organic matter, Vermicompost, Olive oil waste, Fragaria × ananassa, Wilt, Charcoal rot

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