Determination of Reactor Operational Mode for Concentrated Fungicide Production
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 111 - 126, 30.11.2022
Zeynep Yilmazer Hitit
,
Pınar Aygener
,
Seda Teymur
,
Beyza Akıska
,
Kemal Kesenci
,
Suna Ertunç
,
Bülent Akay
Abstract
An aqueous solution of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) is an example of a phosphonic acid neutralization reaction where potassium salts are formed. This study aimed to design the reactor and the process, which is a problem encountered in the industry, arising from the need to develop a safe and efficient production process. It was found that the production process carried out under exothermic conditions should be in a temperature-controlled reactor at optimum acid/base initial concentration ratios and feed flow rates as 1/1.5, 22800 mL/min, respectively. Due to the thermal safety and risk accidents at the batch reactor, a tubular flow reactor (TFR) has been designed to increase the controllability and the yield of the products produced in the batch reactor having some advantages as to feeding, sampling, and measuring from different points at different times.
Supporting Institution
This study was supported by TUBITAK 2209-B Undergraduate Research Projects Industry-Oriented Support Program
Project Number
1139B412001078
Thanks
Authors would like to thank to TUBITAK 2209-B Undergraduate Research Projects Industry-Oriented Support Program
References
- 1. Kara M, Jannuzzi A, Yön S. In-vitro investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of benzimidazole group pesticides benomyl and carbendazim. J Toxicol Cur Res. 2019;3(007).
- 2. Milenkovski S, Bååth E, Lindgren PE, Berglund O. Toxicity of fungicides to natural bacterial communities in wetland water and sediment measured using leucine incorporation and potential denitrification. Ecotoxicology [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2022 Oct 1];19(2):285–94.
- 3. Lovatt C, Mikkelsen R. Phosphite fertilizers: What are they? Can you use them? What can they do. Better crops. 2006;90(4):11–3.
- 4. Liu S. Batch Reactor. In: Bioprocess Engineering [Internet]. Elsevier; 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 1]. p. 139–78.
- 5. Bhat J, Madhavan KP, Chidambaram M. Multivariable global input/output linearized internal model control of a semibatch reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1991 Jul [cited 2022 Oct 1];30(7):1541–7.
- 6. Chang JS, Hseih WY. Optimization and Control of Semibatch Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1995 Feb [cited 2022 Oct 1];34(2):545–56.
- 7. Gooch JW. Semi-Automatic Molding Machine. In: Gooch JW, editor. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers [Internet]. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2011 [cited 2022 Oct 1]. p. 654–654.
- 8. Ernst WR. Second‐order reaction in a semibatch reactor. AIChE journal. 1997;43(4):1114–6.
- 9. Molga EJ, Lewak M, Roel Westerterp K. Runaway prevention in liquid-phase homogeneous semibatch reactors. Chemical Engineering Science [Internet]. 2007 Sep [cited 2022 Oct 1];62(18–20):5074–7.
- 10. Levenspiel O. Chemical Reaction Engineering. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1999 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Oct 1];38(11):4140–3.
- 11. Scott HF. Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering. Prentice Hall; 2017.
- 12. Ann PJ, Tsai JN, Wong IT, Hsieh TF, Lin CY. A Simple Technique, Concentration and Application Schedule for Using Neutralized Phosphorous Acid to Control Phytophthora Diseases. Plant Pathol Bull [Internet]. 2009;18(3):155–65.
- 13. Al-Maydama HMA, Gardner PJ. The enthalpy of solution of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) in water. Thermochimica Acta [Internet]. 1990 Apr [cited 2022 Oct 1];161(1):51–4.
- 14. Young JA. Potassium Hydroxide. J Chem Educ [Internet]. 2005 Sep [cited 2022 Oct 1];82(9):1304. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed082p1304
- 15. Chaudhry M. Phosphine resistance. Pesticide outlook. 2000;11(3):88–91.
- 16. Hashimoto S, Fujiwara K, Fuwa K. Determination of phosphate ion by gas chromatography with the phosphine generation technique. Analytical Chemistry. 1985;57(7):1305–9.
- 17. Lee KW, Han IS. Evaluation of Thermal Hazard in Neutralization Process of Pigment Plant by Multimax Reactor System. Journal of the Korean Society of Safety. 2008;23(6):91–9.
- 18. Silva OC, Santos HAA, Dalla Pria M, May-De Mio LL. Potassium phosphite for control of downy mildew of soybean. Crop Protection [Internet]. 2011 Jun [cited 2022 Oct 1];30(6):598–604.
- 19. Förster H, Adaskaveg JE, Kim DH, Stanghellini ME. Effect of Phosphite on Tomato and Pepper Plants and on Susceptibility of Pepper to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Hydroponic Culture. Plant Disease [Internet]. 1998 Oct [cited 2022 Oct 1];82(10):1165–70.
- 20. McDonald AE, Grant BR, Plaxton WC. Phosphite (phosphorous acid): its relevance in the environment and agriculture and influence on plant phosphate starvation response. Journal of Plant Nutrition [Internet]. 2001 Oct 31 [cited 2022 Oct 1];24(10):1505–19.
- 21. Achary VMM, Ram B, Manna M, Datta D, Bhatt A, Reddy MK, et al. Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control. Plant Biotechnol J [Internet]. 2017 Dec [cited 2022 Oct 1];15(12):1493–508.
- 22. Gübre anali̇zleri̇ yapma-2 [Internet]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı; 2014.
- 23. Perrin FX, Phan TA, Nguyen DL. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline nanoparticles in phosphonic acid amphiphile aqueous micellar solutions for waterborne corrosion protection coatings. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem [Internet]. 2015 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Oct 1];53(13):1606–16.
- 24. Awogbemi O, Kallon DVV. Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production. Bioengineering [Internet]. 2022 Jul 27 [cited 2022 Oct 1];9(8):347.
- 25. Burns JA, Houben C, Anastasaki A, Waldron C, Lapkin AA, Haddleton DM. Poly(acrylates) via SET-LRP in a continuous tubular reactor. Polym Chem [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Oct 1];4(17):4809.
- 26. Gu R, Ding J, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Wang W, Lu J. Heat transfer and storage performance of steam methane reforming in tubular reactor with focused solar simulator. Applied Energy [Internet]. 2019 Jan [cited 2022 Oct 1];233–234:789–801.
- 27. Körbahti BK, Tanyolaç A. Electrochemical treatment of simulated industrial paint wastewater in a continuous tubular reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal [Internet]. 2009 May 15 [cited 2022 Oct 1];148(2–3):444–51.
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 111 - 126, 30.11.2022
Zeynep Yilmazer Hitit
,
Pınar Aygener
,
Seda Teymur
,
Beyza Akıska
,
Kemal Kesenci
,
Suna Ertunç
,
Bülent Akay
Project Number
1139B412001078
References
- 1. Kara M, Jannuzzi A, Yön S. In-vitro investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of benzimidazole group pesticides benomyl and carbendazim. J Toxicol Cur Res. 2019;3(007).
- 2. Milenkovski S, Bååth E, Lindgren PE, Berglund O. Toxicity of fungicides to natural bacterial communities in wetland water and sediment measured using leucine incorporation and potential denitrification. Ecotoxicology [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2022 Oct 1];19(2):285–94.
- 3. Lovatt C, Mikkelsen R. Phosphite fertilizers: What are they? Can you use them? What can they do. Better crops. 2006;90(4):11–3.
- 4. Liu S. Batch Reactor. In: Bioprocess Engineering [Internet]. Elsevier; 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 1]. p. 139–78.
- 5. Bhat J, Madhavan KP, Chidambaram M. Multivariable global input/output linearized internal model control of a semibatch reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1991 Jul [cited 2022 Oct 1];30(7):1541–7.
- 6. Chang JS, Hseih WY. Optimization and Control of Semibatch Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1995 Feb [cited 2022 Oct 1];34(2):545–56.
- 7. Gooch JW. Semi-Automatic Molding Machine. In: Gooch JW, editor. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers [Internet]. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2011 [cited 2022 Oct 1]. p. 654–654.
- 8. Ernst WR. Second‐order reaction in a semibatch reactor. AIChE journal. 1997;43(4):1114–6.
- 9. Molga EJ, Lewak M, Roel Westerterp K. Runaway prevention in liquid-phase homogeneous semibatch reactors. Chemical Engineering Science [Internet]. 2007 Sep [cited 2022 Oct 1];62(18–20):5074–7.
- 10. Levenspiel O. Chemical Reaction Engineering. Ind Eng Chem Res [Internet]. 1999 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Oct 1];38(11):4140–3.
- 11. Scott HF. Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering. Prentice Hall; 2017.
- 12. Ann PJ, Tsai JN, Wong IT, Hsieh TF, Lin CY. A Simple Technique, Concentration and Application Schedule for Using Neutralized Phosphorous Acid to Control Phytophthora Diseases. Plant Pathol Bull [Internet]. 2009;18(3):155–65.
- 13. Al-Maydama HMA, Gardner PJ. The enthalpy of solution of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) in water. Thermochimica Acta [Internet]. 1990 Apr [cited 2022 Oct 1];161(1):51–4.
- 14. Young JA. Potassium Hydroxide. J Chem Educ [Internet]. 2005 Sep [cited 2022 Oct 1];82(9):1304. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed082p1304
- 15. Chaudhry M. Phosphine resistance. Pesticide outlook. 2000;11(3):88–91.
- 16. Hashimoto S, Fujiwara K, Fuwa K. Determination of phosphate ion by gas chromatography with the phosphine generation technique. Analytical Chemistry. 1985;57(7):1305–9.
- 17. Lee KW, Han IS. Evaluation of Thermal Hazard in Neutralization Process of Pigment Plant by Multimax Reactor System. Journal of the Korean Society of Safety. 2008;23(6):91–9.
- 18. Silva OC, Santos HAA, Dalla Pria M, May-De Mio LL. Potassium phosphite for control of downy mildew of soybean. Crop Protection [Internet]. 2011 Jun [cited 2022 Oct 1];30(6):598–604.
- 19. Förster H, Adaskaveg JE, Kim DH, Stanghellini ME. Effect of Phosphite on Tomato and Pepper Plants and on Susceptibility of Pepper to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Hydroponic Culture. Plant Disease [Internet]. 1998 Oct [cited 2022 Oct 1];82(10):1165–70.
- 20. McDonald AE, Grant BR, Plaxton WC. Phosphite (phosphorous acid): its relevance in the environment and agriculture and influence on plant phosphate starvation response. Journal of Plant Nutrition [Internet]. 2001 Oct 31 [cited 2022 Oct 1];24(10):1505–19.
- 21. Achary VMM, Ram B, Manna M, Datta D, Bhatt A, Reddy MK, et al. Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control. Plant Biotechnol J [Internet]. 2017 Dec [cited 2022 Oct 1];15(12):1493–508.
- 22. Gübre anali̇zleri̇ yapma-2 [Internet]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı; 2014.
- 23. Perrin FX, Phan TA, Nguyen DL. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline nanoparticles in phosphonic acid amphiphile aqueous micellar solutions for waterborne corrosion protection coatings. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem [Internet]. 2015 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Oct 1];53(13):1606–16.
- 24. Awogbemi O, Kallon DVV. Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production. Bioengineering [Internet]. 2022 Jul 27 [cited 2022 Oct 1];9(8):347.
- 25. Burns JA, Houben C, Anastasaki A, Waldron C, Lapkin AA, Haddleton DM. Poly(acrylates) via SET-LRP in a continuous tubular reactor. Polym Chem [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Oct 1];4(17):4809.
- 26. Gu R, Ding J, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Wang W, Lu J. Heat transfer and storage performance of steam methane reforming in tubular reactor with focused solar simulator. Applied Energy [Internet]. 2019 Jan [cited 2022 Oct 1];233–234:789–801.
- 27. Körbahti BK, Tanyolaç A. Electrochemical treatment of simulated industrial paint wastewater in a continuous tubular reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal [Internet]. 2009 May 15 [cited 2022 Oct 1];148(2–3):444–51.