Investigation of the effects of glycerol addition as a catalyst on the morphology and structural properties of Gd/Er co-doped hydroxyapatite

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 28 - 31, 03.06.2024

Bast Ahmed Mohammed , Tankut Ateş , Bahroz Kareem Mahmood , Rebaz Obaıd Kareem , Serhat Keser , Niyazi Bulut , Omer Kaygılı

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1458970

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of increasing amounts of glycerol, ranging from 0 to 16 mL, used in the synthesis on the structural properties of Gd and Er-based hydroxyapatite (HAp). The samples were prepared via a wet chemical route, and their characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the formation of the HAp phase in the samples. It was observed that the addition of glycerol at different amounts in the synthesis affected the crystallinity degree and crystallite size. The morphology was almost not affected by the glycerol content as used.

Keywords

Hydroxyapatite, Glycerol, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy

References

• R. Ghosh and R. Sarkar. Synthesis and characterization of sintered hydroxyapatite: a comparative study on the effect of preparation route. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 2018;54:71-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-017-0128-5.
• S.V. Dorozhkin. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. Biomatter. 2011;1(2):121-164. https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.18790.
• O. Kaygili, S. Keser, T. Ates, A.A. Al-Ghamdi and F. Yakuphanoglu. Controlling of dielectrical and optical properties of hydroxyapatite based bioceramics by Cd content. Powder technology. 2013;245:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.04.012.
• R.O. Kareem, N. Bulut and O. Kaygili. Hydroxyapatite biomaterials: a comprehensive review of their properties, structures, medical applications, and fabrication methods. Journal of Chemical Reviews. 2024;6(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.48309/JCR.2024.415051.1253.
• A.A. Korkmaz, L.O. Ahmed, R.O. Kareem, H. Kebiroglu, T. Ates, N. Bulut, O. Kaygili and B. Ates. Theoretical and experimental characterization of Sn-based hydroxyapatites doped with Bi. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 2022;58:803-815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-022-00730-5.
• N. Bulut, O. Kaygili, A.H. Hssain, S.V. Dorozhkin, B. Abdelghani, C. Orek, H. Kebiroglu, T. Ates and R.O. Kareem. Mg-Dopant Effects on Band Structures of Zn-Based Hydroxyapatites: A Theoretical Study. Iranian Journal of Science. 2023;47:1843-1859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01531-6.
• M. Sadat-Shojai, M.-T. Khorasani, E. Dinpanah-Khoshdargi and A. Jamshidi. Synthesis methods for nanosized hydroxyapatite with diverse structures. Acta biomaterialia. 2013;9(8):7591-7621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.012.
• V. Putlayev, P. Evdokimov, A. Garshev, D. Prosvirin, E. Klimashina, T. Safronova and V. Ivanov. Strength characteristics of resorbable osteoconductive ceramics based on diphosphates of calcium and alkali metals. Russian Physics Journal. 2014;56:1183-1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-014-0160-7.
• R.O. Kareem, O. Kaygili, T. Ates, N. Bulut, S. Koytepe, A. Kuruçay, F. Ercan and I. Ercan. Experimental and theoretical characterization of Bi-based hydroxyapatites doped with Ce. Ceramics International. 2022;48(22):33440-33454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.287.
• M. Othmani, H. Bachoua, Y. Ghandour, A. Aissa and M. Debbabi. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of copper-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Materials Research Bulletin. 2018;97:560-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.09.056.
• S. Zaichick, V. Zaichick, V. Karandashev and S. Nosenko. Accumulation of rare earth elements in human bone within the lifespan. Metallomics. 2011;3(2):186-194. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00069h.
• B.K. Mahmood, O. Kaygili, N. Bulut, S.V. Dorozhkin, T. Ates, S. Koytepe, C. Gürses, F. Ercan, H. Kebiroglu, R.S. Agid and T. İnce. Effects of strontium-erbium co-doping on the structural properties of hydroxyapatite: An Experimental and theoretical study. Ceramics International. 2020;46(10B):16354-16363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.194.
• P. Gitty, M. Kailasnath and V.P. Nampoori. Synthesis, structure and luminescence characterization of erbium doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by precipitation method. Current Physical Chemistry. 2019;9(3):218-225. https://doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190708124928.
• V.-H. Pham, H.N. Van, P.D. Tam and H.N.T. Ha. A novel 1540 nm light emission from erbium doped hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate through co-precipitation method. Materials Letters. 2016;167:145-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.01.002.
• S.-j. Yuan, X.-y. Qi, H. Zhang, L. Yuan and J. Huang. Doping gadolinium versus lanthanum into hydroxyapatite particles for better biocompatibility in bone marrow stem cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2021;346:109579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109579.
• B. D. Cullity. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison, Wesley Mass: 1978. p. 127–131.
• E. Landi, A. Tampieri, G. Celotti and S. Sprio. Densification behaviour and mechanisms of synthetic hydroxyapatites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2000;20(14-15):2377–2387. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(00)00154-0.
• M.A. Goldberg, P.V. Protsenko, V.V. Smirnov, O.S. Antonova, S.V. Smirnov, A.A. Konovalov, K.G. Vorckachev, E.A. Kudryavtsev, S.M. Barinov and V.S. Komlev. The enhancement of hydroxyapatite thermal stability by Al doping. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020;9(1):76-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.032.
• Z. Hong, S. Wang and F. Liu. Synthesis of Tubular Hydroxyapatite and Its Application in Polycaprolactone Scaffold Materials. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2024;15(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15010022.
• M.W. Teoh, C.K. Ng, S.K.Y. Lee, S. Ramesh, C.H. Ting, Y.D. Chuah, I.Y. Lim, C.Y. Tan and U. Sutharsini. Densification behaviors of hydroxyapatite/pectin bio-ceramics. Materials Today: Proceedings. (In Press) 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.388.
• M. L. Habib, S.A. Disha, M.S. Hossain, M.N. Uddin and S. Ahmed. Enhancement of antimicrobial properties by metals doping in nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite for efficient biomedical applications. Heliyon. 2024;10(1):e23845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23845.