SHAPE ANALYSİS OF THE OLECRANON İN COWS, SHEEP AND HORSES

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 13 - 23, 16.06.2023

Nicoleta Manuta Ozan Gündemir , Sokol Duro

Abstract

With the geometric morphometrics method, bones and structures can be examined in
terms of shape. In this study, the olecranon of sheep, cattle, and horses was examined by
geometric morphometry method, and shape variations between species were revealed. 39 (15
cow, 9 sheep and 15 horse) olecranon was used for this study. Images of olecranon were
acquired for geometric morphometrics. Five Landmarks and 37 semilandmarks were used. A
total of 39 principal component analyses were obtained as a result of the shape analysis. PC1 is
responsible mostly for the shape between species, declared 25.8 % of the total variation. PC2
declared 17.2 % of the total variation and PC3 declared 11.5 % of the total variation. Shape and
centroid size were statistically different between groups (p<0.0001). The PC1 value of horses
was generally lower than that of cows and sheep. For PC1, sheep had wider shape variation.
Cows had the highest PC1 values. The CV1 value was in the lowest cow. The highest CV1
value was in the horses. The CV2 value was higher in sheep compared to other breeds. The
olecranon of cows was larger in shape than other species. In horses, the olecranon was narrower.
The anconeus process was narrower in shape in horses. Olecranon was longer in shape in sheep
than in other species. The difference in shape was statistically significant between all three
species for CVA. The biggest difference in shape was between horse and cow (p<0.0001). The
highest Mahalanobis distance was between horse and cow (MD: 10.4659).

Keywords

Antebrachial bones, Geometric Morphometrics, Veterinary Anatomy, Ulna

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