Siyah Sarımsak Tozunun Etlik Piliç Büyüme Performansı, Karkas Randımanı ve Et Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Year 2024,
Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 22 - 29, 02.09.2024
Reyhane Bayat
,
Metin Petek
Abstract
Bu çalışma siyah sarımsak tozunun etlik piliç büyüme performansı, karkas randımanı ve bazı göğüs eti et kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini incelemek amacı ile planlanmıştır. Çalışmada kontrol ve deneme grubu olmak üzere üçer tekrarlı iki ana grup yer almıştır. Her tekrarlı grupta 10 adet olmak üzere kontrol ve deneme gruplarında 30’ar adet, toplamda 60 adet, günlük yaşta Ross PM3 genotipi erkek etlik civciv kullanılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda yer alan hayvanlar standart etlik piliç yemleri ile beslenirken, deneme grubundaki hayvanlar standart rasyona %1 oranında ilave edilen siyah sarımsak tozu ile beslenmişlerdir. Deneme başında civcivler bireysel tartılarak homojen olarak kontrol ve deneme gruplarına dağıtılmış, haftalık tartımlar ile canlı ağırlık gelişimi izlenmiş, yemden yararlanma ve yaşama gücü belirlenmiştir. Çalışma 6 hafta devam etmiş, gruplarda yer alan hayvanlar büyütme dönemi sonu standart koşullarda kesilmişlerdir. Kesim sonrası karkas ağırlığı ve göğüs eti ağırlığı ile göğüs eti pH ve renk özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Canlı ağırlık bakımından gruplar arası farklılıklar t-testi ile, yemden yararlanma, karkas ağırlığı, göğüs eti ağırlığı ve et kalitesi özellikleri bakımından gruplar arası farklılıklar mann-whitney u testi ile, yaşama gücü bakımından gruplar arası farklılıklar khi-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Kontrol ve siyah sarımsak tozu içeren yem ile beslenen deneme grubunda et kalitesi özelliklerinden a*, b*, chroma ve hue değerleri bakımından gruplar arası farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Çalışmadan elde edilen değerler bütünüyle değerlendirildiğinde; çalışmada kullanılan oranda siyah sarımsak tozunun büyüme performansı ve karkas randımanı üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi olmadan piliç eti üretiminde kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Siyah sarımsağın karkas üzerinde bırakabileceği kalıntı düzeyleri, rasyona katılabilecek en uygun miktarın belirlenmesi gibi konularda ve özellikle ticari koşullara uygun daha büyük popülasyonlarda yeni çalışmaların
planlanmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
References
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- 26. Ingram DR., Hatten LF., Homan KD. A Study on the relationship between eggshell color and eggshell quality in commercial broiler breeders. International Journal of Poultery Science 2008; 7: 700-703. DOI:10,3923/ ijps.2008.700.703
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KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 2018; 21: 751-756, DOI: 10.18016/ksudobil.397124
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But ve Göğüs Dokularında Bazı Antioksidan Enzimler Üzerine Etkisi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2016; TARGİD Özel Sayı: 32-40 DOI: 10.17100/nevbiltek.210959
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abdominal fat of broiler chickens IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environmental Science 2019; 247: 012039.
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turkeys/broilers/article/15534464/how-to-control- early-chick-mortality-in-the-broiler-house (Son okuma 20.Ekim.2023).
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22.10.2023).
Effect of Black Garlic Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
Year 2024,
Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 22 - 29, 02.09.2024
Reyhane Bayat
,
Metin Petek
Abstract
This study was made to examine the effect of supplementation of black garlic powder on growth performance, carcass yield and some breast meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens. The study included two main groups as control and experimental groups, with three replicates each. In the study, a total of 60 day-old male broiler chickens of Ross PM3 genotype were used, 10 in each replicate group and 30 in each main group. While the animals in the control group were fed with standard broiler feed, the animals in the experimental group were fed with black garlic powder added to the standard ration at the rate of 1%. At the beginning of the experiment, the chicks were weighed individually and distributed homogeneously to experimental groups. Live weight development was monitored weekly, feed consumption and deaths were recorded when needed and occurred. The animals in the groups were slaughtered under standard conditions at the end of the experiment. Post-slaughter carcass weight, breast weight, edible organ weights, breast meat pH and color characteristics were determined after slaughter. Differences between groups in terms of live weight, carcass and breast meat weight were analyzed with t-test, differences between groups in terms of feed conversion were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, and differences between groups in terms of survival rate were analyzed with chi-square test. Differences in growth performance in the control and black garlic powder groups were found to be statistically no significant. The effect of black garlic powder on carcass yield, edible organ weights and meat quality characteristics was found to be insignificant. When evaluated the whole data obtained from the study; it has been concluded that black garlic powder at the rate used in this study might be used in chicken meat production without having a negative effect on growth performance and carcass yield. It may be useful to further studies in larger populations especially to determine the optimum rate into the feed etc.
Ethical Statement
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulundan 22.11.2022 tarih ve 2022-16/01 karar no. ile araştırma onayı alınmıştır.
Supporting Institution
TÜBITAK
Thanks
TÜBITAK Bilim İnsanı Destek Programları Başkanlığı (BIDEB) tarafından yürütülen, 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı 2022 yılı 1 döneminde 1919B012207178 başvuru numarası ile desteklenmiştir.
References
- 1. Hu JY, Mohammed AA, Murugesan GR, Cheng HW. Effect of a synbiotic supplement as an antibiotic alternative on broiler skeletal, physiological, and oxidative parameters under heat stress. Poultry Science 2022;101:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101769.
- 2. Khomayezi R, Adewole D. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: an overview of their delivery routes and effects on growth and health of broiler chickens, World's Poultry Science Journal, 2022; 78:1, 57-81, DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.1988804
- 3. Mansoub NH. Comparative effects of using garlic as probiotic on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. Annals of Biological Research 2011; 2: 486–490.
- 4. Rahmatnejad E, Roshanfekr H, Ashayerizadeh O, Mamooee M, Ashayerizadeh A.Evaluation the effect of several non-antibiotic additives on growth performance of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2009; 8: 1757–1760.
- 5. Erol N, Ersus S. Siyah Sarımsak (Allium sativum) Üretimi: Üretim Sırasında Gerçekleşen Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Değişimler. Akademik Gıda, 2022; 20: 404-411, DOI: 10.24323/akademik-gida.1224358
- 6. Bae SE, Cho SY, Won YD, Lee SH, Park HJ. Changes in S-allyl cysteine contents and physicochemical properties of black garlic during heat treatment. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2014; 55: 397-402.
- 7. Lei M, Zhang Z, Liu R, Zhang M, Xu M. The physicochemical changes of black garlic during thermal processing. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015; 7: 712-715.
- 8. Medina MÁT, Merinas-Amo T, FernándezBedmar Z, Font R, Río-Celestino M, PérezAparicio J, Moreno- Ortega A, Alonso-Moraga Á, Moreno-Rojas R. Physicochemical characterization and biological in vitro assays. Foods. 2019; 8: 1-18.
- 9. Ríos-Ríos KL, Montilla A, Olano A, Villamiel M. Physicochemical changes and sensorial properties during black garlic elaboration: A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2019; 88: 459- 467.
- 10. Sözcü A. Etlik Piliçlerde İçme Suyuna Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) Ekstraktı İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Serum Biyokimyasal ve İmmünolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi. Bursa Uludag Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2019; 33: 307-319.
- 11. Kairalla MA , Alshelmani MI, Aburas AA. Effect of diet supplemented with graded levels of garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood hematology, and biochemistry of broilers. Open Veterinary Journal 2022; 12(5): 595–601.
- 12. Liao S, Liao L, Huang P, Wang Y, Zhu S, Wang X, Lv T, Li Y, Fan Z, Liu T, Lin Q. Effects of Different Levels of Garlic Straw Powder on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant and Intestinal Mucosal Morphology of Yellow- Feathered Broilers. Frontiers in Physiology 2022; 13:902995. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902995
- 13. Anonim. Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurullarının Çalışma Usül ve Esaslarına Dair Yönetmelik T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Madde 8, 19-k. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Resmi Gazete, 2014, sayı: 28914.
- 14. Aviagen Ross-Broiler Handbook; 2018. https://aviagen. com/assets/Tech_Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross-Broiler- Handbook2018-EN.pdf (Son okuma 20.Ekim.2023). 15. Anonim. Etçi tavukların korunmasına dair asgari standartlara ilişkin yönetmelik. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Resmi Gazete, 30 Ocak 2018, sayı.30307.
- 16. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Ticari Etlik ve Yumurtacı Kanatlı İşletmelerinin Biyogüvenlik Talimatı, Ankara, 2015.
- 17. Poultry Performance Plus. European Broiler Index or Europen Production Efficiency Factor. https://poultryperformanceplus. com/information-database/broilers/ 285-european-broiler-index-or european production-efficiency-factor (son okuma 27.10.2023).
- 18. TS 5925. Poultry Rules for slaughtering and carcass preparation. Institute of Turkish Standards. Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
- 19. TS 5890, 2014: Poultry Carcass-Rules for carcass dissecting. Institute of Turkish Standards, Ankara, Turkey.
- 20. Keskin M, Şetlek P, Demir S. Renk ölçüm sistemlerinin gıda bilimleri ve tarımda kullanım alanları. International
Advanced Researches & Engineering Congress. 16-18 November 2017, Osmaniye, Türkiye.
- 21. CIE. Supplement No, 2 to CIE Publication No, 15 (E-1.3.1.) 1978, 1971/(TC-1-3). Recommendations on uniform color spaces-color difference equations. Psychometric Color Terms, Commission lnternationale de I’Eclairage, Paris, 1976.
- 22. Konica Minolta, Colorimetry. How to measure color differences. Konica Minolta Photo Image Inc, USA, 2005
- 23. Kralik G, Kralik Z, Grcevic M, Hanzek D. Quality of chicken meat, in: animal husbandry and nutrition. Edited by: Banu Yücel, Book Chapter in Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69938. 2018
- 24. King DA, Hunt MC, Barbut S, Claus JR, Cornforth DP, Joseph P, Kim YH, Lindahl G, Mancini RA, Nair MN, Merok KJ, Milkowski A, Mohan A, Pohlman, F, Ramanathan R, Raines CR, Seyfert M, Sørheim O, Suman SP, Weber M. American Meat Science Association Guidelines for Meat Color Measurement. Meat and Muscle Biology 2023; 6(4): 1-81. doi: https://doi. org/10.22175/mmb.12473
- 25. Altan A, Bayraktar H, Önenç A. Etlik piliçlerde sıcak stresinin et rengi ve pH’sı üzerine etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim Dergisi 2001; 42: 1-8.
- 26. Ingram DR., Hatten LF., Homan KD. A Study on the relationship between eggshell color and eggshell quality in commercial broiler breeders. International Journal of Poultery Science 2008; 7: 700-703. DOI:10,3923/ ijps.2008.700.703
- 27. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. Eighth Edition, Iowa State University Press, 1989.
- 28. IBM Corp. Released. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, 2021.
- 29. Yeter B, Altun Ö. Kuru Maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)’nın Etlik Civcivlerde Büyüme Performansına Etkisi.
KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 2018; 21: 751-756, DOI: 10.18016/ksudobil.397124
- 30. Elghandour MMY, Tan ZL, Abu Hafsa SH, Adegbeye MJ, Greiner R, Ugbogu EA, Cedillo Monroy J, Salem AZM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic feed additive to non and pseudo-ruminant feeding: a review.Journal of Applied Microbiology 2020; 128:658-674. doi: 10.1111/jam.14416
- 31. Çelebi Ş, Kaya A, Kaya H. Yumurta Tavuğu Rasyonlarına Sarımsak Tozu İlavesinin Yumurta, Kan, Karaciğer,
But ve Göğüs Dokularında Bazı Antioksidan Enzimler Üzerine Etkisi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2016; TARGİD Özel Sayı: 32-40 DOI: 10.17100/nevbiltek.210959
- 32. Taufik M, Maruddin F. The effect of garlic solution supplementation on performance, carcass weight and
abdominal fat of broiler chickens IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environmental Science 2019; 247: 012039.
- 33. Al-Massada M, D. Al-Ramamnehb, Ali Al-Sharafatc, Anas Abdelqaderd, Hussaine N. Effect of Using Garlic on the Economical and Physiological Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Russian Agricultural Science 2018;44:276–281.
- 34. Martinez Y, Valdivie M. Efficiency of Ross 308 broilers under different nutritional requirements. Journal of
Applied Poultry Research 2021;30:100140. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.japr.2021.100140
- 35. Aviagen. PMxRoss308AP-Broiler Performance Objective. 2022; https://aviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/
Specialty_Males/EPMxRoss308AP_Broiler-PerformanceObjectives2022_EN.pdf. (son okuma 20.Ekim.2023).
- 36. Topal E. Barındırma sisteminin etlik piliç büyüme performansı, hayvan refahı ve karkas özellikleri üzerine
etkisi. BUÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Bursa, 2021.
- 37. Davis MJ. How to control early chick mortality in the broiler house. 2021; https://www.wattagnet.com/broilers-
turkeys/broilers/article/15534464/how-to-control- early-chick-mortality-in-the-broiler-house (Son okuma 20.Ekim.2023).
- 38. Kryeziu AJ, Mestani N, Berisha Sh, Kamberi MA. The European performance indicators of broiler chickens as influenced by stocking density and sex. Agronomy Research 2018; 16: 483 491.
- 39. Abdourhamane IM, Petek M (2020) Serbest Dolaşımlı (Free Range) ve Derin Altlık Barındırma Sisteminin Yavaş ve Hızlı Gelişen Etlik Piliçlerde Büyüme Performansı ve Ekonomik Verimlilik Üzerine Etkisi. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2020; 9 (2): 118-125.
- 40. Özbek M. Etlik piliçlerde değişik barındırma sistemleri ve genotipin kesim ve karkas özellikleri ile et kalitesi
üzerine etkisi. BUÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, 2021, Bursa.
- 41. Milošević N, Stanaćev V, Perić L, Mirjana Đukić S, Veljić M. Effects of different levels of garlic powder in the diet on production parameters and slaughter traits of broiler chickens. Archiv fur Geflügelkunde 2013;77: 254–259.
- 42. Bhaskar Reddy GV, Amaracathi P, Ganguly B, Sen AR, Vievekanada Reddy BV. The effect of herbal supplements on the carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile and meat quality attributes of Broilers. Veterinarski arhiv 2023: 93; 447-462.
- 43. Fletcher DL (1999) Broiler breast meat color variation, pH, and texture. Poultry Science 78:1323-7.
- 44. Lee SK, Jung-Whan Chon, Young-Kwon Yun, Jae-Chung Lee, Cheorun Jo, Kwang-Young Song, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Dongryeoul Bae, Hyunsook Kim, Jin-San Moon, Kun-Ho Seo. Properties of broiler breast meat with pale color and a new approach for evaluating meat freshness in poultry processing plants. Poultry Science 2022; 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psj.2021.101627.
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