Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2020, , 450 - 466, 13.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.29187/jscmt.2020.49

Abstract

References

  • 1. Ahmed, R. (2013). Promoting Sustainable and Green Construction. Almohandis Magazine, Issue 57, p. 16 .[ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 2. Akbari, K. (2013) . What is the impact of buildings on our environment? Almohandis Magazine, Issue 57, p. 21. [ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 3. Al Motawa, M. (2016). Green, sustainable buildings support national economy. Bahrain News Agency [Online]. [Retrieved from 4/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/727038.
  • 4. Al Murbati,J. (2014). Bahrain unit for sustainable energy. UNDP in the Kingdom of Bahrain. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 4/9/2017] Available at:
  • 5. Al Naser, N and Flanagan, R (2007). The need of sustainable buildings construction in the kingdom of Bahrain. Building and Environment, 42 (1), 495-506.[Online]. [ Retrieved from 15/9/2017] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132305003616
  • 6. Al Raees, A. (2015). Sustainability, Fairness and Competitiveness. The Real Estate Market and the 2030 Economic Vision of Bahrain. [Online]. [Retrieved from 13/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/343202/sustainability-fairness-and-competitiveness-the-real-estate-market-and
  • 7. Alnaser, N.W. (2008) Towards Sustainable Buildings in Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, Vol 2, pp 7-21. 8. AlOrrayedh, E. (2014). Interviewed by M. Al-Saffar for Dissertation. British University in Dubai. [ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 9. Alrashed, F and Asif, M (2015). Analysis of critical climate related factors for the application of zero- energy homes in Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Vol. 41, 1395-1403 [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008041
  • 10. Bergman, D. (2012). Sustainable Design: A Critical Guide. Architecture Breiefs. Princeton Architectural Press.
  • 11. Brown, B. J., Hanson, M. E., Liverman, D. M., & Merideth, R. W. (1987). Global sustainability: toward definition. Environmental management, 11(6), 713-719. ‏[Online]. [ Retrieved from 9/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 12. Chan, H & Riiat, S - Zhu, J . (2010). Review of passive solar heating and cooling technologies. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews [Online]. 14(2), 781-789. [ Retrieved from 12/9/2017] Available at:
  • 13. Cooke, P. and Lazzeretti, L. (2008). Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 39(4), 677-686 [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 14. Creswell, J. W (1994), Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches, age Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • 15. Dear, R., Nicol, F., Roaf, S. (2013). The wicked problem of designing for comfort in a rapidly changing world. Architectural Science Review, 56(1). [Retrieved from 10/9/2017].Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00038628.2012.753783
  • 16. Elain, NGL. M. (2013). Impact of green buildings on value of property. Bartlett school of graduate studies. Retrieved from:
  • 17. Elgendy, K. (2014). Two trends of energy and carbon emissions in the Arab world [Online]. [Retrieved from 19/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.carboun.com/category/carbon-emissions/
  • 18. Ferreira, J.F (2016). Sustainability indicators in construction companies. Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal. [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at: https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/281870113703376/Extended%20Abstract%20-%20Jose%20Fernando%20de%20Carvalho%20Ferreira.pdf
  • 19. GORD (2013). Gulf Organisation for Research & Development: (GSAS) Global Sustainablity Assessment System. [Online]. [Retrieved from 19/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.gord.qa/uploads/formsnew/GSAS_Overview_07_for_web.pdf
  • 20. Hegger, M. (2008). Energy Manual (Construction Manuals). Switzerland: Birkhäuser GmbH.
  • 21. Hernandez (2011). Control of Indoor Environments: General Principles [Online]. [Retrieved from 21/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/part-vi-16255/indoor-environmental-control/45/control-of-indoor-environments-general-principles
  • 22. Herzog, T. (2008). Energy Manual (Construction Manuals). Switzerland: Birkhäuser GmbH.
  • 23. Horn, R. (2009). Research & writing dissertation: A complete Guide for business and management students. The chartered institute of personnel and development. London. UK.
  • 24. Houghoton, J. (2009). Global warming, climate change and sustainability [Online]. [ Retrieved from 8/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2008.00451.x/abstract
  • 26. http://www.bh.undp.org/content/bahrain/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2014/11/Bahrain-Unit-for-Sustainable-Energy.html
  • 27. http://www.jri.org.uk/brief/Briefing_14_3rd_edition.pdf
  • 28. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132307002090
  • 29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544208003216
  • 30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032109002615
  • 31. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01944360802380290?scroll=top&needAccess=true
  • 32. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Bartlett/environmental-design/programmes/postgraduate/mscdiploma-facility-environmrnt-management/documents/Elaine_L_M_Ng_82161_assignsubmission_file_FEM-Dissertation-ENg-Submission-1Sep13.pdf
  • 33. https://books.google.com.bh/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qB3v3gYofSUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Lyle,+J.(1994).+Regenerative+Design+for+sustainable+development.+New+york:+wiley.&ots=Dc9egmcIbi&sig=HPBP--3rWaOvuxEwUeaRdPw-1fk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • 34. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01867238
  • 35. https://www.informedesign.org/_news/sustain01_06.pdf
  • 36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237533815_A_Comparative_Evaluation_of_the_Importance_of_Thermal_Mass_of_Traditional_Architecture_in_Hot_and_Dry_Region_in_Turkey?ev=prf_high
  • 37. Isarangkun, C. and Pootrakool, P. (2002) Sustainable economic development through the sufficiency economy philosophy. [Retrieved from 8/9/2017]. Available at: http://v-reform.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/SUSTAINABLE-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT.pdf
  • 38. Kallet, R. H. (2004). How to write the methods section of a research paper. Respiratory care, 49(10), 1229-1232.
  • 39. Kang, M. (2013). Defining Sustainable Design. Implications: A Newsletter by Informed Design. Vol. 1(6). [Online]. [ Retrieved from 14/9/2017]Available at:
  • 40. Lyle, J. (1994). Regenerative Design for sustainable development. New York: Wiley. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 6/9/2017] .Available at:
  • 41. Mahajan, B. (2012). Building Construction & Climate Change: An Indian Perspective. Introduction to climate change. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 18/9/2017] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2319654/Building_Construction_and_Climate_Change
  • 42. Malhorta. N. K. (2007) Marketing research: An Applied orientation (5th ed). Pearson education LTD. New Jersey, USA.
  • 43. Manioglu, G & Yilmaz, Y. (2007).A Comparative Evaluation of the Importance of Thermal Mass of Traditional Architecture in Hot and Dry Region in Turkey. [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 44. Mazria, E. (2003). It's the Architecture, Stupid!: Who really holds the key to the global thermostat?. Solar Today. pp. 48 – 51 [Online]. [ Retrieved from 17/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.mazria.com/publications.html
  • 45. McLennan, J. (2004). The Phhilosophy of Sustainable Design. Kansas City, Missouri. Jason F. McLennan
  • 46. Ochoa, C. E and Capeluto, I. G. (2008). Strategic decision-making for intelligent buildings: Comparative impact of passive design strategies and active features in hot climate. Building and Environment, 43(11), 1829-1839. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 20/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 47. Radhi, H. (2009 a). Evaluating the potential impact of global warming on the UAE residential buildings - A contribution to reduce the CO2 emissions. Building and Environment Journal. 44(12), 2451-2462. [ Retrieved from 16/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132309001024
  • 48. Radhi, H. (2009 b). Can envelop codes reduce electricity and CO2 emissions in different types of buildings in the hot climate of Bahrain. Energy Journal. 34(2), 205-215. [ Retrieved from 9/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 49. Ralegoankar, R. V. & Gupta, R. (2010). Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 14(8), 2238-2242. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 16/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110001279
  • 50. Retzlaff, R.C (2008). Green Building Assessment Systems: A Framework and Comparison for Planners. Journal of the American Planning .74(4), 505-519. [Online]. [Retrieved from 11/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 51. Ruiz, M.C. & Romero, E. (2011). Energy saving in the conventional design of a Spanish house using thermal simulation. Energy and buildings Journal. 43(11), 3226-3235. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 13/9/2017] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778811003720
  • 52. Schucking, H. (2013). Banking in Coal: urgewald, BankTrack, CEE Bankwatch Network and Polska Zielona Siec. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 17/9/2017] Available at: https://www.banktrack.org/download/banking_on_coal/banking_on_coal_updated.pdf
  • 53. Shaka, H. (2013). Sustainability in Qatar: QSAS/GSAS and beyond. [Online]. [Retrieved from 20/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.ice.org.uk/ice_web_portal/media/middleeasst/arup-sustainabilitypresentation.pdf
  • 54. Stevanovic, S. (2013). Optimization of passive solar design strategies: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. Vol. 25. pp 177-196. [Online]. [Retrieved from 11/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113002803
  • 55. Yin, R. (2003), Case study research, design and methods, 3rd ed., vol. 5, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • 56. Yin, R. K (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications, London.
  • 57. Zikmund, W. G, Babin, B. J and Griffin, M (2012), Business research methods, 9th ed., South-Western College Publishing.

Evaluation of Sustainable Building Construction in the kingdom of Bahrain

Year 2020, , 450 - 466, 13.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.29187/jscmt.2020.49

Abstract

Sustainable buildings revolve around the concept of sustainability – to manage limited resources in order to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the future generations. The present research aims to evaluate both practical and theoretical application levels of sustainable building constructions in the Kingdom of Bahrain via sustainability indicators. To carry out this research, the population size is based on architects, contractors, and policy and decision makers from the Kingdom of Bahrain, this research adopted a quantitative research approach by using survey questionnaires and the data analysis was performed with the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Finally, the result of this study is accumulated and presented, followed by recommendations for further research. Our results revealed that the Kingdom of Bahrain weakly supports the level of sustainable building constructions, and it is important now, to integrate renewable energy into buildings, particularly after the increasing prices of fossil fuel "oil and gas".

References

  • 1. Ahmed, R. (2013). Promoting Sustainable and Green Construction. Almohandis Magazine, Issue 57, p. 16 .[ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 2. Akbari, K. (2013) . What is the impact of buildings on our environment? Almohandis Magazine, Issue 57, p. 21. [ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 3. Al Motawa, M. (2016). Green, sustainable buildings support national economy. Bahrain News Agency [Online]. [Retrieved from 4/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/727038.
  • 4. Al Murbati,J. (2014). Bahrain unit for sustainable energy. UNDP in the Kingdom of Bahrain. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 4/9/2017] Available at:
  • 5. Al Naser, N and Flanagan, R (2007). The need of sustainable buildings construction in the kingdom of Bahrain. Building and Environment, 42 (1), 495-506.[Online]. [ Retrieved from 15/9/2017] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132305003616
  • 6. Al Raees, A. (2015). Sustainability, Fairness and Competitiveness. The Real Estate Market and the 2030 Economic Vision of Bahrain. [Online]. [Retrieved from 13/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/343202/sustainability-fairness-and-competitiveness-the-real-estate-market-and
  • 7. Alnaser, N.W. (2008) Towards Sustainable Buildings in Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, Vol 2, pp 7-21. 8. AlOrrayedh, E. (2014). Interviewed by M. Al-Saffar for Dissertation. British University in Dubai. [ Retrieved from 21/9/2017]
  • 9. Alrashed, F and Asif, M (2015). Analysis of critical climate related factors for the application of zero- energy homes in Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Vol. 41, 1395-1403 [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008041
  • 10. Bergman, D. (2012). Sustainable Design: A Critical Guide. Architecture Breiefs. Princeton Architectural Press.
  • 11. Brown, B. J., Hanson, M. E., Liverman, D. M., & Merideth, R. W. (1987). Global sustainability: toward definition. Environmental management, 11(6), 713-719. ‏[Online]. [ Retrieved from 9/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 12. Chan, H & Riiat, S - Zhu, J . (2010). Review of passive solar heating and cooling technologies. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews [Online]. 14(2), 781-789. [ Retrieved from 12/9/2017] Available at:
  • 13. Cooke, P. and Lazzeretti, L. (2008). Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 39(4), 677-686 [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 14. Creswell, J. W (1994), Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches, age Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • 15. Dear, R., Nicol, F., Roaf, S. (2013). The wicked problem of designing for comfort in a rapidly changing world. Architectural Science Review, 56(1). [Retrieved from 10/9/2017].Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00038628.2012.753783
  • 16. Elain, NGL. M. (2013). Impact of green buildings on value of property. Bartlett school of graduate studies. Retrieved from:
  • 17. Elgendy, K. (2014). Two trends of energy and carbon emissions in the Arab world [Online]. [Retrieved from 19/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.carboun.com/category/carbon-emissions/
  • 18. Ferreira, J.F (2016). Sustainability indicators in construction companies. Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal. [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at: https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/281870113703376/Extended%20Abstract%20-%20Jose%20Fernando%20de%20Carvalho%20Ferreira.pdf
  • 19. GORD (2013). Gulf Organisation for Research & Development: (GSAS) Global Sustainablity Assessment System. [Online]. [Retrieved from 19/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.gord.qa/uploads/formsnew/GSAS_Overview_07_for_web.pdf
  • 20. Hegger, M. (2008). Energy Manual (Construction Manuals). Switzerland: Birkhäuser GmbH.
  • 21. Hernandez (2011). Control of Indoor Environments: General Principles [Online]. [Retrieved from 21/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/part-vi-16255/indoor-environmental-control/45/control-of-indoor-environments-general-principles
  • 22. Herzog, T. (2008). Energy Manual (Construction Manuals). Switzerland: Birkhäuser GmbH.
  • 23. Horn, R. (2009). Research & writing dissertation: A complete Guide for business and management students. The chartered institute of personnel and development. London. UK.
  • 24. Houghoton, J. (2009). Global warming, climate change and sustainability [Online]. [ Retrieved from 8/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2008.00451.x/abstract
  • 26. http://www.bh.undp.org/content/bahrain/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2014/11/Bahrain-Unit-for-Sustainable-Energy.html
  • 27. http://www.jri.org.uk/brief/Briefing_14_3rd_edition.pdf
  • 28. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132307002090
  • 29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544208003216
  • 30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032109002615
  • 31. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01944360802380290?scroll=top&needAccess=true
  • 32. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Bartlett/environmental-design/programmes/postgraduate/mscdiploma-facility-environmrnt-management/documents/Elaine_L_M_Ng_82161_assignsubmission_file_FEM-Dissertation-ENg-Submission-1Sep13.pdf
  • 33. https://books.google.com.bh/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qB3v3gYofSUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Lyle,+J.(1994).+Regenerative+Design+for+sustainable+development.+New+york:+wiley.&ots=Dc9egmcIbi&sig=HPBP--3rWaOvuxEwUeaRdPw-1fk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • 34. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01867238
  • 35. https://www.informedesign.org/_news/sustain01_06.pdf
  • 36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237533815_A_Comparative_Evaluation_of_the_Importance_of_Thermal_Mass_of_Traditional_Architecture_in_Hot_and_Dry_Region_in_Turkey?ev=prf_high
  • 37. Isarangkun, C. and Pootrakool, P. (2002) Sustainable economic development through the sufficiency economy philosophy. [Retrieved from 8/9/2017]. Available at: http://v-reform.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/SUSTAINABLE-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT.pdf
  • 38. Kallet, R. H. (2004). How to write the methods section of a research paper. Respiratory care, 49(10), 1229-1232.
  • 39. Kang, M. (2013). Defining Sustainable Design. Implications: A Newsletter by Informed Design. Vol. 1(6). [Online]. [ Retrieved from 14/9/2017]Available at:
  • 40. Lyle, J. (1994). Regenerative Design for sustainable development. New York: Wiley. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 6/9/2017] .Available at:
  • 41. Mahajan, B. (2012). Building Construction & Climate Change: An Indian Perspective. Introduction to climate change. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 18/9/2017] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2319654/Building_Construction_and_Climate_Change
  • 42. Malhorta. N. K. (2007) Marketing research: An Applied orientation (5th ed). Pearson education LTD. New Jersey, USA.
  • 43. Manioglu, G & Yilmaz, Y. (2007).A Comparative Evaluation of the Importance of Thermal Mass of Traditional Architecture in Hot and Dry Region in Turkey. [Online]. [Retrieved from 15/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 44. Mazria, E. (2003). It's the Architecture, Stupid!: Who really holds the key to the global thermostat?. Solar Today. pp. 48 – 51 [Online]. [ Retrieved from 17/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.mazria.com/publications.html
  • 45. McLennan, J. (2004). The Phhilosophy of Sustainable Design. Kansas City, Missouri. Jason F. McLennan
  • 46. Ochoa, C. E and Capeluto, I. G. (2008). Strategic decision-making for intelligent buildings: Comparative impact of passive design strategies and active features in hot climate. Building and Environment, 43(11), 1829-1839. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 20/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 47. Radhi, H. (2009 a). Evaluating the potential impact of global warming on the UAE residential buildings - A contribution to reduce the CO2 emissions. Building and Environment Journal. 44(12), 2451-2462. [ Retrieved from 16/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132309001024
  • 48. Radhi, H. (2009 b). Can envelop codes reduce electricity and CO2 emissions in different types of buildings in the hot climate of Bahrain. Energy Journal. 34(2), 205-215. [ Retrieved from 9/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 49. Ralegoankar, R. V. & Gupta, R. (2010). Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 14(8), 2238-2242. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 16/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110001279
  • 50. Retzlaff, R.C (2008). Green Building Assessment Systems: A Framework and Comparison for Planners. Journal of the American Planning .74(4), 505-519. [Online]. [Retrieved from 11/9/2017]. Available at:
  • 51. Ruiz, M.C. & Romero, E. (2011). Energy saving in the conventional design of a Spanish house using thermal simulation. Energy and buildings Journal. 43(11), 3226-3235. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 13/9/2017] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778811003720
  • 52. Schucking, H. (2013). Banking in Coal: urgewald, BankTrack, CEE Bankwatch Network and Polska Zielona Siec. [Online]. [ Retrieved from 17/9/2017] Available at: https://www.banktrack.org/download/banking_on_coal/banking_on_coal_updated.pdf
  • 53. Shaka, H. (2013). Sustainability in Qatar: QSAS/GSAS and beyond. [Online]. [Retrieved from 20/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.ice.org.uk/ice_web_portal/media/middleeasst/arup-sustainabilitypresentation.pdf
  • 54. Stevanovic, S. (2013). Optimization of passive solar design strategies: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. Vol. 25. pp 177-196. [Online]. [Retrieved from 11/9/2017]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113002803
  • 55. Yin, R. (2003), Case study research, design and methods, 3rd ed., vol. 5, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • 56. Yin, R. K (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications, London.
  • 57. Zikmund, W. G, Babin, B. J and Griffin, M (2012), Business research methods, 9th ed., South-Western College Publishing.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Haya Alqahtani This is me

Bahaaeddin Alareeni This is me

Publication Date October 13, 2020
Submission Date April 5, 2020
Acceptance Date August 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Alqahtani, H., & Alareeni, B. (2020). Evaluation of Sustainable Building Construction in the kingdom of Bahrain. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 5(2), 450-466. https://doi.org/10.29187/jscmt.2020.49

88x31_3.png

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies is open access journal under the CC BY-NC license  (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License)

Based on a work at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jscmt

E-mail: jscmt@yildiz.edu.tr