MULTİPL SKLEROZ HASTALARINA VE AİLELERİNE VERİLEN BESLENME EĞİTİMİNİN BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE BESLENME ALIŞKANLIKLARINA ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 77 - 85, 25.12.2019

Zeynep Uzdil , Perim Fatma Türker , Murat Terzi

Abstract

Amaç: Multipl skleroz
(MS) hastalarına ve ailelerine
verilen beslenme eğitiminin bilgi düzeyi ve beslenme alışkanlıklarına etkisini
araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya,
Ekim 2018- Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Nöroloji Polikliniği’ ne başvuran, ayaktan
tedavi edilen yaş ortalaması 36.4±10.80 yıl, 18-59 yaş arasındaki 10 (%19.6)
erkek, 41 (%80.4) kadın toplam 51 MS hastası dahil edilmiştir. Eğitim verilme
durumlarına göre 3 grup oluşturulmuştur. Hasta eğitim grubu (HEG); sadece MS
hastaları, aile eğitim grubu (AEG); MS hastalarına ve bir aile ferdine eğitim
verilen, kontrol grubu (KG); MS hastalarından oluşan beslenme eğitimi
verilmeyen gruptur. Beslenme eğitimi, ayda bir gün, 3 ay süresince toplamda 3
kez verilmiştir. Genel tanımlayıcı bilgiler, anket formu ile yüz yüze görüşme
yöntemiyle sorgulanmıştır. Bireylerin besin tüketimleri ve beslenme
alışkanlıkları sorgulanmıştır. Eğitimin etkinliği beslenme bilgi düzeyi
testiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde IBM SPSS 21.0
istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: MS hastalarına
verilen beslenme eğitimiyle beslenme bilgi düzeyi (BBD)’ nin eğitim sonrasında
arttığı saptanmıştır. HEG ve AEG’ deki hastaların KG’ a göre eğitim sonu ve
izlemde BBD puanı yüksek belirlenmiştir. Ana öğün tüketim sayısı, HEG’ deki bireylerde
eğitimle anlamlı artış gösterirken, AEG’ de anlamlı artış göstermediği
belirlenmiştir. Eğitim sonrası AEG’ deki bireylerin HEG ve KG’ deki bireylere
göre daha fazla su tükettiği (AEG, HEG, KG için sırası ile 1613.3±534.34 ml,
1168.4±603.74 ml, 1023.5±305.22 ml) tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). HEG’ deki
bireylerin izlemde enerji tüketimlerinde eğitim öncesine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış saptanmıştır
(p<0.05). Eğitimin tamamlanmasından sonraki izlemde AEG’ deki bireylerin
daha fazla miktarda B6 vitamini, magnezyum,
eğitim sonrasında daha fazla kalsiyum, demir, toplam posa tükettiği
belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). 

Sonuç
ve Öneriler:
Bu çalışmada, MS hastalarına diyetisyen aracılığıyla verilen beslenme eğitimiyle
hastaların bilgi düzeyleri artış göstermiştir. Eğitime aileleriyle katılan
bireylerin, tek başına eğitime katılanlara göre besin tüketimleri olumlu
etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma, beslenme eğitiminin öneminin yanında, aile
desteğinin de önemini ortaya koymaktadır. 

Keywords

Aile katılımı, beslenme eğitimi, beslenme bilgi düzeyi, multipl skleroz

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND NUTRITIONAL HABITS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES

Abstract

Objective:
Aim
of study was investigate effect of nutrition education on knowledge level and
nutritional habits of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their families.

Methods: This study was
conducted between October 2018-March 2019 at Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University
Health Application and Research Center Neurology Polyclinic, 10 (19.6%) males, 41
(80.4%) females, totally 51 outpatient MS patients (mean 36.4 ± 10.80 years)
aged between 18-59 years included. Individuals divided into 3 groups according
to giving nutrition education. Patient education group (PEG): only MS patients,
family education group (FEG): patients and a family member (CG): MS patients
without education. Nutritional education was given 3 times for 3 months, once a
month. General descriptive information was questioned by questionnaire form face
to face interview method. Food consumption, feeding habits of individuals were
questioned. Effectiveness of education was evaluated by nutritional knowledge
level test. IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical program was used to evaluate data.  

Results:
Nutritional
knowledge level (NKL) of patients increased with nutritional education. NKL of
PEG and FEG were found higher than CG end of education and follow-up. While
number of consumed main meals significantly increased with education in PEG, there
was no increase in FEG. After education, in FEG consumed more water than
individuals in PEG and CG (For FEG, PEG, CG were 1613.3 ± 534.34 ml, 1168.4 ±
603.74 ml, 1023.5 ± 305.22 ml, respectively) (p<0.05). There was
statistically significant increase in energy consumption in PEG compared to
pre-training (p<0.05). In follow-up after education, FEG consumed more
vitamin B6, magnesium, and after education, consumed more calcium, iron, total
fiber (p <0.05).

Conclusion
and Suggestions: This
study, knowledge level of patients increased with nutrition education given via
dieticians. Nutrient consumption of individuals participated in education with
their families was positively affected than alone. This study demonstrates
importance of nutrition education and the importance of family support.

Keywords

Family participation; nutrition education; nutritional knowledge level; multiple sclerosis

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