What Women Know About Colostrum?: A Qualitative Research

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 489 - 508, 29.08.2022

Nilüfer Topkara , Feyza Aktaş Reyhan , Elif Dağlı

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1095091

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate women’s colostrum knowledge.
Method: As a qualitative case study, it was conducted between 15 November 2021 and 30 December 2021. Women who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital and were breastfeeding participated in the study (N=27). In the collection of data; Introductory Information and Semi-Structured Interview Forms were used, and the interviews were recorded on a voice recorder. Content analysis method was used in the evaluation of the data. The transcribed data were first coded in a similar way and themes and sub-themes were revealed after a code list was created.
Results: Research data; Breastfeeding information, Importance of Breastfeeding, Information about colostrum, Breastfeeding and colostrum requirements are gathered under four main themes. The women did not receive breastfeeding education, the main source of breastfeeding information was health professionals, they expressed the most important effects of breastfeeding as strengthening the mother-infant bond and immunity, they often defined colostrum as the first milk after birth, they saw the most important benefit of colostrum for the baby as strengthening immunity, it was determined that they described the consistency as yellow and dense, and demanded information and consultancy services by health professionals with applied training in pregnancy.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that women are aware of the importance of breastfeeding, they have general knowledge about colostrum and breastfeeding, but there is a need for practical training on breastfeeding, especially starting from the pregnancy period, and health professionals should give more importance to information and counseling and contact women more.

Keywords

Colostrum, Colostrum information, Breastfeeding, Midwife, Qualitative research

Kadınlar Kolostrum Hakkında Ne Biliyor?: Nitel Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma kadınların kolostrum bilgisini değerlendirmek üzere yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Niteliksel durum çalışması olarak 15.11.2021-30.12.2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nin Kadın Doğum Polikliniğine başvuran ve emziren kadınlar(N=27) katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında; Tanıtıcı Bilgi ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılmış olup, yapılan görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yazıya dökülen veriler önce benzer şekilde kodlanmış ve bir kod listesi oluşturulmasının ardından temalar ve alt temalar ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma verileri; Emzirme bilgisi, Emzirmenin Önemi, Kolostrum hakkındaki bilgileri, Emzirme ve kolostrum konusundaki gereksinimler olmak üzere dört ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Kadınların
emzirme eğitimi almadıkları, emzirme bilgisinin ana kaynağının sağlık profesyonelleri olduğu, emzirmenin en önemli etkilerini anne-bebek bağını ve bağışıklığı güçlendirme olarak ifade ettikleri, kolostrumu sıklıkla doğumdan sonraki ilk süt olarak tanımladıkları, kolostrumun bebeğe en önemli faydasını bağışıklığı güçlendirme olarak gördükleri, kolostrumun renk ve kıvamını sarı ve yoğun olarak tarif ettikleri, gebelikte uygulamalı eğitimler ile sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından bilgi ve danışmanlık hizmeti verilmesini talep ettikleri saptanmıştır
Sonuç: Kadınların emzirmenin öneminin farkında oldukları, kolostrum ve emzirme hakkında genel bilgilerinin olduğu, ancak emzirme konusunda gebelik döneminden başlayan özellikle uygulamalı eğitimlere gereksinim duyulduğu, sağlık profesyonellerinin bilgilendirme ve danışmanlık konusuna daha fazla önem vermesi, kadınlarla daha fazla temas etmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Kolostrum, Kolostrum bilgisi, Emzirme, Ebe, Nitel araştırma

References

• Abas, M. M., & Hasan, S. S. (2021). Knowledge and Practices Regarding Early Colostrum Feeding Among Mothers in Erbil Governorate: a Comparative Study.
• Aksayan, S., & Emiroğlu, O. N. (2002). Araştırma tasarımı. Hemşirelikte Araştırma İlke Süreç ve Yöntemleri. Odak Ofset, İstanbul, 65-124.
• Asim, M., Ahmed, Z. H., Hayward, M. D., &Widen, E. M. (2020). Prelacteal feeding practices in Pakistan: a mixed-methods study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 15(1), 1-11.
• Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi.
• Butar, M. J. B., Ringo, E. S., & Tambunan, I. Y. (2022). Relationship Between The Level Of Knowledge Of Breastfeeding Mothers With The Provision Of Colostrum And Breast Milk In Village Health Pos Sitio II In 2020. International Archives of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 3(1), 10-15.
• Chugh Sachdeva, R., Mondkar, J., Shanbhag, S., Manuhar, M., Khan, A., Dasgupta, R., & Israel-Ballard, K. (2019). A qualitative analysis of the barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding and kangaroo mother care among service providers, mothers and influencers of neonates admitted in two urban hospitals in India. Breastfeeding medicine, 14(2), 108-114.
• Colostrum (https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/colostrum.htm., Erişim: 27.02.2022).
• Conneely, M., Berry, D. P., Murphy, J. P., Lorenz, I., Doherty, M. L., & Kennedy, E. (2014). Effect of feeding colostrum at different volumes and subsequent number of transition milk feeds on the serum immunoglobulin G concentration and health status of dairy calves. Journal of dairy science, 97(11), 6991-7000.
• Demirchyan, A., &Melkom Melkomian, D. (2020). Main barriers to optimal breastfeeding practices in Armenia: A qualitative study. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(2), 318-327.
• Ertem, G., & Ergün, S. (2013). Traditional practices and beliefs regarding nutrition of children in the 0-5 age group in western Turkey: A qualitative study.
• Gebremeskel, S. G., Gebru, T. T., Gebrehiwot, B. G., Meles, H. N., Tafere, B. B., Gebreslassie, G. W., ... & Weldegeorges, D. A. (2019). Early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers of aged less than 12 months children in rural eastern zone, Tigray, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. BMC research notes, 12(1), 1-6.
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 271.
• Habibi, M., Laamiri, F. Z., Aguenaou, H., Doukkali, L., Mrabet, M., &Barkat, A. (2018). The impact of maternal socio-demographic characteristics on breastfeeding knowledge and practices: An experience from Casablanca, Morocco. International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 5(2), 39-48.
• Harakeh, S., Almatrafi, M., Bukhari, R., Alamri, T., Barnawi, S., Joshi, S., ... & Aljaouni, S. (2020). Colostrum knowledge among Saudi mothers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1-13.
• Horii, N., Allman, J., Martin-Prével, Y., & Waltisperger, D. (2017). Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in rural Niger: cross-sectional study of community based child health care promotion. International breastfeeding journal, 12(1), 1-10.
• Joseph, F. I., &Earland, J. (2019). A qualitative exploration of the sociocultural determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural mothers, North West Nigeria. International breastfeeding journal, 14(1), 1-11.
• Joshi, S. K., Barakoti, B., &Lamsal, S. (2012). Colostrum feeding: knowledge, attitude and practice in pregnant women in a teaching hospital in Nepal.
• Kamble, B. D., Kaur, R., Acharya, B. P., &Gupta, M. (2020). Infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6 months-2 years in a rural area of Haryana: A qualitative study. Journal of Family Medicine and PrimaryCare, 9(7), 3392.
• Khatun, H., Comins, C. A., Shah, R., MunirulIslam, M., Choudhury, N., &Ahmed, T. (2018). Uncovering the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding for mothers living in Dhaka’sslums: a mixed method study. International breastfeeding journal, 13(1), 1-11.
• Kitano, N., Nomura, K., Kido, M., Murakami, K., Ohkubo, T., Ueno, M., & Sugimoto, M. (2016). Combined effects of maternal age and parity on successful initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. Preventive medicine reports, 3, 121-126.
• La Leche League International. What is colostrum? ( http://staging.llli.org/faq/colostrum.html., Erişim: 21.03.2022).
• Li, J., Zhao, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. P., Chen, C. Y., Huang, Y., ... & Zhou, H. (2021). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers in nine community health centres in Nanning city, China: a cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16(1), 1-14.
• Majra, J. P., & Silan, V. K. (2016). Barriers to early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in a tertiary care Institute of Haryana: a qualitative study in nursing care providers. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 10(9), LC16.
• McInnes, R. J., &Chambers, J. A. (2008). Supporting breastfeeding mothers: qualitative synthesis. Journal of advanced nursing, 62(4), 407-427.
• McLelland, G., Hall, H., Gilmour, C., &Cant, R. (2015). Support needs of breast-feeding women: Views of Australian midwives and health nurses. Midwifery, 31(1), e1-e6.
• Mekonnen, N., Asfaw, S., Mamo, A., Mulu, Y., & Fentahun, N. (2018). Barriers and facilitators of child-feeding practice in a small sample of individuals from Gozamin District, Northwest of Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC nutrition, 4(1), 1-7.
• Mgongo, M., Hussein, T. H., Stray-Pedersen, B., Vangen, S., Msuya, S. E., &Wandel, M. (2018). “We give water or porridge, but we don’t really know what the child wants:” a qualitative study on women’s perceptions and practises regarding exclusive breastfeeding in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 1-9.
• Mohamed, M. J., Ochola, S., & Owino, V. O. (2018). Comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices on exclusive breastfeeding between primiparous and multiparous mothers attending Wajir District hospital, Wajir County, Kenya: a cross-sectional analytical study. International breastfeeding journal, 13(1), 1-10.
• Neves, P. A., Barros, A. J., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Vaz, J. S., Baker, P., & Lutter, C. K. (2021). Maternal education and equity in breastfeeding: trends and patterns in 81 low-and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2019. International journal for equity in health, 20(1), 1-13.
• Nst, K. K. N., & Sudaryati, E. (2021). Factors Influenced the Administration of Colostrum among Mothers with Post-Sectio Caesarean in Bunda Thamrin Hospital, Medan. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 4(3), 295-302.
• Ozan Leylum, Ş., Odabaşı, H. F., & Kabakçı Yurdakul, I. (2017). Eğitim ortamlarında durum çalışmasının önemi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi - Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 5(3), 369-385. Pandya, A., Chavada, M., Jain, R., & Verma, P. B. (2015). Determinants for delayed initiation of breastfeeding-a hospital based comparative study between primiparous and multiparous mothers. The Journal of Medical Research, 1(2), 49-54.
• Potdar, D. B., Potdar, N. P., P Shah, P., Lavande, S. G., & B Patil, S. (2020). INITIATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF LACTATION AMONG PRIMIPAROUS MOTHERS. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(1), 4118-4124.
• Sankar, M. J., Sinha, B., Chowdhury, R., Bhandari, N., Taneja, S., Martines, J., & Bahl, R. (2015). Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta paediatrica, 104, 3-13.
• Shakya, N., & Shakya, M. M. (2021). Barrier of early initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 8(1), 93-101.
• Sohail, J., & Khaliq, A. (2017). KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS REGARDING COLOSTRUM FEEDING TO NEWBORNS IN RURAL PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Khyber Medical University Journal, 9(4).
• TNSA, 2018. (http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/23356, Erişim: 14.03.2022).
• TURAN, A., & KUTLU, L. Bebeklerin İlk Emzirilmesinde Geleneksel Yaklaşımların Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 53-64.
• Unicef, & WHO. (2018). Capture the moment: Early initiation of breastfeeding: The best start for every newborn. United Nations Children's Fund.
• UNICEF. The State of the World’sChildren 2019. Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world. New York: UNICEF; 2019.
• World Health Organization. (2009). Infant and young child feeding: model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. World Health Organization.
• Vieira, G. O., de Oliveira Vieira, T., da Cruz Martins, C., Ramos, M. D. S. X., & Giugliani, E. R. J. (2021). Risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years: a birth cohort study. BMC pediatrics, 21(1), 1-10.
• YİĞİTALP, G., & GÜMÜŞ, F. (2017). Diyarbakır’da 15-49 yaş kadınların bebek bakımıyla ilgili geleneksel uygulamaları. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 11(3), 188-196.
• Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
• Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Vereijken, C., Stahl, B., &Jiang, H. (2018). Breastfeeding experience, challenges and service demands among Chinese mothers: A qualitative study in two cities. Appetite, 128, 263-270.