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Çoksesli Müzikten Polifonik Romana: Aldous Huxley’nin Ses Sese Karşı Adlı Romanı

Year 2015, , 155 - 191, 01.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.256786

Abstract

İngiliz yazar Aldous Huxley’nin Ses Sese Karşı (1928) adlı romanı ilk bakışta birçok değişik kişinin öykülerini ve onların içinde yaşadıkları modern dünyaya ve sürdürdükleri yaşamlara ilişkin bakış açılarını içeren bir roman görünümündedir. İşte, romanın tam da bu özelliği onun polifonik bir roman olarak çalışılmasını sağlamaktadır. Roman okura birbirinden oldukça farklı bir grup karakter ile çağdaş toplumdan geniş bir yelpaze sunmaktadır. Roman kişileri kolaylıkla fark edilebilecek fiziksel, zihinsel, duygusal, psikolojik ve ahlâki özellikleriyle karakterize edilmiş ve bireyselleştirilmiştir. Her biri sosyal statü, politik görüş, zenginlik vb. farklılıklarla donatılmışlardır. Bu yüzden de Ses Sese Karşı’da polifonik yapıyı sağlayan birbirinden çok farklı bakış açıları, daima çatışan sesler, çelişen kanı ve düşünceler eşzamanlı olarak duyulmaktadır. Çokseslilik müziksel bir terim olup birden fazla notanın ve ezginin bir ritm oluşturmak üzere aynı anda çalınmasıdır. Romanda ise polifoni ilk kez M. M. Bakhtin tarafından Dostoyevski’nin eserlerini analiz etmek üzere kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç öncelikle Bakhtin’de çokseslilik kavramı ile onunla yakından ilişkili diyalojizm ve çok dillilik (heteroglossia) kavramlarını açıklamak, daha sonra ise polifonik ve diyalojik bir söylem olarak Ses Sese Karşı’nın özelliklerini, romanın diyalojik düzlemini ve heteroglot özelliklerini irdeleyerek ortaya koymaktır

References

  • Abrams, M.H., (1999). A glossary of literary terms. (7. Bs.). Amerika: Heinle & Heinle.
  • Allen, Graham, (2000). Intertextuality. (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (2004). Dostoyevski poetikasının sorunları. Cem Soydemir (Çev.) İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1999). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics.Carly Emerson ve Wayne C. Booth (Ed. Ve Çev.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1981). Michael Holquist (Ed.), Carly Emerson ve Michael Holquist (Çev.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Booth, Wayne C. (2004). “Sunuş”. Cem Soydemir (Çev.), Dostoyevski poetikasının sorunları içinde(ss. 7-24). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Burgess, Anthony. (1974). English literature. (9. Bs.). İngiltere: Longman Group Ltd.
  • Clark, Katerina, ve Michael Holquist, (1984). Michael bakhtin. Amerika: Harvard University Press.
  • Dentith, Simon. (1996). Bakhtinian thought: An introductory reader. Büyük Britanya: Clays Ltd.
  • Huxley, Aldous. (1931). Tragedy and the whole truth. The virginia quarterly review. 176- 185.
  • Huxley, Aldous. (2008). Point Counter Point. London: Routledge-Curzon
  • Huxley, Aldous. (1992). Ses Sese Karşı. (3. Bs.) Mina Urgan (Çev.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kettle, Arnold. (1969). An introduction to the english novel:Volume II Henry james to the present day. Londra: Hutchinson University Library.
  • Lodge, David, (1990). After bakhtin: Essays on fiction and criticism. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Lodge, David, ve Nigel Wood. (Ed.). (2000). Modern criticism and theory: A reader. Singapur: Longman Ltd.
  • Marovitz, Sanford E. (1969). “Aldous huxley’s intellectual zoo”, Philological quarterly, 48: 495-507.
  • Meckier, Jerome. (1969). Aldous huxley: Satire and structure. London: Chatto and Windus.
  • Meckier, Jerome. (2010). “ Quarles among the monkeys: Huxley’s zoological novels”, Harold Bloom (ed.). Bloom’s modern critical views: Aldous huxley içinde (ss. 59- 76). New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Smith, Grover (Ed.). (1969). Letters of aldous huxley. Londra: Chatto &Windus.
  • Strauch, Eduard Hugo. (2001). Beyond literary theory: Literature as a search for the meaning of human destiny. Amerika: University Press of America, Inc.
  • Quina, James. (1977). The mathematical-physical universe a basis for multiplicity and the quest for unity in Point Counter Point. Studies in the Novel, 9, 4: 428-444. Amerika: University of North Texas.
  • Urgan, Mina. (1992). “Önsöz”. Ses Sese Karşı içinde (ss. 5-12) Mina Urgan, (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
  • Voloshinov, V. N. (1973). Marxism and the philosophy of language. Ladislaw Matejka ve I. R. Titunik (Çev.) New York ve Londra: Seminar Press, Inc.
  • Woolf, Virginia. (1986). “Modern Fiction”. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. (5. Bs.). M. H. Abrams vd. (Ed.) içinde (ss.1993-1999). New York ve Londra: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
  • Elektronik Kaynaklar Huxley, hhtp:// www.youtube.com/watch?v:clhqajR_qgA (2013Eylül 9)
  • Marovitz, Sanford E. (2013), “Point Counter Point: Huxley's tragi-comic performance of
  • the “human fugue”, http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/wpcontent/uploads
  • /pdf/Huxley_Point_Casebook/marovitz.pdf (2013 Ekim 1) Harvey Interview,

From Contrapuntal Music to Polyphonic Novel: Aldous Huxley’s Point Counter Point

Year 2015, , 155 - 191, 01.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.256786

Abstract

Taken at face value Point Counter Point (1928) written by Aldous Huxley seems to be a novel including many stories of various and sundry people and reflecting their points of view about the world in which they live and about the life they have been leading. However, it is this very quality of the novel that provides grounds for the study of the novel as a polyphonic one. The novel presents to its reader an aggregate of strikingly different characters and thus a broad spectrum of contemporary society. The characters in the novel are all characterized by and individualized with easily recognizable physical, intellectual, emotional, psychological and moral qualities. Each of them is well-contrived through their differences in social status, political views, wealth, etc. Thus, many different viewpoints, conflicting voices, contrasting insights and ideas are heard and seen synchronically in Point Counter Point, which makes it polyphonic. Polyphony is a musical motif referring to different notes and chords played at the same time to create a rhythm. It was first adopted by M. M. Bakhtin to analyze F. M. Dostoyevsky’s fiction. The aim of this study is firstly to elucidate, in Bakhtinian thought, polyphony and then dialogism and heteroglossia closely related to his concept of polyphony; and then to put the polyphonic qualities in Point Counter Point forth, studying the novel’s dialogism and heteroglot qualities

References

  • Abrams, M.H., (1999). A glossary of literary terms. (7. Bs.). Amerika: Heinle & Heinle.
  • Allen, Graham, (2000). Intertextuality. (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (2004). Dostoyevski poetikasının sorunları. Cem Soydemir (Çev.) İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1999). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics.Carly Emerson ve Wayne C. Booth (Ed. Ve Çev.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1981). Michael Holquist (Ed.), Carly Emerson ve Michael Holquist (Çev.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Booth, Wayne C. (2004). “Sunuş”. Cem Soydemir (Çev.), Dostoyevski poetikasının sorunları içinde(ss. 7-24). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Burgess, Anthony. (1974). English literature. (9. Bs.). İngiltere: Longman Group Ltd.
  • Clark, Katerina, ve Michael Holquist, (1984). Michael bakhtin. Amerika: Harvard University Press.
  • Dentith, Simon. (1996). Bakhtinian thought: An introductory reader. Büyük Britanya: Clays Ltd.
  • Huxley, Aldous. (1931). Tragedy and the whole truth. The virginia quarterly review. 176- 185.
  • Huxley, Aldous. (2008). Point Counter Point. London: Routledge-Curzon
  • Huxley, Aldous. (1992). Ses Sese Karşı. (3. Bs.) Mina Urgan (Çev.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kettle, Arnold. (1969). An introduction to the english novel:Volume II Henry james to the present day. Londra: Hutchinson University Library.
  • Lodge, David, (1990). After bakhtin: Essays on fiction and criticism. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Lodge, David, ve Nigel Wood. (Ed.). (2000). Modern criticism and theory: A reader. Singapur: Longman Ltd.
  • Marovitz, Sanford E. (1969). “Aldous huxley’s intellectual zoo”, Philological quarterly, 48: 495-507.
  • Meckier, Jerome. (1969). Aldous huxley: Satire and structure. London: Chatto and Windus.
  • Meckier, Jerome. (2010). “ Quarles among the monkeys: Huxley’s zoological novels”, Harold Bloom (ed.). Bloom’s modern critical views: Aldous huxley içinde (ss. 59- 76). New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Smith, Grover (Ed.). (1969). Letters of aldous huxley. Londra: Chatto &Windus.
  • Strauch, Eduard Hugo. (2001). Beyond literary theory: Literature as a search for the meaning of human destiny. Amerika: University Press of America, Inc.
  • Quina, James. (1977). The mathematical-physical universe a basis for multiplicity and the quest for unity in Point Counter Point. Studies in the Novel, 9, 4: 428-444. Amerika: University of North Texas.
  • Urgan, Mina. (1992). “Önsöz”. Ses Sese Karşı içinde (ss. 5-12) Mina Urgan, (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
  • Voloshinov, V. N. (1973). Marxism and the philosophy of language. Ladislaw Matejka ve I. R. Titunik (Çev.) New York ve Londra: Seminar Press, Inc.
  • Woolf, Virginia. (1986). “Modern Fiction”. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. (5. Bs.). M. H. Abrams vd. (Ed.) içinde (ss.1993-1999). New York ve Londra: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
  • Elektronik Kaynaklar Huxley, hhtp:// www.youtube.com/watch?v:clhqajR_qgA (2013Eylül 9)
  • Marovitz, Sanford E. (2013), “Point Counter Point: Huxley's tragi-comic performance of
  • the “human fugue”, http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/wpcontent/uploads
  • /pdf/Huxley_Point_Casebook/marovitz.pdf (2013 Ekim 1) Harvey Interview,
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA33BN74BY
Journal Section Article
Authors

Mevlüde Zengin This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2015
Submission Date June 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015

Cite

APA Zengin, M. (2015). Çoksesli Müzikten Polifonik Romana: Aldous Huxley’nin Ses Sese Karşı Adlı Romanı. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 155-191. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.256786