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Ekonomik Büyüme ile Turizm Geliri Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki: Türkiye ve KKTC Örneği

Year 2018, , 592 - 602, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.314716

Abstract

Turizm temelli
büyüme hipotezi, birçok ulusal ve uluslararası araştırmada araştırılmıştır.
Buna rağmen her çalışmada farklı yöntem, farklı veri yapısı ve farklı ülkeler
kullanılsa da, bu çalışma sonuçlarında bir görüş birliğine varılmamaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, 1977 ve 2013 yılları arasında GDP ve turizm gelirleri yıllık
verileri kullanılarak Türkiye ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti için ekonomik
büyüme ve turizm arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisi araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmada
ARDL sınır testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye için turizm
gelirleri ve GDP arasında hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde ilişki olduğu ve turizm
gelirlerinden GDP’ye doğru tek yönlü bir dolaylı nedensellik sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar turizm temelli büyüme hipotezini desteklemekte ve hem
kısa hem de uzun dönemde turizm sektörünün gelişimini hedefleyen politikalar
etkindir. Fakat KKTC için turizm geliri ve GDP arasındaki ilişki için uygulanan
test, KKTC için bu iki değişken arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olmadığını
göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla KKTC için turizm temelli büyüme hipotezinin geçerli
olmadığı bulunmuştur. 

References

  • Akdi, Y. (2003), Zaman Serileri Analizi (Birim Kökler ve Kointegrasyon), 1. Baskı, Ankara: Bıçakçılar Kitapevi.
  • Aslan, A. (2008), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Turizm İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Analiz”, Munich Personel RePEc Archieve, Paper No: 10611.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2007), Zaman Serileri Analizi, 1. Ankara: Baskı, Ekin Kitapevi.
  • Brau R., Lanza A., and Pigliaru F. (2007), “How Fast Are Small Tourism Countries Growing? Evidence From The Data For 1980–2003”, Tourism Economics Vol. 13, pp. 603–613
  • Brida, J.G. and Pulina, M. (2010), “A Literature Review on the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis”, Working Paper Crenos 20117, Center for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
  • Chou, M. C., (2013), “Does Tourism Development Promote Economic Growth in Transition Countries? A Panel Data Analyses”, Economic Modelling, Vol. 33, pp. 226 – 232.
  • Dritsakis, N. (2004), “Tourism as a Long-Run Economic Growth Factor: An Emprical Investigation for Greece Using Causality Analyses”, Tourism Economics, Vol.10, No. 3, pp. 305 – 316.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, 4. Baskı, New York City: The McGraw – Hill Companies.
  • Jenkins, H. P. and Katıcıoğlu, S. (2009), “The Bounds Test Approach for Cointegration and Causality between Financial Development, International Trade and Economic Growth: The Case of Cyprus”, Applied Economics, Pending Acceptance.
  • Kaplan, M. and Çelik, T. (2008), “The Impact of Tourism on Economic Performance: The Case of Turkey”, The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 13 – 18.
  • Khalil, S., Kakar, M. K. and Waliullah (2007), “Role of Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy”, The Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 46, No. 4, Part II, pp. 985 – 995.
  • Kızılgöl Ö. and Erbaykal, E. (2008), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Nedensellik Analizi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.13, No. 2, pp. 351 –360.
  • Krueger, A.O. (1980), “Trade Policy as an Input to Development”, American Economic Review, Vol. 70, pp. 188 – 292.
  • Lee, C. C. and Chang, C. P. (2008), “Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Closer Look at Panels”, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, pp. 180 – 192.
  • Lejarraga, I., and Walkenhorst, P., (2013), “Economic Policy, Tourism Trade and Productive Diversification”, CEPII, WP, No: 2013 – 07, pp. 2 -29
  • Mahadeva, L. and Robinson, P. (2004), “Unit Root Testing to Help Model Building”, Center for Central Banking Studies. Bank of England, London.
  • McKinnon, D.R.I. (1964), “Foreign Exchange Constraint in Economic Development and Efficient Aid Allocation”, Economic Journal, Vol. 74, pp. 388 – 409.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2007). Testing Convergence of Fiji’s Tourism Markets. Pacific Economic Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 651 – 663.
  • Nowak, J. J. and others, (2003), “Tourism, Trade and Domestic Welfare”, Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 245 – 258.
  • Oh, C. O. (2005), “The Contribution of Tourism Development to Economic Growth in the Korean Economy”, Tourism Management, Vol. 26, pp. 39 – 44.
  • Ongan, S. and Demiröz, D. M. (2005), “The Contribution of Tourism to the Long-Run Turkish Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics, Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 880 – 894.
  • Paci, R. and Marrocu, E. (2013), “Tourism and Regional Growth in Europe”, Papers in Regional Sciences, Vol. 93, pp. 25 – 50.
  • Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bound Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Long Run Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 289-326.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. and Perron, P. (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, Vol. 75, pp. 335 – 346.
  • Sandalcılar, A. R. (2012), “Türkiye’de Kağıt Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi”, C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 2 – 15.
  • Sevüktekin, M. and Çınar M. (2017), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi: Eviews Uygulamalı. 5. Baskı, Bursa: Dora Basım – Yayım.
  • Smith, E. J. M. (2001), “Is the Export – Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Developing Countries? A Case Study of Costa Rica”, United Nations Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities: Study Series No. 7. New York and Geneva.
  • Uysal, D., Erdoğan, S. ve Mucuk M. (2004), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki (1992 – 2003)”, SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar, Dergisi, No. 4, Vol. 8, pp. 163 – 170.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council, (2006), “Country Report: Fiji”, World Travel and Tourism Council, Report Available Online at http://www.wttc.org.
  • Yavuz, N. Ç. (2006), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma ve Nedensellik Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 162 – 171.

The Long-Run Relationship between Economic Growth and Tourism Revenue: The Case of Turkey and TRNC

Year 2018, , 592 - 602, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.314716

Abstract

Tourism-led growth hypothesis has been researched by several domestic
and international studies. However, there is no consensus on the results of
these studies since different countries with different data and different
approaches are used for each of them. In this study, the long-run relationship
between tourism and economic growth for Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus were researched by using annual data of tourism income and GDP between
1977 and 2013, and the role and strength of tourism sector in economic growth
for both countries are investigated. ARDL bounds test are used for this study.
According to the results, for Turkey, both short and long term relationships
between tourism revenues and GDP are found, and there is also a unidirectional
causality relationship from tourism revenues to GDP. The results also indicate
that tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid, and the policies targeting
development of tourism sector are efficient in both short and long term for
Turkey. However, when the relationship between tourism revenues and GDP for TRNC
is tested, co-integration relationship cannot be found between these two
variables so, we can conclude that tourism-led growth hypothesis is not valid
for TRNC.

References

  • Akdi, Y. (2003), Zaman Serileri Analizi (Birim Kökler ve Kointegrasyon), 1. Baskı, Ankara: Bıçakçılar Kitapevi.
  • Aslan, A. (2008), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Turizm İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Analiz”, Munich Personel RePEc Archieve, Paper No: 10611.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2007), Zaman Serileri Analizi, 1. Ankara: Baskı, Ekin Kitapevi.
  • Brau R., Lanza A., and Pigliaru F. (2007), “How Fast Are Small Tourism Countries Growing? Evidence From The Data For 1980–2003”, Tourism Economics Vol. 13, pp. 603–613
  • Brida, J.G. and Pulina, M. (2010), “A Literature Review on the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis”, Working Paper Crenos 20117, Center for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
  • Chou, M. C., (2013), “Does Tourism Development Promote Economic Growth in Transition Countries? A Panel Data Analyses”, Economic Modelling, Vol. 33, pp. 226 – 232.
  • Dritsakis, N. (2004), “Tourism as a Long-Run Economic Growth Factor: An Emprical Investigation for Greece Using Causality Analyses”, Tourism Economics, Vol.10, No. 3, pp. 305 – 316.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, 4. Baskı, New York City: The McGraw – Hill Companies.
  • Jenkins, H. P. and Katıcıoğlu, S. (2009), “The Bounds Test Approach for Cointegration and Causality between Financial Development, International Trade and Economic Growth: The Case of Cyprus”, Applied Economics, Pending Acceptance.
  • Kaplan, M. and Çelik, T. (2008), “The Impact of Tourism on Economic Performance: The Case of Turkey”, The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 13 – 18.
  • Khalil, S., Kakar, M. K. and Waliullah (2007), “Role of Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy”, The Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 46, No. 4, Part II, pp. 985 – 995.
  • Kızılgöl Ö. and Erbaykal, E. (2008), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Nedensellik Analizi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.13, No. 2, pp. 351 –360.
  • Krueger, A.O. (1980), “Trade Policy as an Input to Development”, American Economic Review, Vol. 70, pp. 188 – 292.
  • Lee, C. C. and Chang, C. P. (2008), “Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Closer Look at Panels”, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, pp. 180 – 192.
  • Lejarraga, I., and Walkenhorst, P., (2013), “Economic Policy, Tourism Trade and Productive Diversification”, CEPII, WP, No: 2013 – 07, pp. 2 -29
  • Mahadeva, L. and Robinson, P. (2004), “Unit Root Testing to Help Model Building”, Center for Central Banking Studies. Bank of England, London.
  • McKinnon, D.R.I. (1964), “Foreign Exchange Constraint in Economic Development and Efficient Aid Allocation”, Economic Journal, Vol. 74, pp. 388 – 409.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2007). Testing Convergence of Fiji’s Tourism Markets. Pacific Economic Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 651 – 663.
  • Nowak, J. J. and others, (2003), “Tourism, Trade and Domestic Welfare”, Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 245 – 258.
  • Oh, C. O. (2005), “The Contribution of Tourism Development to Economic Growth in the Korean Economy”, Tourism Management, Vol. 26, pp. 39 – 44.
  • Ongan, S. and Demiröz, D. M. (2005), “The Contribution of Tourism to the Long-Run Turkish Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics, Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 880 – 894.
  • Paci, R. and Marrocu, E. (2013), “Tourism and Regional Growth in Europe”, Papers in Regional Sciences, Vol. 93, pp. 25 – 50.
  • Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bound Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Long Run Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 289-326.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. and Perron, P. (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, Vol. 75, pp. 335 – 346.
  • Sandalcılar, A. R. (2012), “Türkiye’de Kağıt Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi”, C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 2 – 15.
  • Sevüktekin, M. and Çınar M. (2017), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi: Eviews Uygulamalı. 5. Baskı, Bursa: Dora Basım – Yayım.
  • Smith, E. J. M. (2001), “Is the Export – Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Developing Countries? A Case Study of Costa Rica”, United Nations Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities: Study Series No. 7. New York and Geneva.
  • Uysal, D., Erdoğan, S. ve Mucuk M. (2004), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki (1992 – 2003)”, SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar, Dergisi, No. 4, Vol. 8, pp. 163 – 170.
  • World Travel and Tourism Council, (2006), “Country Report: Fiji”, World Travel and Tourism Council, Report Available Online at http://www.wttc.org.
  • Yavuz, N. Ç. (2006), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma ve Nedensellik Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 162 – 171.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Economics
Authors

Mehmet Çınar

Barış Ülker

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Submission Date May 18, 2017
Acceptance Date March 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Çınar, M., & Ülker, B. (2018). Ekonomik Büyüme ile Turizm Geliri Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki: Türkiye ve KKTC Örneği. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 592-602. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.314716