Abstract
This study examines the
formation and effects of extreme cold weather waves affecting Central and
Eastern Europe during the first week of January, 2017. For this purpose, the
upper atmosphere is obtained from the MGM maps and mean temperatures, minimum temperatures,
total precipitation, pressure and wind data are used the stations in Turkey's
Thrace region. The upper level lows, it is called a trough which has
developed on the Balkans, has been deepened and has expanded its domain. The
trough is caused colder air transport into the Mediterranean by the southward
moving. U-shaped trough was caused a significant decreasing in air temperature
in Balkans, Greece, Bulgaria and western part of Turkey. Air flow is from
west to east in surface. This circulation changes direction from northwest to
southeast in upper atmospheric layers. In addition, anticyclonic movements of
the Siberian high pressure was caused the air temperatures in Balkans and
around. The movement of cyclone to carry the cold air to Balkans and West
Anatolia is started and observed in 6-11 January. Increasing northwestern flows
in the Marmara and Aegean regions caused lower windchill values. With strong
cold advection, the air temperatures and winchill values decreased the extreme
low values at the stations in Marmara and Aegean Regions. In addition, the
effects of snowfall and the reflections of the living cold air on people have
been examined using station data and news archives.
References
- Anagnostopoulou, C., Tolika, K., Lazoglou, G., Maheras, P. (2017). The Exceptionally Cold January of 2017 over the Balkan Peninsula: A Climatological and Synoptic Analysis, Atmosphere, 8(12), 252, doi:10.3390/atmos8120252.
- Beniston, M; Diaz, H.F. (2004). The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel Switzerland. Global and Planetary Change 44, 73-81.
- Black, E; Blackburn, M; Harrison, G; Hoskins, B; Methven, J. (2004). Factors contributing to the summer 2003 European heatwave, Weather, 59, 217-223.
- DMI, (2007). Hava Analiz ve Tahmin Tekniği, T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No: 2006-1, Ankara.
- Domonkos, P.; Kysely, J.; Riotrowicz, K.; Petrovic, P.; Likso, T. (2003). Variability of extreme temperature events in south-central Europe during the 20th century and its relationship with large scale circulation”, International Journal of Climatology, 23, 987-1010.
- Feudale, L.; Shukla, J. (2010). Influence of the sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer. Part I: an observational study, Climate Dynamics, DOI:10.1007/s00382-010-0788-0.
- Gönençgil, B., Acar Deniz, Z. (2016). Atmosfer Kökenli Afetler ve Ekstrem Hava Olayları, Çantay Kitapevi, İstanbul.
- Haylock, M.; Goodess, C. (2004). Interannual variability of European extreme winter rainfall and links with mean large-scale circulation. International Journal of Climatology, 24, 759-776.
- Keimig, F.T., Bradley, R. (2002). Recent changes in wind chill temperatures at high latitudes in North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 29, NO. 8, 1163, 10.1029/2001GL013228.
- Kostopoulou, E.; Jones, P.D. (2005). Assessment of climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 89, 69-85.
- Kuglitsch, F.G.; Toreti, A.; Xoplaki, E.; Della‐Marta, P.M.; Zerefos, C.S.; Türkeş, M.; Luterbacher, J. (2010). Heat wave changes in the eastern Mediterranean since 1960, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L04802, doi:10.1029/2009GL041841.
- Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.; Pereire, P.; Lopez-Bustins, J.A.; Lolis, C.J. (2011). Summer night-time temperature trends on the Iberian Peninsula and their connection with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, International Journal of Climatology, 2011, DOI:10.1002/ joc.2354.
- Shitzer, A., De Dear, R., 2006. Inconsistencies in the “New” Windchill Chart at Low Wind Speeds, journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45: 787-790.
- Tolika, K.; Pytharoulis, I.; Maheras, P. (2011). The anomalous high temperatures of November 2010 over Greece: meteorological and climatological aspects, Natural hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 2705-2714.
- Vautard, R.; Yiou, P.; D’Andrea, F.; De Noblet, N.; Viovy, N.; Cassou, C.; Polcher, J.; Ciais, P.; Kageyama, M.; Fan, Y. (2007). Summertime European heat and drought waves induced by wintertime Mediterranean rainfall deficit. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L07711, doi:10.1029/2006GL028001.
- WMO (2013). The global climate 2001-2010, a decade of climate extremes summary report. WMO-No:1119, ISBN 978-92-63-11119-7.
- Xoplaki, E.; Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F.; Luterbacher, J.; Wanner, H. (2003). Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs, Climate Dynamics, 20, 723-739.
Abstract
Siklonun soğuk hava
kütlesini özellikle Balkanlar ve Batı Anadolu’ya taşımasına sebep olan
hareketi, 06 Ocak-11 Ocak tarihleri arasında gelişmiş ve gözlemlenmiştir.
Marmara ve Ege Bölgelerinde artan kuzeybatılı akışlar üşüme sıcaklık
değerlerinin düşmesine neden olmuştur. Kuvvetli soğuk adveksiyon ile Marmara ve
Ege Bölgelerin’ndeki istasyonlarda hava sıcaklıkları ve üşüme sıcaklıkları
ekstrem düşük değerlere düşmüştür. Ayrıca, kar yağışının etkisi ve yaşanan
soğuk havanın insanlar üzerindeki yansımaları istasyon verilerinden ve haber
arşivlerinden faydalanılarak incelenmiştir. Yüzeyde, havanın akışı batıdan
doğuya doğrudur. Bu dolaşımın üst atmosferdeki akışı kuzeybatıdan güneydoğuya
doğru olarak değişir. Ayrıca, Sibirya yüksek basıncının antisiklonik
hareketleriyle Avrupa’nın içlerine doğru sokulan kutupsal soğuk (polar) hava
kütlesi Balkanlar ve çevresinde sıcaklıklarının düşmesine neden
olmuştur. Balkanlar üzerinde gelişen üst atmosfer alçağı olan oluk,
derinleşerek etki alanını genişletmiştir. Oluğun güneye doğru hareketiyle soğuk
hava Akdeniz’e doğru sokulmuştur. Yayvan şeklinde gelişen oluk Balkanlar,
Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Türkiye’nin batı yarısında sıcaklıkların önemli
derecede azalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma ile 2017 yılı ocak ayının
ilk haftasında Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’yı etkisi altına alan ekstrem soğuk hava
dalgasının oluşumu ve etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla MGM'den temin edilen
üst atmosfer haritaları ile Türkiye’nin Trakya yöresindeki istasyonların ortalama
sıcaklık, minimum sıcaklık, toplam yağış, basınç ve rüzgar verilerinden
yararlanılmıştır.
References
- Anagnostopoulou, C., Tolika, K., Lazoglou, G., Maheras, P. (2017). The Exceptionally Cold January of 2017 over the Balkan Peninsula: A Climatological and Synoptic Analysis, Atmosphere, 8(12), 252, doi:10.3390/atmos8120252.
- Beniston, M; Diaz, H.F. (2004). The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel Switzerland. Global and Planetary Change 44, 73-81.
- Black, E; Blackburn, M; Harrison, G; Hoskins, B; Methven, J. (2004). Factors contributing to the summer 2003 European heatwave, Weather, 59, 217-223.
- DMI, (2007). Hava Analiz ve Tahmin Tekniği, T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No: 2006-1, Ankara.
- Domonkos, P.; Kysely, J.; Riotrowicz, K.; Petrovic, P.; Likso, T. (2003). Variability of extreme temperature events in south-central Europe during the 20th century and its relationship with large scale circulation”, International Journal of Climatology, 23, 987-1010.
- Feudale, L.; Shukla, J. (2010). Influence of the sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer. Part I: an observational study, Climate Dynamics, DOI:10.1007/s00382-010-0788-0.
- Gönençgil, B., Acar Deniz, Z. (2016). Atmosfer Kökenli Afetler ve Ekstrem Hava Olayları, Çantay Kitapevi, İstanbul.
- Haylock, M.; Goodess, C. (2004). Interannual variability of European extreme winter rainfall and links with mean large-scale circulation. International Journal of Climatology, 24, 759-776.
- Keimig, F.T., Bradley, R. (2002). Recent changes in wind chill temperatures at high latitudes in North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 29, NO. 8, 1163, 10.1029/2001GL013228.
- Kostopoulou, E.; Jones, P.D. (2005). Assessment of climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 89, 69-85.
- Kuglitsch, F.G.; Toreti, A.; Xoplaki, E.; Della‐Marta, P.M.; Zerefos, C.S.; Türkeş, M.; Luterbacher, J. (2010). Heat wave changes in the eastern Mediterranean since 1960, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L04802, doi:10.1029/2009GL041841.
- Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.; Pereire, P.; Lopez-Bustins, J.A.; Lolis, C.J. (2011). Summer night-time temperature trends on the Iberian Peninsula and their connection with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, International Journal of Climatology, 2011, DOI:10.1002/ joc.2354.
- Shitzer, A., De Dear, R., 2006. Inconsistencies in the “New” Windchill Chart at Low Wind Speeds, journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45: 787-790.
- Tolika, K.; Pytharoulis, I.; Maheras, P. (2011). The anomalous high temperatures of November 2010 over Greece: meteorological and climatological aspects, Natural hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 2705-2714.
- Vautard, R.; Yiou, P.; D’Andrea, F.; De Noblet, N.; Viovy, N.; Cassou, C.; Polcher, J.; Ciais, P.; Kageyama, M.; Fan, Y. (2007). Summertime European heat and drought waves induced by wintertime Mediterranean rainfall deficit. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L07711, doi:10.1029/2006GL028001.
- WMO (2013). The global climate 2001-2010, a decade of climate extremes summary report. WMO-No:1119, ISBN 978-92-63-11119-7.
- Xoplaki, E.; Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F.; Luterbacher, J.; Wanner, H. (2003). Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs, Climate Dynamics, 20, 723-739.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Human Geography |
| Journal Section | Geography |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 11, 2018 |
| Submission Date | January 26, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | July 4, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 |