Koru Tümülüsü İskeletlerinin Osteobiyografilerinin Element Analizi ile İncelenmesi

Year 2018, , 740 - 760, 11.07.2018

Kameray Özdemir , Ali Akın Akyol , Kaan İren Yılmaz Selim Erdal

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.392011

Cited By: 4

Abstract

M.Ö.546-334 yılları arasında önemli
bir Satraplık merkezi olan Daskyleion’da (Bandırma, Balıkesir), 2010 yılında
gerçekleştirilen Koru Tümülüs’ü kazısından, üçü mezar odasının içerisinden,
diğeri mezar odasının ön kısmında (dromos) yer alan irice yassı bir taşın altından
dört bireye ait kemik kalıntıları ele geçmiştir. Ele geçen kemiklerin element
bileşimi, bireylerin içinde bulunduğu ölüm öncesi ve ölüm sonrası süreçleri
değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Polarize Enerji
Ayrımlı X-ışını Floresans (PED-XRF) yöntemiyle kemiğin kimyasal bütünlüğünü, bireylerin
diyetini ve gömü sonrası kemikteki element birikimlerini temsil eden Ca, P, Sr,
Ba, Mg, Cu, As, Fe, Y, Th, Cd, Zn, Mn, Pb ve uranyum uyluk kemiğinin inorganik
kısmından analiz edilmiştir.

Mezar odasında ele geçen bireyler
(BDK-K1, BDK-K2 ve BDK-K3) ile mezar odasının dışında ele geçen birey (BDK-K4)
arasında beslenme ve diagenetik birikim açısından farklılıklar gözlenmiştir.
Tahıl ve yüksek proteinli hayvansal gıdalarla beslenmenin göstergesi olan Ba/Ca
ve Zn/Ca oranları mezar odasında ele geçen grup için belirleyici olmuştur.
Bitki ve deniz kökenli besinlerin kullanımına işaret eden Sr/Ca oranı da aynı
grup için ayırt edicidir. Buna karşın, mezar odasının dışında ele geçen birey
için, iç organ gibi düşük proteinli hayvansal gıda tüketiminin göstergesi olan
Cu/Ca oranı karakteristiktir.

Gömü sonrası süreçler açısından
yapılan değerlendirmede öncelikle mezar odasında ele geçen üç bireyin bakır,
mezar odası dışında ele geçen bireyin ise demir tarafından gruplanan gömü
sonrası kimyasal değişimlere maruz kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Beslenme deki
farklılığa ek olarak, gömü sonrası kemiklerde meydana gelen kimyasal değişimler
farklı gömü koşullarına işaret etmiştir. Diagenetik değişimler, dromostaki
bireyin tafonomik süreçlerle yerinin değişmediğine, yani gömüldüğü ilk andan
itibaren bulunduğu konumu koruduğunu ortaya çıkarması, BDK-K4 numaralı bireyin
mezar odasındaki grubun üyesi olmadığı fikrini desteklemiştir. Kemiklerin
kimyasal analizlerinin ortaya çıkardığı farklılıklar, iskeletlerin gömü
konumları ve mezar odasında ele geçen değerli mezar hediyeleri beraber
değerlendirildiğinde BDK-K4 numaralı bireyin, başarıya ulaşamadan hayatını
kaybetmiş bir mezar soyguncusu olabileceği ihtimali akla gelmektedir.

Keywords

Pers Dönemi, mezar soyguncusu, diagenez, temel bileşenler analizi, XRF, SEM-EDX

Investigations of Osteobiography of the Koru Tumulus Skeletons by Elemental Analysis

Abstract

The bone element composition of four
individuals (three from the main grave chamber and one from the antechamber,
who was discovered under a large flat stone) recovered from the Koru Tumulus
(Daskyleion, Bandırma, Balıkesir), dated to the Persian period (546-334 BC),
was used to evaluate the pre-burial and post-burial processes exposed to the
individuals. For that, calcium, P, Sr, Ba, Mg, Cu, As, Fe, Y, Th, Cd, Zn, Mn,
Pb, and U, representing the integrity of the bone, diet and post-burial
accumulation, were analyzed from the inorganic part of the femur by Polarized
Energy Separated X-Ray Fluorescence (PED- XRF).

The variations concerning diet and
diagenetic accumulation of elements among the individuals were observed between
the individuals recovered from the grave chamber (BDK-K1, BDK-K2 and BDK-K3)
and from the outside of the grave chamber (BDK-K4). The Ba/Ca and Zn/Ca ratios,
indicating a diet comprised of grain and animal protein, are apparent for the inner
group. The Sr/Ca ratio, which indicates the consumption of plant and marine
nutrients, is also distinctive for the inner group. In contrast, the Cu/Ca
ratio, indicative of the consumption of animal parts with low protein content,
such as the viscera, is characteristic for the individual from outside the
grave chamber.

In addition to differences in the
dietary data, the outsider was also subjected to post mortem chemical changes
that were grouped by iron. However, the inner group had undergone diagenetic changes
that were grouped by copper. The postmortem changes indicate that the
individual from outside of the burial chamber, that dietary differences are
detected as well, was not a part of the inner group, and that the placement was
not due to taphonomic processes, thus preserving its position from the
beginning. When these data are evaluated together with the valuable burial
gifts, the likelihood that the individual was a grave robber who has lost his
life without success is more probable.

Keywords

XRF, Persian Period, tomb robbery Diagenesis, Principle Component Analysis

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