The Methodical Viability of Cultural Criminology in Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 805 - 823, 01.04.2019

Boran Ali Mercan

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.473871

Abstract

Much of crime studies in Turkey
tends to display an administrative criminological aspect due to the
overwhelming concern of having an effective deterrent punitive-security
apparatus, by way of socio-economic offender profiling. However, administrative
criminology reduces the phenomenon of crime to a mere rational calculation and
control techniques, distancing itself away from the understanding and
explaining of crime as a social phenomenon. This article brings cultural
criminology to the academic understanding of crime in Turkey. For more than two
decades in the Anglo-American criminological literature, cultural criminology
argues that crime is an upwardly and downwardly reconstituted and negotiated
phenomenon based on race, gender and class, by going beyond the argument of
crime as a mere social construction. This paper thus suggests the methodical
usefulness of cultural criminology's instant and liquid ethnographies in
Turkey. Cultural criminology stands available to grasp the cultural and
affective dimensions of crime.

Keywords

Crime, administrative criminology, cultural criminology, instant ethnography, liquid ethnography

Türkiye'de Kültürel Kriminolojinin Yöntemsel İmkanı

Abstract

Sosyo-ekonomik suçlu profilleme
dolayımıyla önleyici ve etkin bir ceza-güvenlik aygıtı oluşturma kaygısı güden
Türkiye suç çalışmaları idari bir kriminoloji (administrative criminology)
görünümü sergilemektedir. Suç fenomeninin oluşum koşullarını anlama ve açıklama
gayretini epey mesafeleyen idari kriminoloji, suç olgusunu istatistiksel
hesaplamaya ve rasyonel bir bakış açısıyla ceza ve denetim tekniklerine
indirgemektedir. Bu yazı, Türkiye'de suçun akademik bağlamda sosyal kavranışına
kültürel bir perspektif getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Anglo-Amerikan literatürde
kültürel kriminoloji (cultural criminology) yirmi yılı aşkın süredir telaffuz
edilmekte; suçun sosyal bir inşa olduğu kavrayışının ötesine geçerek etnik,
sınıfsal, ırksal ve cinsiyete dayalı yukarıdan aşağı ve aşağıdan yukarı sürekli
müzakere edilen ve yeniden-kurulan bir görüngü olduğunu savlamaktadır. Bu
bağlamda, Türkiye'de kültürel kriminolojinin anlık ve akışkan etnografi gibi
iki aracının yöntemsel kullanışlılığı ileri sürülecektir. Türkiye'de suçun
kültürel ve duygulanımsal tüm boyutlarını yakalamak adına kültürel kriminoloji
önemli bir imkan olarak karşımızda durmaktadır.

Keywords

Suç, idari kriminoloji, kültürel kriminoloji, anlık etnografi, akışkan etnografi

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