Jane Eyre, Uğultulu Tepeler ve Büyük Umutlar’da Siyasal Bilinçdışı

Year 2019, Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 1242 - 1254, 18.10.2019

Hale Küçük

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.545533

Abstract

Bu çalışma
Marksist ve kolonyal dönem sonrası teorileri birleştirerek üç Viktoryen romanı,
Charlotte Brontë’nin Jane Eyre
(1847), Emily Brontë’nin Uğultulu Tepeler
(1847) ve Charles Dickens’ın Büyük
Umutlar’ını (1861) incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Viktoryen dönemde yazılmış
bazı romanlar emperyalizm ve sömürüleni açık bir şekilde ele alsa da bu üç
romanda sömürgeler ve sömürülen direk olarak ele alınmaz ve sanki geçiştirilir.
Ancak bu geçiştirmeler çok önemlidir çünkü bunlar, bu metinlerde kritik bir
anlam taşıyan ve sürekli olarak tekrarlayan suskunlukları, boşlukları ve
eksikleri teşkil etmektedirler. Marksist bağlamda, bu metinlerin boşluk ve
suskunluklarında beliren şey tarihtir, yani bu Viktoryen romanlar ister istemez
Britanya’nın emperyalist tarihiyle ve onun ideolojileriyle ilintilidir. Bu
metinlerin marjinlerinde veya boşluklarında sürekli olarak ele alınan konular,
metinler bunu bastırmaya çalışsa da kolonyal bastırılanın geri dönüşünü
göstermektedir. Fredric Jameson’un siyasal bilinçdışı kavramına odaklanarak bu
metinlerdeki boşluk ve suskunluklarda ortaya çıkan kolonyal bastırılanı
inceleyen bu çalışma, bahsedilen romanların ikili bir işlevi olduğunu öne
sürmektedir: bir yandan Viktoryen toplumun yerleşmiş kaygı, korku ve arzularını
beyaz olmayan öteki üstünden anlatırken bu eserler belirli bir sömürülen öteki
ve aynı zamanda belirli bir millî kimlik algısı oluşturmaktadırlar.

Keywords

Siyasal Bilinçdışı, Sömürgecilik, Emperyalizm, Jane Eyre, Uğultulu Tepeler, Büyük Umutlar

The Political Unconscious in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Great Expectations

Abstract

This paper aims to explore three Victorian novels,
namely Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre
(1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights
(1847), and Charles Dickens’s Great
Expectations (1861) bringing together Marxist and postcolonial theories.
While some novels written in the Victorian era deal with imperialism and the
colonized overtly, in these three novels, the colonies and the colonized are
dealt with indirectly as if only in-passing. However, these in-passing
references are very significant because they constitute the recurrent silences,
gaps, and absences in these texts, which has critical implications. In Marxist
terms, it is history that haunts these texts in these gaps and silences, which
means that these Victorian novels are inevitably related to Britain’s imperial
history and its ideologies. What is given repeatedly at the margins or gaps of
these texts demonstrates the obsessive return of the issue of colonialism
though the texts seek to repress it. Exploring the return of the colonial
repressed in the gaps and silences of these novels by focusing on Fredric
Jameson’s conception of the political unconscious, this paper argues that these
novels have twofold function: while expressing the deep-seated anxieties, fears
and desires of the Victorian society by projecting them onto the non-white
others, they contribute to shape a certain understanding of the colonized other
and also a certain sense of national identity.

Keywords

The political unconscious, colonialism, imperialism, Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, Great Expectations

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