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“Çok Fazla Gerçeği Taşıyalım:” T. S. Eliot’ın ‘Burnt Norton’ Şiirindeki Yabancı

Year 2019, Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue, 122 - 129, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599542

Abstract

T.S. Eliot’ın Dört Kuartet (1942) eserinin ilk bölümü
olan “Burnt Norton” (1935), özellikle hayat, zaman, ölüm veya sonsuzluk gibi
temel kavramlara odaklanarak, şairin modern çağdaki insan hâlinin karmaşıklığına
yönelik sorgulayıcı yaklaşımını yansıtır. Bu gibi kavramları varoluşsalcı bir
incelemeye tâbi tutan Eliot, Kuartet’ı
 müzikal bir kompozisyon analojisi olarak
tasarlar. Ton ve şiirsel formundaki çeşitlilik ile yaşam, zaman, sonsuzluk veya
hafıza gibi konulara olan ritmik takıntısıyla “Burnt Norton,” bu kompozisyonun
ilk parçası olarak, Eliot’ın tüm eserde görülen şiirsel müzikalitesinin ilk
notalarını oluşturur. Bu makalenin amacı, şiirin konuşan kişisini varoluşsal
felsefenin bir arketipi olan Yabancı olarak kabul edip, şiirde dile getirilen
söz konusu modernist arayışları incelemektir. İngiliz filozof/yazar Colin
Wilson, özellikle Yabancı figürünün temel özelliklerini belirleyerek kıtasal
varoluşsal felsefesinin gelişimine katkıda bulunur. Bu makalede, Wilson’ın analitik
eseri Yabancı (1956) şiirin konuşan
kişisini bir Yabancı olarak karakterize etmek için kuramsal bir çerçeve
oluşturur. Öncelikle “Burnt Norton” şiirinde görüldüğü üzere, Kuartet’ın konuşan kişisinin gerçeği keşfetmek
ya da bunun olasılığını reddetmek gibi benzer temel varoluşsal sancıları
vardır. Dizelerde bir insanın gerçeği anlamak için herhangi bir anlamlı çabası
olmaksızın o gerçeğe ne kadar “katlanacağını” sorgular ve okuyucuya birer
Yabancı olarak modern yaşamdaki yerlerini reddettiren kendi eksik cevaplarını
bulmak için çağrıda bulunur.  

References

  • Ackroyd, P. (1993). T.S. Eliot. London: Penguin.
  • Drew, E. (1950). T.S. Eliot: the design of his poetry. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
  • Dwivedi, A. N. (2002). T.S. Eliot: A critical survey. New Delhi: Atlantic.
  • Eliot, T. S. (2002). Collected poems:1909-1962. London and Boston: Faber&Faber.
  • Gardner, H. (1958). “The ‘aged eagle’ spreads his wings.” Sunday Times, 8.
  • Hart, K. (2007). Varieties of poetic sequence: Ted Hughes and Geoffrey Hill. In Neil Corcoran (Ed), The Cambridge companion to twentieth-century English poetry, 187- 199, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hauck, C. (2009). Not one, not two: Eliot and Buddhism. In David E. Chinitz (Ed), A companion to T.S. Eliot, 40-54. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Knox, George A. (1951). Quest for the word in Eliot’s Four Quartets. ELH, 18.4, 310-321.
  • Moran, P. (2007). Virginia Woolf, Jean Rhys, and the aesthetics of trauma. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Perkins, D. (1987). A history of modern poetry: modernism and after. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sarıkaya-Şen, M. (2018). Correlations between Western Trauma Poetics and Sierra Leonean Ways of Healing: Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love. DTCF Journal 58.1, 1045-1057.
  • Sarker, S. K. (2008). T.S. Eliot: poetry, plays, and prose. New Delhi: Atlantic.
  • Schneider, E. W. (1975). T. S. Eliot: the pattern in the carpet. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Smith, G. (1996). T.S. Eliot and the use of memory. London: Bucknell University Press.
  • Spanos, W. V. (2009). Hermeneutics and memory: destroying T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets. In David E. Chinitz (Ed), A companion to T.S. Eliot, 230-272, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Srivastava, N. (1977). The ideas of the Bhagavad Gita in Four Quartets. Comparative Literature, 29.2, 97-108.
  • Williamson, G. (1998). A reader’s guide to T.S. Eliot: A poem-by-poem analysis. New York: First Syracuse University Press.
  • Wilson, C. (1982). The outsider. New York: Tarcher.

Let us “Bear Very Much Reality:” T. S. Eliot’s Outsider in “Burnt Norton”

Year 2019, Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue, 122 - 129, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599542

Abstract

“Burnt Norton” (1935),
the first section of T. S. Eliot’s Four
Quartets
(1942), mirrors the poet’s inquisitive approach towards the
complexity of human condition at modern age, particularly focusing on the
central concepts of life, time, death, or eternity. Engaged in an
existentialist exploration of such notions, Eliot designs the Quartets as an analogical musical
composition. “Burnt Norton,” as the leading movement of the whole piece,
becomes the first notes in Eliot’s poetic musicality in his entire work, with
its variance in tone and poetic form and a rhythmical obsession with
certain themes such as life, time, infinity, or memory. This paper aims to
analyze such modernist pursuits voiced in the poem by treating its persona as a
“Stranger,” or an archetypal errant of existentialist philosophy. As an English
philosopher/author, Colin Wilson contributes to the development of the
continental philosophy of existentialism, specifically identifying major
characteristics of the Outsider figure. Wilson’s analytical account, The Outsider (1956) serves as a
theoretical frame to characterize the speaker of the poem as an Outsider in
this paper. It argues that the speaker of the Quartets, as primarily reflected in “Burnt Norton,” presents
similar central existentialist crises of simultaneously searching for the ways
to explore reality or denying its possibility. 
He questions how much reality a human being “bears” without any
meaningful attempt to understand it, and invites the reader to recognize their
own unfit answers that deny their position as Outsiders in modern life. 

References

  • Ackroyd, P. (1993). T.S. Eliot. London: Penguin.
  • Drew, E. (1950). T.S. Eliot: the design of his poetry. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
  • Dwivedi, A. N. (2002). T.S. Eliot: A critical survey. New Delhi: Atlantic.
  • Eliot, T. S. (2002). Collected poems:1909-1962. London and Boston: Faber&Faber.
  • Gardner, H. (1958). “The ‘aged eagle’ spreads his wings.” Sunday Times, 8.
  • Hart, K. (2007). Varieties of poetic sequence: Ted Hughes and Geoffrey Hill. In Neil Corcoran (Ed), The Cambridge companion to twentieth-century English poetry, 187- 199, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hauck, C. (2009). Not one, not two: Eliot and Buddhism. In David E. Chinitz (Ed), A companion to T.S. Eliot, 40-54. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Knox, George A. (1951). Quest for the word in Eliot’s Four Quartets. ELH, 18.4, 310-321.
  • Moran, P. (2007). Virginia Woolf, Jean Rhys, and the aesthetics of trauma. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Perkins, D. (1987). A history of modern poetry: modernism and after. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Sarıkaya-Şen, M. (2018). Correlations between Western Trauma Poetics and Sierra Leonean Ways of Healing: Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love. DTCF Journal 58.1, 1045-1057.
  • Sarker, S. K. (2008). T.S. Eliot: poetry, plays, and prose. New Delhi: Atlantic.
  • Schneider, E. W. (1975). T. S. Eliot: the pattern in the carpet. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Smith, G. (1996). T.S. Eliot and the use of memory. London: Bucknell University Press.
  • Spanos, W. V. (2009). Hermeneutics and memory: destroying T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets. In David E. Chinitz (Ed), A companion to T.S. Eliot, 230-272, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Srivastava, N. (1977). The ideas of the Bhagavad Gita in Four Quartets. Comparative Literature, 29.2, 97-108.
  • Williamson, G. (1998). A reader’s guide to T.S. Eliot: A poem-by-poem analysis. New York: First Syracuse University Press.
  • Wilson, C. (1982). The outsider. New York: Tarcher.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section English Language and Literature
Authors

Gülşah Göçmen 0000-0003-2967-4976

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date July 31, 2019
Acceptance Date November 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue

Cite

APA Göçmen, G. (2019). Let us “Bear Very Much Reality:” T. S. Eliot’s Outsider in “Burnt Norton”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18, 122-129. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.599542