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Hari Kunzru’nun Gölgenin Gölgesi Adlı Eseri ve Taklitçi Oluşum Romanı

Year 2019, Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue, 159 - 167, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.600586

Abstract

Tobias Boes’a göre, çok tartışılan Bildungsroman, “hem
yazarların hem de eleştirmenlerin çevrelerindeki dünyayı anlayabileceği bir
model olarak benzersiz bir başarı” olduğunu kanıtlamıştır (p. 242). Hümanist
öznenin değişen algısında, Bildung (çağdaş oluşum, gelişme) kelimesinin çağdaş
İngiliz kurgusu ile ikircikli bir ilişkisi vardır. Günümüz edebi anlatılarının
temsil etme kapasaiteleri üzerinde duran Mark Stein, bu romanların “ikili bir
işleve sahip olduğunu: kahramanının oluşumu, ayrıca İngiliz toplumunun
(İngilizliğin) ve kültürel kurumların dönüşümüyle” ilgili olduğunu öne sürüyor
(p. 22). Bu gözlemlerden yola çıkarak, bu çalışmada Hari Kunzru’nun Gölgenin Gölgesi adlı eserinin, istikrarlı
ve toplumla bütünleştirici bir son noktaya ulaşması ve örnek vatandaş olması
beklenen kahramanın klasik Bildungsroman'ı geleneksel özelliklerini bozması
yoluyla onu hem taklit eden hem de 
sorunsallaştıran bir roman olduğu savunulmaktadır. 2002’de The Betty
Trask Ödülü'nü kazanan Hari Kunzru’nun ilk romanı Gölgenin Gölgesi, farklı coğrafyalarda geçen çok katmanlı bir
anlatıdır. Murat Aydemir'in (2006) belirttiği gibi “anlatı, kültürlerarası ya
da kültürlerarası kimliğin farklı kavramsallaştırmalarını tekrar tekrar denemektedir”
(s. 205). Aynı zamanda, “imparatorluğun” sömürücü rejimi, kendisini yeni “dünya
vatandaşı” bağlantısının ve ayrıştırmanın eşzamanlı mevcudiyetinde ortaya
koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada performatifliğin roman boyunca nasıl yankılandığına odaklanılmakta,
Bildungsroman’ı taklit ederek gerçekleştirme yolları ve yeni ait olma biçimleri
sunduğu ortaya konmaktadır.

References

  • Ahmed, S. (2007). A phenomenology of whiteness. Feminist Theory, 8 (2), 149–168.
  • Aldama F.L. (2005). Hari Kunzru in conversation. Wasafiri 20 (45), 11–14.
  • Aydemir, M. (2006). Impressions of character: Hari Kunzru’s the impressionist. In: Boer, I (Ed), Uncertain Territories: Boundaries in Cultural Analysis, 199–217 Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Bal, M. (2003). Meanwhile: literature in an expanded field. Thamyris/Intersecting 11: 183–97.
  • Bhabha. H. K. (1984). Of mimicry and man: the ambivalence of colonial discourse. October 28, 125–33.
  • Boes, T. (2006). Modernist studies and the Bildungsroman: a historical survey of critical trends”. Literature Compass 3(2), 230–243
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
  • Childs P. & Green, J. (2013). Aesthetics and ethics in twenty-first century British novels: Zadie Smith, Nadeem Aslam, Hari Kunzru and David Mitchell. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Derrida, J. (1982). Signature event context, Margins of philosophy. (A. Bass, Trans.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dirlik, A. (2000). Formations of globality and radical politics. Postmodernity’s histories: the past as legacy and project. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
  • Garber, M. (1992). Vested interests cross-dressing and cultural Anxiety. New York: Routledge.
  • Gasiorek, A. (2012). A renewed sense of difficulty: E.M. Forster, Iris Murdoch and Zadie Smith on ethics and form (D. James Ed.), The legacies of modernism. (170-186). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Hunt, L. (2008). Measuring time, making history. S.L: Central European University Press.
  • Kaya, I. (2004). Modernity, openness, interpretation: a perspective on multiple modernities. Social Science Information 43(1), 35-57.
  • Kunzru, H. (2002). The impressionist. New York: Dutton.
  • Landry, D.E., & MacLean, G. (1996). The Spivak Reader. New York:Routledge.
  • Moretti, F. (2000). Conjectures on world literature, New Left Review 1, 54–66.
  • Nicol, B. (2004). Iris Murdoch: the retrospective fiction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Pieterse J. N., & SAGE. (2010). Development theory: Deconstructions/reconstructions. London: SAGE.
  • Radhakrishnan, R. (2013). Why compare?. R Felski and S.S. Friedman (Eds.), Comparison: theories, approaches uses. (15-34) Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Stein, M. (2004). Black British literature: novels of transformation. U.S.A.: Ohio State University Press.
  • Tüzün, H. Ö. (2016). Becoming Evelina: the quest for selfhood and identity in Francis Burney’s Evelina. (G. Bakay and M. Mudure (Eds.), Trading women, traded women: a historical scrutiny of gendered trading. (341-353). Frankfurt Am Main: Peter Lang.

Hari Kunzru’s The Impressionist and the Mimic Bildungsroman

Year 2019, Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue, 159 - 167, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.600586

Abstract

According to Tobias Boes the
much-debated
Bildungsroman has proven
to be an “unparalleled success as a model by which writers and critics alike
can understand the world around them” (p. 242). In the changing perception of
the humanistic subject, the word Bildung (formation, development) has a
precarious relationship with contemporary British fiction. Commenting on
the representational possibilities
of contemporary literary narratives,
Mark Stein proposes that they “have a dual function: they
are about the formation of the protagonist as well as the transformation of
British society (Britishness) and cultural institutions” (p. 22). Drawing on
these observations I argue in this study that Hari Kunzru’s
The Impressionist is one such novel that
mimics the classical Bildungsroman and problematizes it through its subversion
of the traditional characteristics of the hero who is supposed to reach a stable
and integrative end point in society and become the model citizen.
Hari Kunzru’s The Betty Trask Award 2002 winning novel, The Impressionist is a multifaceted
narrative that ranges across a multitude of geographical settings. Murat
Aydemir (2006) contends, “The narrative tries out, tries on, different
conceptualizations of inter- or cross-cultural identity” (p. 205). At the same
time, the exploitative regime of “empire” manifests itself in the
synchronized presence of connection
and the segregation of the new “citizen of the world”.
By focusing on how performativity resonates throughout the novel,
I discuss the ways in which the novel mimics and performs the Bildungsroman, and
offers new modes of belonging. 

References

  • Ahmed, S. (2007). A phenomenology of whiteness. Feminist Theory, 8 (2), 149–168.
  • Aldama F.L. (2005). Hari Kunzru in conversation. Wasafiri 20 (45), 11–14.
  • Aydemir, M. (2006). Impressions of character: Hari Kunzru’s the impressionist. In: Boer, I (Ed), Uncertain Territories: Boundaries in Cultural Analysis, 199–217 Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Bal, M. (2003). Meanwhile: literature in an expanded field. Thamyris/Intersecting 11: 183–97.
  • Bhabha. H. K. (1984). Of mimicry and man: the ambivalence of colonial discourse. October 28, 125–33.
  • Boes, T. (2006). Modernist studies and the Bildungsroman: a historical survey of critical trends”. Literature Compass 3(2), 230–243
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
  • Childs P. & Green, J. (2013). Aesthetics and ethics in twenty-first century British novels: Zadie Smith, Nadeem Aslam, Hari Kunzru and David Mitchell. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Derrida, J. (1982). Signature event context, Margins of philosophy. (A. Bass, Trans.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dirlik, A. (2000). Formations of globality and radical politics. Postmodernity’s histories: the past as legacy and project. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
  • Garber, M. (1992). Vested interests cross-dressing and cultural Anxiety. New York: Routledge.
  • Gasiorek, A. (2012). A renewed sense of difficulty: E.M. Forster, Iris Murdoch and Zadie Smith on ethics and form (D. James Ed.), The legacies of modernism. (170-186). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Hunt, L. (2008). Measuring time, making history. S.L: Central European University Press.
  • Kaya, I. (2004). Modernity, openness, interpretation: a perspective on multiple modernities. Social Science Information 43(1), 35-57.
  • Kunzru, H. (2002). The impressionist. New York: Dutton.
  • Landry, D.E., & MacLean, G. (1996). The Spivak Reader. New York:Routledge.
  • Moretti, F. (2000). Conjectures on world literature, New Left Review 1, 54–66.
  • Nicol, B. (2004). Iris Murdoch: the retrospective fiction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Pieterse J. N., & SAGE. (2010). Development theory: Deconstructions/reconstructions. London: SAGE.
  • Radhakrishnan, R. (2013). Why compare?. R Felski and S.S. Friedman (Eds.), Comparison: theories, approaches uses. (15-34) Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Stein, M. (2004). Black British literature: novels of transformation. U.S.A.: Ohio State University Press.
  • Tüzün, H. Ö. (2016). Becoming Evelina: the quest for selfhood and identity in Francis Burney’s Evelina. (G. Bakay and M. Mudure (Eds.), Trading women, traded women: a historical scrutiny of gendered trading. (341-353). Frankfurt Am Main: Peter Lang.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section English Language and Literature
Authors

Simla Ayşe Doğangün 0000-0003-3007-3465

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date August 2, 2019
Acceptance Date November 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Vol 18 IDEA Special Issue

Cite

APA Doğangün, S. A. (2019). Hari Kunzru’s The Impressionist and the Mimic Bildungsroman. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.600586