Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevreye Etkilerinin Farklı Gelişmişlik Düzeyindeki Ülkeler İçin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 238 - 255, 27.01.2020

İlyas Okumuş , Cuma Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.593962

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, farklı gelişmişlik düzeyindeki ülke grupları için 1980-2013
yıllarını kapsayan dönemde enerji tüketimi, kişi başı reel gayri safi yurt içi
hâsıla (GSYH), kişi başı reel GSYH’nin karesi, kentleşme, ticari serbestleşme ve
CO₂ emisyonu ilişkisi analiz edilerek, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE)
hipotezi bağlamında farklı gelişmişlik düzeyindeki ülke gruplarında ekonomik
büyüme ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca 2005
yılında yürürlüğe giren Kyoto protokolünün CO₂ emisyonu üzerindeki
etkisinin incelenmesi için, 2005 yılı için enerji tüketiminde kukla değişken
kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yüksek orta gelirli ve düşük orta
gelirli ülke gruplarında ÇKE hipotezi geçerliliği doğrulanırken, gelişmiş ve az
gelişmiş ülke gruplarında ÇKE hipotezinin geçerliliği doğrulanamamıştır. Tüm
ülke gruplarında enerji tüketiminin katsayısı pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak
anlamlıdır. Ticari serbestleşmedeki bir artış az gelişmiş ve düşük orta gelirli
ülke gruplarında karbon dioksit emisyonunu artırırken, yüksek orta gelirli ülke
grubunda karbon dioksit emisyonunu azaltmaktadır. Gelişmiş ve az gelişmiş ülke
gruplarında kentleşmedeki bir artış CO₂ emisyonunu azaltırken,
yüksek orta gelir ve düşük orta gelir grubunda ise CO₂ emisyonunu artırmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülke
grubunda Kyoto kukla değişkeninin katsayısı negatif işaretli, düşük orta gelir
ülke grubunda pozitif işaretli ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır.

Keywords

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, Ekonomik büyüme, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi, Panel veri analizi

The Effects of Economic Growth on Environment for Different Income Group Countries

Abstract

This study, which aims at investigating economic
growth and environmental pollution nexus for groups of countries with different
development levels in the context of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)
hypothesis, is to analyze the relationship between energy consumption, real
gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the square of real GDP per capita,
urbanization, trade liberalization and CO₂ emissions for the period
of 1980-2013 for groups of countries with different development levels. In
addition, in order to examine the impact of the Kyoto Protocol which came into
force in 2005 on carbon emissions, a dummy variable was used for energy consumption
in 2005.  According to the findings, the existence
of EKC hypothesis is validated for lower middle income and upper middle income
country groups, while the existence of the hypothesis is not validated for low
income and high income country groups. In all country groups, the coefficient of energy
consumption is positive and statistically significant. An increase in trade
liberalization increases carbon dioxide emission levels in lower middle income and
low income country groups, whereas an increase in trade liberalization in upper
middle income country group reduces the emission level. An increase in
urbanization in developed and underdeveloped countries reduces CO₂
emissions while increasing CO2 emissions in the upper middle income and lower
middle income groups. In the high income country group, the coefficient of the
Kyoto dummy variable is negative and statistically significant; it has positive
sign in lower middle income country group and statistically significant.

Keywords

Sustainable development, Economic growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Panel data analysis

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