Meta-Problem: Bilim ve Teknoloji Çalışmaları İçerisinde Bilim Tarihi Disiplininin Teorik ve Kurumsal Yeri

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 867 - 884, 01.07.2020

Ömer Faik Anlı

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.706635

Abstract

Bilim tarihi disiplini, ilk doktora derecesinden bu yana geçen yetmiş sekiz yılda bilime ve bilimsel ilerlemeye dair belli başlı soruları odağına taşımış olsa da özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren disiplinin bilimle birlikte kendisini de nesne olarak tanımlama ve konumlandırma gerekliliği ile yüzleşmektedir. Bu çalışma Batı’da ve Türkiye’de akademik olarak kurumsallaşmış bilim tarihi disiplininin meta-düzeydeki refleksif problemlerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda üç boyutlu bir problem ağı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Her üç boyutu da ortaklaştıran somut durum çeşitlenmedir. Bilim tarihi disiplini kuruluşunda ön görülen netliği git gide kaybetmekte, ‘bilim tarihi’ adı bilimin geçmişini konu edinen bir dizi araştırma programının taşıdığı akraba benzerliğinin adı durumuna gelmektedir. Bunun nedenlerine dair gerek meta-teorik tartışmaların yürütülebileceği bir hat açmak gerekse de bu hat üzerinde empirik alan araştırmalarına teorik zemin hazırlayabilmek için problem tespiti üç boyutlu olarak yapılandırılmıştır: (1) Bilim Tarihi – Akademik Felsefe ilişkisi, (2) Bilim Tarihi – Epistemoloji İlişkisi ve (3) Bilim Tarihi – Bilim Teorisi (Felsefesi) İlişkisi. Sonuçta bu hat üzerinden yapılandırılan merkezi soru şudur: Bilim tarihi, gerek genel bilim eğitimi ve akademi mecrasında gerekse de BTÇ / STS içerisinde ‘bilim’e ilişkin diğer araştırma programlarının veya disiplinlerinin sağlayamayacağı, fakat onlarla entegre olabilecek nasıl bir içerik veya kavrayış üretebilir?

Keywords

Bilim Tarihi, Bilim Felsefesi, Epistemoloji, Bilim ve Teknoloji Çalışmaları

Meta-Problem: Theoretical and Institutional Place of the History of Science Discipline in Science and Technology Studies

Abstract

Although the history of science discipline has brought the main questions about science and scientific progress to its focus in the seventy-eight years since the first doctorate degree, it faces the necessity of defining and positioning itself as an object in the second half of the 20th century. In this study, reflexive meta-level problems in the history of science as an academic discipline institutionalized in the West and Turkey aimed to identify. In this context, a three-dimensional problem network has been revealed. The concrete situation that unites all three dimensions is diversification. The history of science discipline gradually loses the clarity foreseen in its establishment, and the name 'history of science' becomes the name of the family resemblance of a series of research programs that deal with the past of science. The establishment of the problem is structured in three dimensions in order to open a guideline where meta-theoretical discussions can be conducted and also to prepare a theoretical ground for empirical field research on this line: (1) History of Science - Academic Philosophy relationship, (2) History of Science - Epistemology relationship and (3) History of Science - Science Theory (Philosophy of Science) relationship. Consequently, the central question that is structured on this line is the following: What kind of content or insight can the history of science produce in general science education and academia, and within the HPS / STS that other research programs or disciplines related to 'science' cannot provide?

Keywords

History of Science, Philosophy of Science, Epistemology, Science and Technology Studies

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