ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Kuzey Kore ile İlişkileri Bağlamında Asya-Pasifik Dengeleme Stratejisi

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 1626 - 1648, 30.10.2020

Eyüp Akpınar

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.754055

Cited By: 1

Abstract

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ortaya çıkan iki kutuplu dünya düzeni uluslararası sistemi şekillendirmiştir. Uluslararası sistemdeki bu değişim Asya-Pasifik bölgesini de etkilemiştir. Uluslararası sistemde yer alan güç ve tehdit dengesinin bir benzeri bölgesel düzeyde Asya-Pasifik’te de yaşanmıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Asya-Pasifik bölgesindeki ulus devletler ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği arasındaki güç mücadelesinin ve dengeleme stratejisinin aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu dönemde Kore ve Vietnam'da yaşanan savaşlar, Sovyetler Birliği ile Çin arasında yaşanan uyuşmazlıklar ve bölge ülkelerinin birbiriyle olan sorunları ABD’nin bölgedeki varlığını meşrulaştırıcı etki yaratarak müttefiklik ilişkisi kurulmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Müttefiklik ilişkisi bölgedeki denge politikalarında başvurulan en önemli enstrüman olmuştur. Devletlerin güç, kapasite, coğrafi konumu, birbirleri hakkındaki niyet ve algılamaları denge stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde en önemli parametredir. Bu parametreler ışığında Soğuk Savaş döneminde Asya-Pasifik bölgesi kendine has bir sistemik dengeyi inşa etmiştir. Bu çalışma Asya-Pasifik dengeleme stratejisini ABD’nin Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Kuzey Kore ile ikili ilişkileri bağlamında inceleyerek ortaya çıkartmayı hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Asya-Pasifik, Dengeleme Stratejisi, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore, Kuzey Kore, Soğuk Savaş Dönemi

Asia-Pacific Balancing Strategy in the Context of U.S. Relations with China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea in the Cold War Period

Abstract

The bipolar world order that emerged after the Second World War has shaped the international system. This change in the international system has also affected the Asia-Pacific region. A similar balance of power and threat in the international system has also experienced at the regional level in Asia-Pacific. During the Cold War, nation states in the Asia-Pacific region became the instrument of the power struggle and balancing strategy between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The wars lived in Korea and Vietnam and also disputes took place between USSR and China, and states of the region problems with each other paved the way for establishing an alliance relationship by legitimizing the U.S. presence in the region. The Alliance relationship has been the most important instrument used in balance policies in the region. States' power, capacity, geographical positions, intentions and perceptions about each other are the most important parameters in determining balance strategies. In the light of these parameters, Asia-Pacific region built a unique systemic balance during the Cold War. This study aims to reveal Asia-Pacific balancing strategy in the context of U.S. bilateral relations with China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea.

Keywords

Asia-Pacific, Balancing Strategy, United States of America (USA), China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Cold War Era

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