Bir Ülke Neden Başka Bir Ülkeye Yardım Eder? Kalkınma Yardımlarının Ortaya Çıkışı, Gelişimi ve Donörlerin Motivasyonları

Year 2022, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 2305 - 2320, 19.10.2022

Esat İpek

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1085060

Abstract

Donör konumunda olup, kalkınma yardımı sunan ülkeler; benimsedikleri kalkınma anlayışlarının yanı sıra, muhatap oldukları faydalanıcı ülkeye göre, içinde bulundukları küresel konjonktüre ve tercih ettikleri yöntemlere göre farklı yönelimlere sahip olabilmektedirler. Bahse konu faktörler ve daha birçok başka etken donör ülkelerin yardım sunma motivasyonlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu noktada; ulusal stratejik önceliklerine göre hareket eden donörler, küresel ekonomik düzende sahip oldukları konuma göre pozisyon alan donörler, muhatap oldukları faydalanıcı ülkeye göre farklılık arz eden tutumlar sergileyen donörler ve kalkınma yardımlarını uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında değerlendiren donörlerin her biri farklı farklı motivasyonlara sahiptirler. Kalkınma yardımları kavramı bu çalışmada öncelikle kavramsal olarak ele alınmış ve üzerine inşa edildiği teorik temeller açıklanmıştır. Sonrasında da tarihsel olarak yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın asıl odağını oluşturan donör ülkelerin yardım sunma motivasyonları ise kendi arasında ortak karakteristik özelliklere sahip olan ülkelerin kategorize edilmiş hali üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye için özel olarak bir başlık açılmış ve Türkiye’nin kalkınma yardımı geçmişine de yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu alanın en önemli aktörleri arasında yer alan uluslararası kuruluşların yardım sunumu noktasında oynadıkları rol de ayrı bir başlık altında ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Kalkınma yardımları, Geleneksel donörler, Yükselen donörler, Yardım sunma motivasyonları

Why Does a Country Assist Another?The Origins and Evolution of Development Assistance, as well as Donor Motivations

Abstract

In addition to the development approaches they adopt, countries that are in the position of donor and provide development assistance may have different orientations according to the beneficiary country they are dealing with, the global conjuncture they are in, and the methods they prefer. These factors and many other factors constitute the motivation of donor countries to offer assistance. Herein, donors acting according to their national strategic priorities, donors taking positions according to their position in the global economic order, donors which display different attitudes according to the beneficiary country they deal with, and donors which evaluate development assistance in the context of international relations have different motivations. In the study, primarily, the concept of development assistance was conceptually discussed, and the theoretical foundations on which it is built were explained. Afterward, historical changes and transformations were discussed. The donor countries' motivation to offer assistance, which is the main focus of the study, was examined through the categorization of countries that have common characteristics among themselves. In this context, a heading was specifically opened for Turkey, and Turkey's history of development assistance was included as well. Moreover, the role played by international organizations, which are among the most important actors in this field, in the provision of assistance was also discussed under a separate heading.

Keywords

Development assistance, Traditional donors, Emerging donors, Motivation to provide assistance

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