Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey

Elnaz Taghızadeh Alamdarı; Bengü Sevil Oflaç; Aysu Göçer

doi:10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738

Research Article

Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 31.05.2022

Elnaz Taghızadeh Alamdarı , Bengü Sevil Oflaç , Aysu Göçer

https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738

Abstract

Horses are transported more frequently than any other animals (European Commission, 2002), but lack of education and knowledge in and control over their transportation leads to consequences harmful for the development and expansion of the industry. This study investigates the risks of horse transportation and aims to improve risk mitigation by proposing procedures and control systems. This study focuses particularly on racehorses and showjumping horses, considering their volume and the value of the equestrian market. Employing multi-method research, we aim to investigate the risks involved in horse transportation in Turkey and contribute to the related literature by creating a holistic approach with multiple parties involved in the industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with coaches, riders, grooms, drivers, a veterinarian, and a company owner in three cities of Turkey. The data revealed seven risk categories in horse road transportation: employee expertise, insurance issuance, horse health and safety, industry qualification, infrastructure, transportation planning, and vehicle design.

Keywords

Racehorses/Showjumping Horses, Risk, Road Transportation

References

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Aradom, S. (2013). Animal transport and welfare with special emphasis on transport time and vibration (Vol. 2013, No. 98). google scholar
Aykinon, H. (2018, 6 4). At yarisinda kazanilan ikramiyeden ne kadar vergi kesilir? Retrieved from https:// www.google.com.tr/amp/s/vergidosyasi.com google scholar
Baron, A. (1991). Avoidance and punishment. In: Iversen, I.H., Lattal, K.A. (Ed), Experimental analysis 767 of behavior, Elsevier, New York, USA, pp. 173-217. Elsevier, 173-217. google scholar
Boehm, R. (1998). Disinfection and hygiene in the veterinary field and disinfection of animal houses and transport vehicles. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr, 41, 217-224. google scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. google scholar
Cockram, M. (2007). Criteria and potential reasons for maximum journey times for farm animals destined for slaughter. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 234-243. google scholar
Cockram MS, Kent JE, Jackson RE, Goddard PJ, Doherty OM, McGilp IM, Fox A, Studdert-Kennedy TC, McConnell TI and O’Riordan T. (1977). Effect of lairage during 24h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Animal Science 65, 391-40. google scholar
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Cregier, S. (1982). Reducing equine hauling stress: a review. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 2(6), 187-198. google scholar
Cregier, S. (2009). Best Practices: Surface Transport of the Horse. Animal Transportation Association, AATA Education Committee. google scholar
Cregier, S. E., & Gimenez, R. (2015). Non-Commercial Horse Transport: New Standards for Trailers in Canada. Charlottetown, Canada: University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown, Canada Join institution. google scholar
European Commission. (2002). The welfare of animals during transport (details for horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle). European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. google scholar
Fevre, E. M., Bronsvoort, B. M. D. C., Hamilton, K. A., & Cleaveland, S. (2006). Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases. Trends in microbiology, 14(3), 125-131. google scholar
Friend, T. H. (2001). A review of recent research on the transportation of horses. Journal of Animal Science, 79(suppl_E), E32-E40. google scholar
Foreman,J.H and Ferlazzo,A. (1996). Physiological responses to stress in the horse. Pferdeheilkunde 12, 401-404. google scholar
Gade PB and Christensen L. (1998). Effect of different stocking densities during transport on welfare and meat quality in Danish slaughter pigs. Meat Science, 48, 237-247. google scholar
European commission, Guide to good practices for the transport of horses destined for slaughter (Vol. 12). (2018). Animal Transport Guide. google scholar
Hall, S.J.G. and Bradshaw, R.H. (1998). Welfare aspects of transport by road of sheep and pigs. Journal Applied Animal Welfare Science., 1, 235-254. google scholar
Herold, David M., et al. “Sport logistics research: Reviewing and line marking of a new field.” The International Journal of Logistics Management (2019). google scholar
Houpt, K.A., Leib, S. (1993). Horse handling and transport. Livestock handling 860 and transport, CAB international, 233-252. google scholar
JC Petherick, CJCPhillips. (2009). Space allowance for confined livestock and their determination from allometric principles. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 117, 1-12. google scholar
Jones, W. (2003). Transporting horses: minimizing the stress. . Journal of Equine Vet. Sci. , 543-545. google scholar
Kovacs, G., & Spens, K. M. (2005). Abductive reasoning in logistics research. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. google scholar
Leadon D.P., (1994). Transport stress. In” The Athletic Horse” (Hodgson D.R. and Rose R.J., eds.), pp. 371-378, Philadelphia. google scholar
Leadon, D., Daykin, J., Blackhouse, W., Frank, C., Attock, M.A. (1990). Environmental, hematological, and blood biochemistry changes in equine transit stress. American Association of Equine Practitioners, (pp. 485-490). google scholar
Leadon, D., Waran, N., Herholz, C., & Klay, M. (2008). Veterinary management of horse transport. Veterinaria Italiana, 44(1), 149-63. google scholar
Mansmann, R.A., Woodie, B. (1995). Equine transportation problems and some preventives: a review. International Conference on equine rescue., (pp. February 11-12, 141-144.). Southern Pines, North Carolina. google scholar
Mars, M.E., Keisling, H.E., Ross, T.T., Armstrong, J.B., Murray, L. (1992). Water acceptance and 898 intake in horses under shipping stress. Journal of Equine Vet. (12), 17-21. google scholar
Marahrens, M., et al. “Risk assessment in animal welfare-Especially referring to animal transport.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102.2 (2011): 157-163. google scholar
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1989). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. google scholar
McGreevy, P., McLean, A., Buckley, P., McConaghy, F., & McLean, C. (2011). How riding may affect welfare: What the equine veterinarian needs to know. Equine Veterinary Education, 23(10), 531-539. google scholar
Memiş, Salih, et al. “Prioritization of road transportation risks: An application in Giresun province.” Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications 3.2 (2020): 111-126. google scholar
Munsters, C. (2013). How Challenging is A Riding Horse’s Life? Dissertation Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht. google scholar
Nielsen B.L, Dybjaer L, Herskin M.S. (2011). Road transport of farm animals: effects of journey duration on animal welfare. Animal, 5(3). google scholar
Oikawa M and Kusunose R. (1995). Some epidemiological aspects of equine respiratory disease associated with transport. Journal of Equine Science, 25-29. google scholar
Padalino, B. (2015). Effects of the different transport phases on equine health status, behavior, and welfare: A review. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10(3), 272-282. google scholar
Padalino, B. Raidal, SL. Hall, E. Knight, P. Celi, P. Jeffcotta, L. and Muscatelloa, G. (2016, October). Survey of horse transportation in Australia: issues and practices. Australian Veterinary Journal, 94(10), Australian Veterinary Journal Volume 94, No 10, October 2016. google scholar
Padalino B, Tullio D, Cannone S, Bozzo G. Road Transport of Farm Animals: Mortality, Morbidity, Species, and Country of Origin at a Southern Italian Control Post. Animals (Basel). 2018 Sep 17;8(9):155. google scholar
Raidal, S., Love, D.N., Bailey, G.B. (1996). Effects of posture and accumulated airway secretions on tracheal mucociliary transport in the horse. Aust. Vet. J., 73, 45-49. google scholar
Racklyeft, D. J., & Love, D. N. (2000). Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses. Australian Veterinary Journal, 78(8), 549-559. google scholar
Sımova, Veronika, et al. “Pre-transport factors affecting the welfare of cattle during road transport for slaughter-a review.” Acta Veterinaria Brno 85.3 (2016): 303-318. google scholar
Smith, B.L., Jones, J.H., Hornof, W.J., Miles, J.A., Longworth, K.E., Willits, N.H..behavior (1996). Effects of road transport on indices of stress in horses. . Equine Vet. J., 28, 446-454. google scholar
Smith, B. L., Jones, J. H., Carlson, G. P., & Pascoe, J. R. (1994). Body position and direction preferences in horses during road transport. Equine veterinary journal, 26(5), 374-377. google scholar
Stull, C. (1997). Physiology, balance, and management of horses during transportation. The Horse Breeders and Owners Conference (pp. 10-12). Alberta: Red, Deer. google scholar
Tarrant, P. (1990). Transportation of cattle by road. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 28, 153-170. google scholar
Terrestrial Animal Health Code. (2011). Paris, France: WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH. google scholar
Timmermans, S., & Tavory, I. (2012). Theory construction in qualitative research: From grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociological Theory, 30(3), 167-186. google scholar
Tinker, M.K., White, N.A., Lessard, P., Thatcher, C.D., Pelzer, K.D., Davis, B., Carmel, D.K., (1997). Prospective study of equine colic risk factors. Equine Vet. J., 29, 454-458 google scholar
Van Hoek, R., Aronsson, H., Kovacs, G., & Spens, K. M. (2005). Abductive reasoning in logistics research. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. google scholar
Villa, P. D., Marahrens, M., Calvo, A. V., Di Nardo, A., Kleinschmidt, N., Alvarez, C. F., ... & Müller-Graf, C. (2009). Project to develop animal welfare risk assessment guidelines on transport. EFSA Supporting Publications, 6(9), 21E. google scholar
Waran, N. (1993). The behaviour of horses during and after transport by road. Equine Vet Educ, 129-132. google scholar
Waran, N. K., & Cuddeford, D. (1995). Effects of loading and transport on the heart rate and behavior of horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 43(2), 71-81. google scholar
West, R., French, D., Kemp, R., Elander, J. (1993). Direct observation of driving, self-reports of driver behavior, and accident involvement. Ergonomics 36, 557-567. google scholar
White, A., Reyes, A., Godoy, A., Martinez, R. (1991). Effects of transport and racing on ionic changes in thoroughbred racehorses. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 99A (3), 343-346. google scholar
Whiting, T. (1999). Maximum loading density of loose horses. Can. J.Anim. Sci.79, 115-118. google scholar
Live transport: welfare regulations, (25 Feb 2019), Retrieved from: (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/ farmanimal-welfare-during-transportation#history) google scholar
Federation Equestre Internationale, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.fei.org/ events?month=all&year=2021) google scholar
Turkey Jockey Club, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.tjk.org/EN) google scholar
Turkey Equestrian Federation, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.binicilik.org.tr/) google scholar
Center for Equine Health, Transporting Horses by Road and Air Recommendations for Reducing the Stress, (13 April 2018), Retrieved from: (https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/) google scholar
Risk management, (23 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/ risk-management) google scholar
Awareness Key To Health and Welfare Of Horses During Transport, (10 June 2021), Retrieved from: (https:// www.kentuckyhorse.org/news) google scholar
At Hayat Sigortasi, (5 Feb 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.korusigorta.com.tr/tr/ozel-urunlerimiz/ at-hayat-sigortasi) google scholar
Türkiye’de 16 bin 300 saf kan var, (1 Feb 2021), Retrieved from: (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/ turkiye-de-16-bin-300-safkan-at-var-619-milyon-lira-vergi-odedik-16894142) google scholar

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 31.05.2022

Elnaz Taghızadeh Alamdarı , Bengü Sevil Oflaç , Aysu Göçer

https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738

Abstract

References

Atock, M.A, Williams, R.B. (1994). The welfare of competition horses. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 217-232. google scholar
Aradom, S. (2013). Animal transport and welfare with special emphasis on transport time and vibration (Vol. 2013, No. 98). google scholar
Aykinon, H. (2018, 6 4). At yarisinda kazanilan ikramiyeden ne kadar vergi kesilir? Retrieved from https:// www.google.com.tr/amp/s/vergidosyasi.com google scholar
Baron, A. (1991). Avoidance and punishment. In: Iversen, I.H., Lattal, K.A. (Ed), Experimental analysis 767 of behavior, Elsevier, New York, USA, pp. 173-217. Elsevier, 173-217. google scholar
Boehm, R. (1998). Disinfection and hygiene in the veterinary field and disinfection of animal houses and transport vehicles. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr, 41, 217-224. google scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. google scholar
Cockram, M. (2007). Criteria and potential reasons for maximum journey times for farm animals destined for slaughter. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 234-243. google scholar
Cockram MS, Kent JE, Jackson RE, Goddard PJ, Doherty OM, McGilp IM, Fox A, Studdert-Kennedy TC, McConnell TI and O’Riordan T. (1977). Effect of lairage during 24h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Animal Science 65, 391-40. google scholar
Cole, B. (n.d.). searchcompliance.techtarget.com. Retrieved from https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/ definition/risk-management google scholar
Cregier, S. (1982). Reducing equine hauling stress: a review. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 2(6), 187-198. google scholar
Cregier, S. (2009). Best Practices: Surface Transport of the Horse. Animal Transportation Association, AATA Education Committee. google scholar
Cregier, S. E., & Gimenez, R. (2015). Non-Commercial Horse Transport: New Standards for Trailers in Canada. Charlottetown, Canada: University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown, Canada Join institution. google scholar
European Commission. (2002). The welfare of animals during transport (details for horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle). European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. google scholar
Fevre, E. M., Bronsvoort, B. M. D. C., Hamilton, K. A., & Cleaveland, S. (2006). Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases. Trends in microbiology, 14(3), 125-131. google scholar
Friend, T. H. (2001). A review of recent research on the transportation of horses. Journal of Animal Science, 79(suppl_E), E32-E40. google scholar
Foreman,J.H and Ferlazzo,A. (1996). Physiological responses to stress in the horse. Pferdeheilkunde 12, 401-404. google scholar
Gade PB and Christensen L. (1998). Effect of different stocking densities during transport on welfare and meat quality in Danish slaughter pigs. Meat Science, 48, 237-247. google scholar
European commission, Guide to good practices for the transport of horses destined for slaughter (Vol. 12). (2018). Animal Transport Guide. google scholar
Hall, S.J.G. and Bradshaw, R.H. (1998). Welfare aspects of transport by road of sheep and pigs. Journal Applied Animal Welfare Science., 1, 235-254. google scholar
Herold, David M., et al. “Sport logistics research: Reviewing and line marking of a new field.” The International Journal of Logistics Management (2019). google scholar
Houpt, K.A., Leib, S. (1993). Horse handling and transport. Livestock handling 860 and transport, CAB international, 233-252. google scholar
JC Petherick, CJCPhillips. (2009). Space allowance for confined livestock and their determination from allometric principles. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 117, 1-12. google scholar
Jones, W. (2003). Transporting horses: minimizing the stress. . Journal of Equine Vet. Sci. , 543-545. google scholar
Kovacs, G., & Spens, K. M. (2005). Abductive reasoning in logistics research. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. google scholar
Leadon D.P., (1994). Transport stress. In” The Athletic Horse” (Hodgson D.R. and Rose R.J., eds.), pp. 371-378, Philadelphia. google scholar
Leadon, D., Daykin, J., Blackhouse, W., Frank, C., Attock, M.A. (1990). Environmental, hematological, and blood biochemistry changes in equine transit stress. American Association of Equine Practitioners, (pp. 485-490). google scholar
Leadon, D., Waran, N., Herholz, C., & Klay, M. (2008). Veterinary management of horse transport. Veterinaria Italiana, 44(1), 149-63. google scholar
Mansmann, R.A., Woodie, B. (1995). Equine transportation problems and some preventives: a review. International Conference on equine rescue., (pp. February 11-12, 141-144.). Southern Pines, North Carolina. google scholar
Mars, M.E., Keisling, H.E., Ross, T.T., Armstrong, J.B., Murray, L. (1992). Water acceptance and 898 intake in horses under shipping stress. Journal of Equine Vet. (12), 17-21. google scholar
Marahrens, M., et al. “Risk assessment in animal welfare-Especially referring to animal transport.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102.2 (2011): 157-163. google scholar
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1989). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. google scholar
McGreevy, P., McLean, A., Buckley, P., McConaghy, F., & McLean, C. (2011). How riding may affect welfare: What the equine veterinarian needs to know. Equine Veterinary Education, 23(10), 531-539. google scholar
Memiş, Salih, et al. “Prioritization of road transportation risks: An application in Giresun province.” Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications 3.2 (2020): 111-126. google scholar
Munsters, C. (2013). How Challenging is A Riding Horse’s Life? Dissertation Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht. google scholar
Nielsen B.L, Dybjaer L, Herskin M.S. (2011). Road transport of farm animals: effects of journey duration on animal welfare. Animal, 5(3). google scholar
Oikawa M and Kusunose R. (1995). Some epidemiological aspects of equine respiratory disease associated with transport. Journal of Equine Science, 25-29. google scholar
Padalino, B. (2015). Effects of the different transport phases on equine health status, behavior, and welfare: A review. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10(3), 272-282. google scholar
Padalino, B. Raidal, SL. Hall, E. Knight, P. Celi, P. Jeffcotta, L. and Muscatelloa, G. (2016, October). Survey of horse transportation in Australia: issues and practices. Australian Veterinary Journal, 94(10), Australian Veterinary Journal Volume 94, No 10, October 2016. google scholar
Padalino B, Tullio D, Cannone S, Bozzo G. Road Transport of Farm Animals: Mortality, Morbidity, Species, and Country of Origin at a Southern Italian Control Post. Animals (Basel). 2018 Sep 17;8(9):155. google scholar
Raidal, S., Love, D.N., Bailey, G.B. (1996). Effects of posture and accumulated airway secretions on tracheal mucociliary transport in the horse. Aust. Vet. J., 73, 45-49. google scholar
Racklyeft, D. J., & Love, D. N. (2000). Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses. Australian Veterinary Journal, 78(8), 549-559. google scholar
Sımova, Veronika, et al. “Pre-transport factors affecting the welfare of cattle during road transport for slaughter-a review.” Acta Veterinaria Brno 85.3 (2016): 303-318. google scholar
Smith, B.L., Jones, J.H., Hornof, W.J., Miles, J.A., Longworth, K.E., Willits, N.H..behavior (1996). Effects of road transport on indices of stress in horses. . Equine Vet. J., 28, 446-454. google scholar
Smith, B. L., Jones, J. H., Carlson, G. P., & Pascoe, J. R. (1994). Body position and direction preferences in horses during road transport. Equine veterinary journal, 26(5), 374-377. google scholar
Stull, C. (1997). Physiology, balance, and management of horses during transportation. The Horse Breeders and Owners Conference (pp. 10-12). Alberta: Red, Deer. google scholar
Tarrant, P. (1990). Transportation of cattle by road. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 28, 153-170. google scholar
Terrestrial Animal Health Code. (2011). Paris, France: WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH. google scholar
Timmermans, S., & Tavory, I. (2012). Theory construction in qualitative research: From grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociological Theory, 30(3), 167-186. google scholar
Tinker, M.K., White, N.A., Lessard, P., Thatcher, C.D., Pelzer, K.D., Davis, B., Carmel, D.K., (1997). Prospective study of equine colic risk factors. Equine Vet. J., 29, 454-458 google scholar
Van Hoek, R., Aronsson, H., Kovacs, G., & Spens, K. M. (2005). Abductive reasoning in logistics research. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management. google scholar
Villa, P. D., Marahrens, M., Calvo, A. V., Di Nardo, A., Kleinschmidt, N., Alvarez, C. F., ... & Müller-Graf, C. (2009). Project to develop animal welfare risk assessment guidelines on transport. EFSA Supporting Publications, 6(9), 21E. google scholar
Waran, N. (1993). The behaviour of horses during and after transport by road. Equine Vet Educ, 129-132. google scholar
Waran, N. K., & Cuddeford, D. (1995). Effects of loading and transport on the heart rate and behavior of horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 43(2), 71-81. google scholar
West, R., French, D., Kemp, R., Elander, J. (1993). Direct observation of driving, self-reports of driver behavior, and accident involvement. Ergonomics 36, 557-567. google scholar
White, A., Reyes, A., Godoy, A., Martinez, R. (1991). Effects of transport and racing on ionic changes in thoroughbred racehorses. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 99A (3), 343-346. google scholar
Whiting, T. (1999). Maximum loading density of loose horses. Can. J.Anim. Sci.79, 115-118. google scholar
Live transport: welfare regulations, (25 Feb 2019), Retrieved from: (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/ farmanimal-welfare-during-transportation#history) google scholar
Federation Equestre Internationale, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.fei.org/ events?month=all&year=2021) google scholar
Turkey Jockey Club, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.tjk.org/EN) google scholar
Turkey Equestrian Federation, (24 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.binicilik.org.tr/) google scholar
Center for Equine Health, Transporting Horses by Road and Air Recommendations for Reducing the Stress, (13 April 2018), Retrieved from: (https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/) google scholar
Risk management, (23 Jan 2021), Retrieved from: (https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/ risk-management) google scholar
Awareness Key To Health and Welfare Of Horses During Transport, (10 June 2021), Retrieved from: (https:// www.kentuckyhorse.org/news) google scholar
At Hayat Sigortasi, (5 Feb 2021), Retrieved from: (https://www.korusigorta.com.tr/tr/ozel-urunlerimiz/ at-hayat-sigortasi) google scholar
Türkiye’de 16 bin 300 saf kan var, (1 Feb 2021), Retrieved from: (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/ turkiye-de-16-bin-300-safkan-at-var-619-milyon-lira-vergi-odedik-16894142) google scholar

There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Sports Medicine
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Elnaz Taghızadeh Alamdarı 0000-0002-0429-8583 Bengü Sevil Oflaç 0000-0002-8617-4284 Aysu Göçer 0000-0001-7343-7703
Publication Date	May 31, 2022
Submission Date	October 7, 2021
Acceptance Date	December 17, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Taghızadeh Alamdarı, E., Sevil Oflaç, B., & Göçer, A. (2022). Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, 7(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738
AMA	Taghızadeh Alamdarı E, Sevil Oflaç B, Göçer A. Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey. JTL. May 2022;7(1):19-35. doi:10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738
Chicago	Taghızadeh Alamdarı, Elnaz, Bengü Sevil Oflaç, and Aysu Göçer. “Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 7, no. 1 (May 2022): 19-35. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738.
EndNote	Taghızadeh Alamdarı E, Sevil Oflaç B, Göçer A (May 1, 2022) Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 7 1 19–35.
IEEE	E. Taghızadeh Alamdarı, B. Sevil Oflaç, and A. Göçer, “Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey”, JTL, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 19–35, 2022, doi: 10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738.
ISNAD	Taghızadeh Alamdarı, Elnaz et al. “Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 7/1 (May 2022), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738.
JAMA	Taghızadeh Alamdarı E, Sevil Oflaç B, Göçer A. Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey. JTL. 2022;7:19–35.
MLA	Taghızadeh Alamdarı, Elnaz et al. “Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, vol. 7, no. 1, 2022, pp. 19-35, doi:10.26650/JTL.2022.1004738.
Vancouver	Taghızadeh Alamdarı E, Sevil Oflaç B, Göçer A. Risks in Road Transportation of Sport Horses: the Case of Turkey. JTL. 2022;7(1):19-35.

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The JTL is being published twice (in April and October of) a year, as an official international peer-reviewed journal of the School of Transportation and Logistics at Istanbul University.