Abstract
In Mesopotamia, Lapis Lazuli, which has no raw material, has been adopted by societies that lived in this geography, and lapis lazuli has been intensely used in their cultures. The lapis lazuli has been stated as ZA.GÌN in Sumerian and uqnû in Akkadian languages in cuneiform documents. According to recent assessments in the literature, the term uqnû is a general expression for blues stones and refers to similar stone types between blue and bluish colour tones. The lapis lazuli stone has a deep blue colour similar to a starry sky. Mesopotamian civilizations have attributed sanctity because of its colour and appearance, and they have ascribed symbolic meanings to this stone. Imitation of lapis lazuli has been made with the advancement of glass production technology in Mesopotamia. Thus, this stone has been noted in some cuneiform documents with various names, such as mountain (genuine) lapis lazuli or kiln (artificial) lapis lazuli. The different types of the lapis lazuli and information about them have been clarified by ḪAR.ra=ḫubullû and Abnu šikinšu in ancient writings about mineralogy and petrology fields. This study will discuss the importance, application fields, and several lapis lazuli stone types according to analyses in live with cuneiform documents.