Literature and psychology are two important sciences that cannot be considered separately. The relations of both sciences with human beings require their evaluation as a whole. In fact, these sciences are projections aimed at understanding or explaining the human better. Emotions are a part of human life and thoughts about how and why they arise are an indication of the effort to understand people better. However, the reflection of these human feelings by an artist through a work can sometimes be effective in revealing the feelings, thinking structures and qualities of the character that the artist reflects. In this study, a psychoanalytic reading of Bāqī’s poems was tried to be made by making use of the sciences mentioned in the context of jealousy. Jealousy literally means “to be stingy, to spare, to show greed, to do better than the other” in the dictionaries. In religious texts, except from the jealousy, personal weaknesses and selfish impulses, it is considered an expression of honor for reasons such as protecting the generation . At the same time, it is explained by the word hamiyet, which is defined as the feeling and will to resist attacks against values, and also with the words izzet-i nefis. There are many definitions of jealousy. In most of these definitions, the fear of loss and the existence of a real or imaginary third person (or more) stand out. Jealousy is the emotion, attitude and behavior that emerges in the opinion that the loved object tends to another person. The third person mentioned is an important point that distinguishes jealousy from envy. In jealousy, there is the desire to have or to protect what one has, and in envy is greed and the desire to obtain.The possessed thing can attract jealousy, and someone else can desire to have it . In Bāqī’s poems, the trio of lover-loved-opponent is the clearest indicator of jealousy. Bāqī shows the distinction between jealousy and envy with the words he uses in his poems. Jealousy is an affective state and the lover shows the ability to participate in emotional response to stimuli, events, memories, thoughts. In poetry, the lover is always jealous of the loved and even produces paranoid reactions about her. The basis of all this is the anxiety of losing the loved. The loved has enviable qualities and this situation is pronounced in poems with the word “reşk”. He characterizes his opponent as envious and often displays hostile attitudes. Because the opponent is a character who envies the lover and wants to take away what he loved. In Divan poetry, opponent, obstacle, enemy, envious, stranger, is the person who competes with the lover and becomes a partner to him and everything that comes between the lover and the loved and prevents the lover from reaching the loved. Sometimes the lover himself can be a rival. In addition, the word opponent, which means “watch” in Arabic etymologically evokes jealousy. Because the eyes and ears are the primary organs that generate jealousy. Bāqī’s ghazal “gözedür” is also meaningful in terms of showing this dimension of jealousy. Among the three types of jealousy mentioned in pschology as competitive, projected and delusional, the lover’s jealousy can be generally referred to as “competitive jealousy” due to his desire to overpower and surpass the fortunate opponent. In Latin, it is seen that with the definition of competition as “the struggle to reach the water stream” and the opponent as “the person who uses the same water stream with the others or settled next to this water”, the desire to prevail and the issues regarding the power of the field are brought to the fore. Low self-esteem, insecurity, emotional dependence, neglect, anxiety of loss, possessiveness, stubbornness, to worry himself, criticism / anger, violence, abduction of someone else’s joy, self-bind, setting rules of conduct, restriction of freedom are some of the symptoms that show the jealousy of the lover in Bāqī’s poems. Bāqī emphasizes that the trouble and calamity that he frequently mentions in his poem originates from jealousy. As a result, it can be said that the stated effects of jealousy in psychology are also seen in Bāqī’s poems. However, some differences arising from the unique structure of divan poetry and the belief and mentality of the society are also striking. When it comes to jealousy, characteristics such as empathy and preference for someone else, which cannot be brought to mind, are among the attitudes that the lover rarely adopts. Unlike the usual jealousy, it can also be said that the lover has a character who at times welcomes the opponent, understands his state and shows compassion to him.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 30, 2021 |
Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |